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मेघदूतम् · कालिदास · 1.44

देवगिरि · the wind that ripens the figs

त्वन्निष्यन्दोच्छ्वसितवसुधागन्धसम्पर्करम्यः

त्व
न्नि
ष्य
न्दो
च्छ्व
सि
त
व
सु
धा
ग
न्ध
स
म्प
र्क
र
म्यः

स्रोतोरन्ध्रध्वनितसुभगं दन्तिभिः पीयमानः

स्रो
तो
र
न्ध्र
ध्व
नि
त
सु
भ
गं
द
न्ति
भिः
पी
य
मा
नः

नीचैर्वास्यत्युपजिगमिषोर्देवपूर्वं गिरिं ते

नी
चै
र्वा
स्य
त्यु
प
जि
ग
मि
षो
र्दे
व
पू
र्वं
गि
रिं
ते

शीतो वायुः परिणमयिता काननोदुम्बराणाम्

शी
तो
वा
युः
प
रि
ण
म
यि
ता
का
न
नो
दु
म्ब
रा
णाम्

pāda a

  • त्वguruthe conjunct न्न that follows it
  • न्निguruthe conjunct ष्य that follows it
  • ष्यguruthe conjunct न्द that follows it
  • न्दोguruits long vowel ओ
  • च्छ्वlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • सिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • वlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • सुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • धाguruits long vowel आ
  • गguruthe conjunct न्ध that follows it
  • न्धlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • सguruthe conjunct म्प that follows it
  • म्पguruthe conjunct र्क that follows it
  • र्कlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रguruthe conjunct म्य that follows it
  • म्यःguruthe visarga it carries
  • yati after 4 — it falls inside the compound त्वन्निष्यन्दोच्छ्वसितवसुधागन्धसम्पर्करम्यः
  • yati after 10 — a compound member ends here, inside त्वन्निष्यन्दोच्छ्वसितवसुधागन्धसम्पर्करम्यः

pāda b

  • स्रोguruits long vowel ओ
  • तोguruits long vowel ओ
  • रguruthe conjunct न्ध्र that follows it
  • न्ध्रguruthe conjunct ध्व that follows it
  • ध्वlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • निlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • सुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • भlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • गंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • दguruthe conjunct न्त that follows it
  • न्तिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • भिःguruthe visarga it carries
  • पीguruits long vowel ई
  • यlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • माguruits long vowel आ
  • नःguruthe visarga it carries
  • yati after 4 — a compound member ends here, inside स्रोतोरन्ध्रध्वनितसुभगम्
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — स्रोतोरन्ध्रध्वनितसुभगं

pāda c

  • नीguruits long vowel ई
  • चैguruits long vowel ऐ
  • र्वाguruits long vowel आ
  • स्यguruthe conjunct त्य that follows it
  • त्युlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • पlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • जिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • गlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • षोguruits long vowel ओ
  • र्देguruits long vowel ए
  • वlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • पूguruits long vowel ऊ
  • र्वंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • गिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रिंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • तेguruits long vowel ए
  • yati after 4 — it falls inside वास्यति
  • yati after 10 — it falls inside the compound देवपूर्वम्

pāda d

  • शीguruits long vowel ई
  • तोguruits long vowel ओ
  • वाguruits long vowel आ
  • युःguruthe visarga it carries
  • पlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • णlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • यिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • ताguruits long vowel आ
  • काguruits long vowel आ
  • नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नोguruits long vowel ओ
  • दुguruthe conjunct म्ब that follows it
  • म्बlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • राguruits long vowel आ
  • णाम्guruthe end of the pāda, which counts the last syllable heavy
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — वायुः
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — परिणमयिता

  • स्रोतोरन्ध्रध्वनितसुभगम् + दन्तिभिः → स्रोतोरन्ध्रध्वनितसुभगं

    म् + द्

  • नीचैः + वास्यति → नीचैर्वास्यत्युपजिगमिषोर्देवपूर्वं

    ः + व्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • वास्यति + उपजिगमिषोः → नीचैर्वास्यत्युपजिगमिषोर्देवपूर्वं

    इ + उ

  • उपजिगमिषोः + देवपूर्वम् → नीचैर्वास्यत्युपजिगमिषोर्देवपूर्वं

    ः + द्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • गिरिम् + ते → गिरिं

    म् + त्

  • शीतः + वायुः → शीतो

    ः + व्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • त्वद् + निष्यन्द → त्वन्निष्यन्दोच्छ्वसितवसुधागन्धसम्पर्करम्यः

