मेघदूतम् · कालिदास · 2.35

यक्षवधू · the eye that will throb when he comes near

रुद्धापाङ्गप्रसरमलकैरञ्जनस्नेहशून्यं

रु
द्धा
पा
ङ्ग
प्र
स
र
म
ल
कै
र
ञ्ज
न
स्ने
ह
शू
न्यं

प्रत्यादेशादपि च मधुनो विस्मृतभ्रूविलासम्

प्र
त्या
दे
शा
द
पि
च
म
धु
नो
वि
स्मृ
त
भ्रू
वि
ला
सम्

त्वय्यासन्ने नयनमुपरिस्पन्दि शङ्के मृगाक्ष्या

त्व
य्या
स
न्ने
न
य
न
मु
प
रि
स्प
न्दि
श
ङ्के
मृ
गा
क्ष्या

मीनक्षोभाच्चलकुवलयश्रीतुलामेष्यतीति

मी
न
क्षो
भा
च्च
ल
कु
व
ल
य
श्री
तु
ला
मे
ष्य
ती
ति

pāda a

  • रुguruthe conjunct द्ध that follows it
  • द्धाguruits long vowel आ
  • पाguruits long vowel आ
  • ङ्गguruthe conjunct प्र that follows it
  • प्रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • सlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • कैguruits long vowel ऐ
  • रguruthe conjunct ञ्ज that follows it
  • ञ्जlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नguruthe conjunct स्न that follows it
  • स्नेguruits long vowel ए
  • हlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • शूguruits long vowel ऊ
  • न्यंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • yati after 4 — a compound member ends here, inside रुद्धापाङ्गप्रसरम्
  • yati after 10 — it falls inside अलकैः

pāda b

  • प्रguruthe conjunct त्य that follows it
  • त्याguruits long vowel आ
  • देguruits long vowel ए
  • शाguruits long vowel आ
  • दlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • पिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • चlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • धुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नोguruits long vowel ओ
  • विguruthe conjunct स्म that follows it
  • स्मृlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तguruthe conjunct भ्र that follows it
  • भ्रूguruits long vowel ऊ
  • विlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लाguruits long vowel आ
  • सम्guruthe end of the pāda, which counts the last syllable heavy
  • yati after 4 — it falls inside प्रत्यादेशात्
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — मधुनो

pāda c

  • त्वguruthe conjunct य्य that follows it
  • य्याguruits long vowel आ
  • सguruthe conjunct न्न that follows it
  • न्नेguruits long vowel ए
  • नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • यlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • पlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रिguruthe conjunct स्प that follows it
  • स्पguruthe conjunct न्द that follows it
  • न्दिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • शguruthe conjunct ङ्क that follows it
  • ङ्केguruits long vowel ए
  • मृlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • गाguruits long vowel आ
  • क्ष्याguruits long vowel आ
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — त्वय्यासन्ने
  • yati after 10 — it falls inside the compound उपरिस्पन्दि

pāda d

  • मीguruits long vowel ई
  • नguruthe conjunct क्ष that follows it
  • क्षोguruits long vowel ओ
  • भाguruits long vowel आ
  • च्चlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • कुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • वlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • यguruthe conjunct श्र that follows it
  • श्रीguruits long vowel ई
  • तुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लाguruits long vowel आ
  • मेguruits long vowel ए
  • ष्यlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तीguruits long vowel ई
  • तिlaghuits short vowel — light on its own, though the pāda ends here
  • yati after 4 — it falls inside the compound मीनक्षोभात्
  • yati after 10 — it falls inside the compound चलकुवलयश्रीतुलाम्
  • रुद्धापाङ्गप्रसरम् + अलकैः → रुद्धापाङ्गप्रसरमलकैरञ्जनस्नेहशून्यं

    म् + अ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • अलकैः + अञ्जनस्नेहशून्यम् → रुद्धापाङ्गप्रसरमलकैरञ्जनस्नेहशून्यं

    ः + अ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • प्रत्यादेशात् + अपि → प्रत्यादेशादपि

    त् + अ

  • मधुनः + विस्मृतभ्रूविलासम् → मधुनो

    ः + व्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • त्वयि + आसन्ने → त्वय्यासन्ने

    इ + आ

  • नयनम् + उपरिस्पन्दि → नयनमुपरिस्पन्दि

    म् + उ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • मृगाक्ष्याः + मीनक्षोभात् → मृगाक्ष्या

    ः + म्

  • मीनक्षोभात् + चलकुवलयश्रीतुलाम् → मीनक्षोभाच्चलकुवलयश्रीतुलामेष्यतीति

    त् + च्

  • चलकुवलयश्रीतुलाम् + एष्यति → मीनक्षोभाच्चलकुवलयश्रीतुलामेष्यतीति

    म् + ए

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • एष्यति + इति → मीनक्षोभाच्चलकुवलयश्रीतुलामेष्यतीति

    इ + इ → ई

  • रुद्ध + अपाङ्ग → रुद्धापाङ्गप्रसरम्

    अ + अ → आ · falls inside the syllable द्धा

  • अपाङ्ग + प्रसर → रुद्धापाङ्गप्रसरम्

    अ + प्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • अञ्जन + स्नेह → अञ्जनस्नेहशून्यम्