    द् + न्

  • निष्यन्द + उच्छ्वसित → त्वन्निष्यन्दोच्छ्वसितवसुधागन्धसम्पर्करम्यः

    अ + उ → ओ · falls inside the syllable न्दो

  • उच्छ्वसित + वसुधा → त्वन्निष्यन्दोच्छ्वसितवसुधागन्धसम्पर्करम्यः

    अ + व्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • वसुधा + गन्ध → त्वन्निष्यन्दोच्छ्वसितवसुधागन्धसम्पर्करम्यः

    आ + ग्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • गन्ध + सम्पर्क → त्वन्निष्यन्दोच्छ्वसितवसुधागन्धसम्पर्करम्यः

    अ + स्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • सम्पर्क + रम्य → त्वन्निष्यन्दोच्छ्वसितवसुधागन्धसम्पर्करम्यः

    अ + र्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • स्रोतस् + रन्ध्र → स्रोतोरन्ध्रध्वनितसुभगम्

    स् + र्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • रन्ध्र + ध्वनित → स्रोतोरन्ध्रध्वनितसुभगम्

    अ + ध्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • ध्वनित + सुभग → स्रोतोरन्ध्रध्वनितसुभगम्

    अ + स्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • देव + पूर्व → देवपूर्वम्

    अ + प्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • कानन + उदुम्बर → काननोदुम्बराणाम्

    अ + उ → ओ · falls inside the syllable नो

The last pāda joins four words into one printed stretch, नीचैर्वास्यत्युपजिगमिषोर्देवपूर्वं: नीचैः goes to र् before the व् of वास्यति; वास्यति + उपजिगमिषोः turns the इ to य् before the vowel of उप- (Pāṇini 6.1.77); and उपजिगमिषोः goes to र् before the द् of देव-. शीतो वायुः is a visarga to ओ before the voiced व् (शीतः + वायुः), the same voiced outcome written as the vowel. स्रोतोरन्ध्रध्वनितसुभगं दन्तिभिः keeps a म् as अनुस्वार and gives it the following class's nasal before the द् (8.3.23, 8.4.59), and गिरिं ते does the same before त्.

  • Chinnaya Sūri, Bālavyākaraṇam — సంధిపరిచ్ఛేదము; vendor/balavyakaranam-sandhi.txt

  • स्रोतोरन्ध्रध्वनितसुभगम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

  • दन्तिभिः तृतीया · instrumental — करण, the instrument or cause

  • पीयमानः प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • उपजिगमिषोः षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word

  • गिरिम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

    with देवपूर्वम्

  • ते षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्धमात्रे षष्ठी — a genitive of bare relation, not of possession

    ते would ordinarily be ‘your’, a genitive of belonging. Mallinātha names the kind of genitive it is instead: सम्बन्धमात्रविवक्षायां षष्ठी, ‘the sixth case where only a relation is meant.’ The wind is not owned by the cloud; the genitive simply ties the blowing to it — the wind blows for you, in relation to you, as you make for the mountain. It is the loosest of the genitive's uses, a plain connection with no possession in it.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.44: te tava sambandhamātravivakṣāyāṃ ṣaṣṭhī

  • शीतः प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • वायुः प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

    with त्वन्निष्यन्दोच्छ्वसितवसुधागन्धसम्पर्करम्यः

  • परिणमयिता प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • काननोदुम्बराणाम् षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word

प्रकरण 1 · हलन्त्यम्

प्रकरण 2 · इको यणचि

प्रकरण 3 · स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः

प्रकरण 4 · वा शरि

  • ससजुषो रुः 8.2.66← त्वन्निष्यन्दोच्छ्वसितवसुधागन्धसम्पर्करम्यः; दन्तिभिः; पीयमानः; उपजिगमिषोः; शीतः; वायुः

प्रकरण 5 · अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्

प्रकरण 7 · अतोऽम्

प्रकरण 8 · हो ढः

प्रकरण 12 · लः कर्मणि च भावे चाकर्मकेभ्यः

प्रकरण 34 · ण्वुल्तृचौ

not in the abridgement

त्वन्निष्यन्दोच्छ्वसितवसुधागन्धसम्पर्करम्यः

त्वद् · निष्यन्द · उच्छ्वसित · वसुधा · गन्ध · सम्पर्क · रम्य

  1. तव निष्यन्दः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — your streaming down

  2. त्वन्निष्यन्देन उच्छ्वसिता वसुधा

    तत्पुरुष (instrumental) — the earth swelled by it

  3. त्वन्निष्यन्दोच्छ्वसितवसुधायाः गन्धः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the smell of that earth

  4. गन्धस्य सम्पर्कः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the touch of that smell

  5. सम्पर्केण रम्यः

    तत्पुरुष (instrumental) — made lovely by that touch

तत्पुरुष — it agrees with वायुः. made lovely by the touch of the smell of earth your rain has swelled — a seven-member compound that fills a whole pāda, and Mallinātha takes it apart in one sentence without pausing. He glosses निष्यन्द by वृष्टि, उच्छ्वसित by उपबृंहित (swelled, filled out), वसुधा by भूमि, and then sums the whole thing in one word: सुरभिः, fragrant. Six members to say what one adjective says, and the six are there because the poem wants the causal chain — rain, then the earth rising to it, then the smell, then the wind carrying it

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses each member and then the whole; the run is transmitted with a break inside उच्छ्वसितायाः and appears to read वृष्ट्या where the transcription gives दृष्टया“tvanniṣyandena tava [vṛ]ṣṭyā ucchvasitāyā upabṛṃhitāyā vasudhāyā bhūmergandhasya samparkeṇa ramyaḥ | surabhirityarthaḥ”

स्रोतोरन्ध्रध्वनितसुभगम्

स्रोतस् · रन्ध्र · ध्वनित · सुभग

  1. स्रोतसां रन्ध्राणि

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the openings of the nostrils

  2. स्रोतोरन्ध्रेषु ध्वनितम्

    तत्पुरुष (locative) — the sound made in them

  3. ध्वनितेन सुभगम्

    तत्पुरुष (instrumental) — made pleasant by that sound

तत्पुरुष. pleasant with the sound in their nostrils — the compound turns on a word Mallinātha has to argue for. स्रोतस् ordinarily means a current of water, and here it means a nostril; he explains that the word denotes a sense-organ and that the particular organ, the nose, is reached by implication — स्रोतःशब्देन इन्द्रियवाचिना तद्विशेषो घ्राणं लक्ष्यते — and backs it with Amara, who gives स्रोतस् as both a water's rush and a sense. He then glosses रन्ध्र by नासाग्रकुहर, the hollow at the tip of the nose. The compound stands in the neuter accusative as an adverb of पीयमानः, which he marks by writing यथा तथा

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, citing Amara for स्रोतस्; the transcription runs यद् ध्वनितम् together as `yavanitaM`“srotaḥśabdenendriyavācinā tadviśeṣo ghrāṇaṃ lakṣyate || “sroto'mbuvegendriyayoḥ” ityamaraḥ || srotorandhreṣu nāsāgrakuhareṣu ya[d dhva]nitaṃ śabdastena subhagaṃ yathā tathā”

देवपूर्वम्

देव · पूर्व

  1. देवशब्दः पूर्वो यस्य सः, तम्

    बहुव्रीहि — the one that has the word deva in front of it

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to गिरिम्. with 'Deva' in front of it — and this two-member compound gets more of Mallinātha's attention than the seven-member one. He glosses it देवशब्दपूर्वं गिरिम्, 'the mountain with the word deva before it', that is Devagiri, and then raises an objection against the poet. Being preceded by देव belongs to the word गिरि, not to the mountain the word names — देवपूर्वत्वं गिरिशब्दस्य, न तु संज्ञिनस्तदर्थस्य — and treating a name as though it were the thing named is a recognised fault, अवाच्यवचन, 'saying what is not to be said'. He quotes the Ekāvalī for the definition. Then he offers a way out — the word गिरि, taken as a word and qualified by देव, indicates the Devagiri the cloud can go to — and does not pretend it is a good one: कथञ्चित्सम्पाद्यम्, 'it has to be managed somehow'

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, naming a fault in the poet's usage, citing the Ekāvalī, and offering a defence he calls makeshift“devapūrvaṃ devaśabdapūrvaṃ girim | devagirimityarthaḥ || … devapūrvatvaṃ giriśabdasya | na tu saṃjñinastadarthasyeti | saṃjñāyāḥ saṃjñitvābhāvādavācyavacanaṃ doṣamāhurālaṅkārikāḥ | taduktamekāvalyāṃ — “yadavācyasya vacanamavācyavacanaṃ hi tat” iti || samādhānaṃ tu … kathañci[t] sampādyam”