    अ + स्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • स्नेह + शून्य → अञ्जनस्नेहशून्यम्

    अ + श्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • विस्मृत + भ्रू → विस्मृतभ्रूविलासम्

    अ + भ्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • भ्रू + विलास → विस्मृतभ्रूविलासम्

    ऊ + व्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • उपरि + स्पन्दिन् → उपरिस्पन्दि

    इ + स्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • मृग + अक्षि → मृगाक्ष्याः

    अ + अ → आ · falls inside the syllable गा

  • मीन + क्षोभ → मीनक्षोभात्

    अ + क्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • चल + कुवलय → चलकुवलयश्रीतुलाम्

    अ + क्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • कुवलय + श्री → चलकुवलयश्रीतुलाम्

    अ + श्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • श्री + तुला → चलकुवलयश्रीतुलाम्

    ई + त्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

अलकैः + अञ्जन- stands as र् before the voiced vowel — अलकैरञ्जन — the final स् having become रु by Pāṇini 8.2.66 ससजुषो रुः; प्रत्यादेशात् + अपि voices its त् to द् at the pada-end before the vowel by 8.2.39 झलां जशोऽन्ते — प्रत्यादेशादपि; मधुनः + विस्मृत- makes ओ before the voiced व् by 6.1.113 अतो रोरप्लुतादप्लुते — मधुनो विस्मृत. त्वयि + आसन्ने turns the इ to य् before the vowel by 6.1.77 इको यणचि — त्वय्यासन्ने — and एष्यति + इति lengthens to ई by 6.1.101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः — एष्यतीति. मीनक्षोभात् + चल- draws the final त् into the palatal class as च् before the च् by 8.4.40 स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः — मीनक्षोभाच्चल. And मृगाक्ष्याः loses its visarga before the voiced म् of मीनक्षोभात् — मृगाक्ष्या मीनक्षोभात् — the ordinary treatment of आः before a voiced consonant.

  • Chinnaya Sūri, Bālavyākaraṇam — సంధిపరిచ్ఛేదము; vendor/balavyakaranam-sandhi.txt
  • अलकैः तृतीया · instrumental — करण, the instrument or cause

  • प्रत्यादेशात् पञ्चमी · ablative — अपादान, the point of departure

  • मधुनः षष्ठी · genitive — u-stem neuter genitive, built with the नुम् augment

    मधुनः, 'of wine', is the genitive singular of मधु, a neuter ending in उ. A neuter stem ending in इक् — one of इ, उ, ऋ, ऌ — takes the augment नुम् (the न् heard in मधुन्-) before a case-ending that begins with a vowel, by Pāṇini 7.1.73 इकोऽचि विभक्तौ: so मधु + अस् becomes मधुन् + अस् = मधुनः, and the same न् shows in the other vowel-initial cases, मधुना, मधुने, मधुनि. Mallinātha settles the word's sense, which is not the form — मधु is honey, and spring, and any sweet thing, and he glosses it मद्यस्य, of liquor, so that the one mention of drink in the message is fixed as the thing she has given up.

    • Aṣṭādhyāyī — 7.1.73 इकोऽचि विभक्तौ
    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.35: madhuno madyasya pratyādeśāt
  • त्वयि सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location

  • आसन्ने सप्तमी · locative — √सद् + क्त, the participle's त् turned to न्

    आसन्ने, 'near', is the past participle of √सद्, to sit or settle, with आ, in the locative of a locative absolute. The न् is not the root's: √सद् + क्त gives सन्न by Pāṇini 8.2.42 रदाभ्यां निष्ठातो नः पूर्वस्य च दः, which turns the त् of a निष्ठा (the क्त/क्तवतु participle) into न् after a र् or a द्, and the preceding द् along with it — so सद् + त goes to स + न् + न. It is the third participle of this root in the canto, after प्रत्यासन्नौ at 2.18 and संनिषण्ण at 2.29. Mallinātha completes the absolute as a commentator does, by supplying सति: त्वय्यासन्ने सति, 'you being near'.

    • Aṣṭādhyāyī — 8.2.42 रदाभ्यां निष्ठातो नः पूर्वस्य च दः
    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.35: tvayy āsanne sati
  • नयनम् प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

    with रुद्धापाङ्गप्रसरम्, अञ्जनस्नेहशून्यम्, विस्मृतभ्रूविलासम्, उपरिस्पन्दि

  • मीनक्षोभात् पञ्चमी · ablative — अपादान, the point of departure

  • चलकुवलयश्रीतुलाम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

प्रकरण 1 · हलन्त्यम्

प्रकरण 2 · इको यणचि

प्रकरण 3 · स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः

प्रकरण 4 · वा शरि

प्रकरण 5 · अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्

प्रकरण 7 · अतोऽम्

प्रकरण 8 · हो ढः

प्रकरण 34 · ण्वुल्तृचौ

not in the abridgement

  • अ अ 8.4.68← आसन्ने; शङ्के; एष्यति

रुद्धापाङ्गप्रसरम्

रुद्ध · अपाङ्ग · प्रसर

  1. अपाङ्गयोः प्रसराः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the outward reach of the eye's two corners