काननोदुम्बराणाम्

कानन · उदुम्बर

  1. काननेषु उदुम्बराः

    तत्पुरुष (locative) — the fig trees in the woods

तत्पुरुष. of the wild figs in the woods — Mallinātha puts कानन in the locative when he unpacks it, काननेषु वनेषु, so the trees are in the woods rather than belonging to them. He fixes उदुम्बर with Amara, who gives four names for the cluster fig, the first of them जन्तुफल, 'whose fruit has creatures in it' — which is literally true of the tree, whose figs are pollinated from the inside by wasps

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, citing Amara“kānaneṣu vaneṣūdumbarāṇāṃ jantuphalānām || “udumbaro jantuphalo yajñāṅgo hemadugdhakaḥ” ityamaraḥ”

  • a-stem masculine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    त्वन्निष्यन्दोच्छ्वसितवसुधागन्धसम्पर्करम्यः

    रम्य, built on √रम्

    lovely — glossed सुरभिः, fragrant, which is Mallinātha narrowing a general word to the one sense the compound gives it. रम्य is built on √रम्, to take pleasure in, so it is 'what one stays with', and it is the poem's ordinary word for a place worth stopping at

    त्वन्निष्यन्दोच्छ्वसितवसुधागन्धसम्पर्करम्यः is a seven-member compound filling a whole pāda, and it unpacks in steps. त्वन्निष्यन्द is “your streaming,” the cloud's rain; उच्छ्वसित, “breathed out, swelled,” is what that rain does to the वसुधा, the earth; वसुधागन्ध is the smell the wet earth gives off; सम्पर्क is the wind's “touch” of that smell; and रम्य, glossed सुरभिः, “fragrant,” is what the touch makes the wind. So: a wind made lovely by contact with the scent that the earth, swelled by your rain, breathes out. It is the smell of the first wet on dry ground, and the compound builds it one join at a time until the last word, रम्यः, hands it to वायुः.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.44: tvadīyaniṣyandena … ucchvasitāyāḥ vasudhāyāḥ gandhasya samparkeṇa ramyaḥ surabhiḥ

  • a-stem neuter, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    स्रोतोरन्ध्रध्वनितसुभगम्

    printed स्रोतोरन्ध्रध्वनितसुभगं

    सुभग

    pleasantly — the same सुभग that stood at 1.42 as an adjective of the cloud's reflection, and here it is neuter and adverbial: not 'the wind is pleasant' but 'the elephants drink it in pleasantly'. Mallinātha marks the adverb by writing यथा तथा, 'in such a way that', around it. The accusative stands as an adverb of पीयमानः

  • in-stem masculine, तृतीया बहुवचन instrumental plural

    दन्तिभिः

    दन्तिन्

    by the elephants — glossed गजैः. दन्तिन् is 'the tusked one', दन्त with the possessive इन्, so the elephant is again named by one part of itself, as नागाजिन at 1.38 named it by its hide. The instrumental is the agent of the passive participle

  • √पा + शानच् on the passive stem, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    पीयमानः

    पीयमान, from √पा

    being drunk in — the same word in the same form as at 1.16, where it was the cloud being drunk by the eyes of the villagers; here it is the wind being drunk by elephants. Mallinātha spells out what the drinking is: वसुधागन्धलोभादाघ्रायमाणः, 'being smelled at out of greed for the smell of the earth'. Then he says what the whole picture is for — अनेन मान्द्यमुच्यते, 'by this, slowness is expressed'. A wind that elephants can stand and inhale is a wind that is barely moving, and the stanza has been describing a breeze without once saying it was gentle. DCS marks the form a past participle in क्त, which the -मान will not bear

  • अव्यय

    नीचैः

    printed नीचैर्वास्यत्युपजिगमिषोर्देवपूर्वं

    नीचैस्

    low, softly — glossed शनैः, gently. नीचैस् is the indeclinable that answers उच्चैस्, which stood at 1.38 meaning tall; the pair is the poem's way of saying high and low without an adjective. Here it says both at once: the wind blows low along the ground and it blows quietly

  • √वा, class 2, लृट्, parasmaipada, third person singular

    वास्यति

    printed नीचैर्वास्यत्युपजिगमिषोर्देवपूर्वं

    √वा

    will blow — and Mallinātha turns the intransitive into a transitive when he glosses: त्वां वीजयिष्यति, 'it will fan you'. The verse says only that the wind will blow; the gloss puts the cloud in front of it as the thing fanned, which is what the whole stanza has been arranging. It is the one finite verb, and it is in the future, so the stanza is a promise rather than an instruction

    वास्यति, “will blow,” is intransitive on its face — a wind blows, it does nothing to anyone — but Mallinātha reads it transitively and glosses त्वां वीजयिष्यति, “it will fan you.” So the cool wind is not merely blowing where the cloud happens to be; it is fanning the cloud, as one fans an honoured guest, नीचैः, शनैः, “low and soft.” नीचैस् is the indeclinable that answers the उच्चैस्, “tall,” of 1.38: there the wood of Śiva's arms stood high, here the wind stays low. The whole first three pādas describe this one wind — cool, earth-scented, drunk by elephants, ripener of figs — and the subject वायुः itself is held to the very last line.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.44: nīcaiḥ śanaiḥ vāsyati tvāṃ vījayiṣyatītyarthaḥ

  • u-stem masculine, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular

    उपजिगमिषोः

    printed नीचैर्वास्यत्युपजिगमिषोर्देवपूर्वं

    उपजिगमिषु, from उप + √गम्

    of one wanting to go up to — Mallinātha unpacks it उपगन्तुमिच्छोः and then names how it is made: गमेः सन्नन्तादुप्रत्ययः, 'the affix उ after the desiderative of √गम्'. The desiderative doubles the root and adds स — गम् becomes जिगमिष, 'wants to go' — and the affix उ turns that verb back into an adjective. So one word carries a wish, a verb and a noun, and the genitive it stands in belongs to nothing in particular. It is a desiderative stem with the affix उ, declining as an ordinary u-stem

  • a-stem masculine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    देवपूर्वम्

    printed नीचैर्वास्यत्युपजिगमिषोर्देवपूर्वं

    पूर्व

    having in front — पूर्व is what comes first, in time or in place or in a word, and it is the third of these that is meant: what stands in front of गिरि is the word देव. That is the whole of the difficulty Mallinātha raises against the compound, and the reason he raises it: a mountain cannot have a word in front of it, only a name can

  • i-stem masculine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    गिरिम्

    printed गिरिं

    गिरि

    mountain — and Mallinātha's answer to his own objection turns on taking this word as a word rather than as a mountain: गिरिशब्देन शब्दपरेण, 'by the word giri, understood as referring to a word'. So the accusative is the object of उपजिगमिषु, and what is being approached is Devagiri, reached through the name

  • pronoun, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular

    ते

    युष्मद्

    your, or for you — and Mallinātha names the kind of genitive it is: सम्बन्धमात्रविवक्षायां षष्ठी, 'the sixth case where nothing but a connection is meant'. It belongs to no particular word in the sentence. The wind will blow, and the cloud is in the picture — that is all the case is doing, and the commentator says so rather than forcing it onto a governor

  • a-stem masculine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    शीतः

    printed शीतो

    शीत

    cool — the plainest word in a stanza whose first pāda has seven members, and it is carrying the point. The wind is cool, and everything else said about it — the wet earth, the elephants, the slowness — is why

  • u-stem masculine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    वायुः

    वायु

    the wind — the subject, and it does not arrive until the last pāda: three pādas of description stand in front of it, and the sentence cannot be built until it comes. वायु is from √वा, the same root as the verb वास्यति, so in Sanskrit the wind and the blowing are one word twice

  • ṛ-stem masculine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    परिणमयिता

    परिणमयितृ, from परि + √नम् with णिच्

    ripener — glossed परिपाकयिता, one who brings to ripeness. The agent noun is built on the causative of √नम्, to bend: what is परिणत has bent right over, and a fruit that has done so is ripe. Mallinātha stops to name the rule that keeps the vowel short — मितां ह्रस्वः, by which a root with an indicatory म् does not lengthen before the causative णि, so the stem is नमयति and not नामयति. The word is an agent noun doing a verb's work: the wind is not said to ripen the figs, it is said to be their ripener. It is an agent noun

    परिणमयिता, “the ripener,” is an agent noun, and it is built on a causative. √नम् is “to bend”; and what bends, when a fruit bends a branch with its weight, is a fruit come ripe — so the causative परिणामय-, “to make bend, to bring to ripeness,” and its agent noun परिणमयिता, glossed परिपाकयिता, “one who brings to ripeness.” The wind ripens काननोदुम्बराणाम्, “the wild figs in the woods,” the tree Amara names जन्तुफल, “the one whose fruit holds creatures,” for the tiny insects that live inside a fig. So the same wind that is cool for the cloud is the one that turns the forest's figs ripe as it passes.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.44: pariṇamayitā paripākayitā | kānanoduṃbarāṇāṃ … “uduṃbaro jantuphalo” ityamaraḥ

  • a-stem masculine, षष्ठी बहुवचन genitive plural

    काननोदुम्बराणाम्

    उदुम्बर

    of the cluster figs — the tree Amara calls जन्तुफल, 'the one whose fruit holds creatures', and three other names besides. The genitive belongs to परिणमयिता: an agent noun takes the thing it acts on in the sixth case, not the second, which is why the figs are 'of' rather than the object of a verb

त्वन्निष्यन्दोच्छ्वसितवसुधागन्धसम्पर्करम्यः · स्रोतोरन्ध्रध्वनितसुभगम् · दन्तिभिः · पीयमानः · काननोदुम्बराणाम् · परिणमयिता · शीतः · वायुः · देवपूर्वम् · गिरिम् · उपजिगमिषोः · ते · नीचैः · वास्यति

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, whose commentary is written as anvaya and keeps the subject to the end, as the verse does“tvanniṣyandena … samparkeṇa ramyaḥ | … subhagaṃ yathā tathā dantibhirgajaiḥ pīyamānaḥ | kānaneṣu vaneṣūdumbarāṇāṃ … pariṇamayitā … śīto vāyuḥ | devapūrvaṃ … girim | upajigamiṣorupagantumicchoḥ || te tava nīcaiḥ śanairvāsyati”

the dependency structure

वास्यति · क्रिया — will blow; and Mallinātha turns the intransitive transitive, त्वां वीजयिष्यति, ‘it will fan you’

वायुः · कर्ता — the wind; the subject that does not arrive until the last pāda, three pādas of description standing in front of it

शीतः · agreeing with वायुः — cool; the plainest word in a stanza whose first pāda has seven members, and it carries the point

त्वन्निष्यन्दोच्छ्वसितवसुधागन्धसम्पर्करम्यः · agreeing with वायुः — lovely with the smell of earth your rain has swelled, सुरभिः

पीयमानः · agreeing with वायुः — being drunk in; the same passive present as at 1.16

दन्तिभिः · करण / कर्तरि तृतीया — by the elephants, गजैः; दन्तिन्, ‘the tusked one’, the beast named by its tusks

स्रोतोरन्ध्रध्वनितसुभगम् · क्रियाविशेषण — pleasantly, with the sound in their nostrils; a neuter adverb of the drinking

परिणमयिता · agreeing with वायुः — the ripener, परिपाकयिता; an agent noun on the causative of √नम्

काननोदुम्बराणाम् · षष्ठी — of the wild figs in the woods, काननेषु वनेषु उदुम्बराणाम्

नीचैः · क्रियाविशेषण — low, softly, शनैः; the indeclinable that answers the उच्चैस् of 1.38

ते · सम्बन्धमात्रे षष्ठी — for you, a genitive of bare relation; not a possession but a plain ‘yours’

उपजिगमिषोः · agreeing with ते — of one wanting to go up to, उपगन्तुमिच्छोः; the desiderative of गम् with the affix उ

गिरिम् · कर्म of the desiderative — the mountain

देवपूर्वम् · agreeing with गिरिम् — with ‘Deva’ in front of it, Devagiri; पूर्व as ‘first in the word’, not in place

uncheckedMallinātha’s Sañjīvinī for the anvaya and the reading; the Telugu drawn from Vedam Venkataraya Sastri’s Āndhra Meghasandeśam and the Bālānandinī

A cool wind, lovely with the smell of earth your rain has swelled, drawn in by the elephants with a pleasant sound in their nostrils, the ripener of the wild figs in the woods, will blow low and soft for you as you make for the mountain called Devagiri.

uncheckedthe reader's reading, following Mallinātha's gloss

A cool wind, lovely with the smell of earth your rain has swelled, drawn in by the elephants with a pleasant sound in their nostrils, the ripener of the wild figs in the woods, will blow low and soft for you as you make for the mountain called Devagiri.

  • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.44, whole-verse gloss

No figure is named for this verse by the commentary this reading follows, so none is shown.