  2. रुद्धाः अपाङ्गप्रसराः यस्य तत्, तत्

    बहुव्रीहि — of which the reach at the corners is blocked

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to नयनम्. with the corners of it blocked — Mallinātha unpacks it and puts the agent in: अलकै रुद्धाः अपाङ्गयोः प्रसराः यस्य तत्, that of which the outward reach at the two eye-corners is stopped **by the locks of hair**. अपाङ्ग is the outer corner of the eye, where a sidelong look goes; प्रसर is a running-out, the eye's own extension. **So what the hair blocks is not the sight but the glance** — the eye can still see, and it cannot look aside, which is what the corners are for. He adds the reason for all three of the stanza's epithets in one line: नयनस्य रुद्धापाङ्गप्रसरत्वादिकं विरहसमुत्पन्नमिति भावः, this and the rest of it comes out of the separation

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who unpacks अलकै रुद्धा अपाङ्गयोः प्रसरा यस्य तत्तथोक्तम् and adds नयनस्य रुद्धापाङ्गप्रसरत्वादिकं विरहसमुत्पन्नमिति भावः; DCS gives the members as रुध्, अपाङ्ग and प्रसर, marking the first a participle“alakai ruddhā apāṅgayoḥ prasarā yasya tat tathoktam”

अञ्जनस्नेहशून्यम्

अञ्जन · स्नेह · शून्य

  1. अञ्जनेन स्नेहः

    तत्पुरुष (instrumental) — the gloss that comes of collyrium

  2. अञ्जनस्नेहेन शून्यम्

    तत्पुरुष (instrumental) — empty of that gloss

तत्पुरुष — it agrees with नयनम्. with no shine of collyrium on it — Mallinātha reads स्नेह here as **oil and not affection**: अञ्जनेन स्नेहः स्नैग्ध्यं तेन शून्यम्, स्निग्धाञ्जनरहितमित्यर्थः, meaning *without the glossy collyrium*. **One stanza ago the same word meant love**: संभृतस्नेहम् at 2.34 is her mind with affection stored in it, and he glossed that सञ्चितानुरागम्. The two senses of स्नेह are one word doing what oil does, and the poem puts them two stanzas apart without a wink. It also belongs with the oil-less bath of 2.31: nothing is being put on this woman

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses अञ्जनेन स्नेहः स्नैग्ध्यं तेन शून्यम् । स्निग्धाञ्जनरहितमित्यर्थः — the transcription reads straigdhyaM for स्नैग्ध्यम् and puts a space inside स्निग्धाञ्जनरहितम्; DCS gives the members as अञ्जन, स्नेह and शून्य. The comparison with 2.34 and 2.31 is the reader's“añjanena snehaḥ snaigdhyaṃ tena śūnyam | snigdhāñjanarahitam ityarthaḥ”

विस्मृतभ्रूविलासम्

विस्मृत · भ्रू · विलास

  1. भ्रुवोः विलासः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the play of the two brows

  2. विस्मृतः भ्रूविलासो येन तत्, तत्

    बहुव्रीहि — by which the play of the brows has been forgotten

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to नयनम्. having forgotten how the brows move — Mallinātha glosses भ्रूविलासो भ्रूभङ्गः, the arching of the brow, which is the one gesture a Sanskrit poem gives a woman for flirtation and for anger alike. **The reason is in the pāda in front of it**: she has given up wine, and the brow's play is what wine puts into a face. It is the third of the stanza's three epithets and the only one that names a thing she no longer does rather than a thing no longer done to her

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who unpacks विस्मृतो भ्रूविलासो भ्रूभङ्गो येन तत्; DCS gives the members as विस्मृ, भ्रू and विलास, marking the first a participle“vismṛto bhrūvilāso bhrūbhaṅgo yena tat”

उपरिस्पन्दि

उपरि · स्पन्दिन्

  1. उपरि स्पन्दते इति उपरिस्पन्दि

    तत्पुरुष — which throbs in the upper part

तत्पुरुष — it agrees with नयनम्. throbbing above — Mallinātha gives the vigraha with the sense of उपरि spelt out: उपरि ऊर्ध्वभागे स्पन्दते स्फुरतीत्युपरिस्पन्दि, it quivers in the upper part. The last member is an agent adjective in णिनि, the sixth in the poem, and the first with an **indeclinable** in front of it rather than a case-form — Pāṇini 3.2.78 सुप्यजातौ णिनिस्ताच्छील्ये, the rule Mallinātha cited for क्लेशिन् at 2.31, wants a सुप्-ending word there, so this one stands on a different footing and he names no rule for it. **DCS splits उपरि off as a loose indeclinable**, which is the third such split in six stanzas after the स of साभ्रे at 2.30 and the आगण्ड of आगण्डलम्बम् at 2.31

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who gives उपर्यूर्ध्वभागे स्पन्दते स्फुरतीत्युपरिस्पन्दि; Pāṇini 3.2.78 by way of skt-data's sūtra corpus, named by him at 2.31 and not here; DCS tags उपरि `pos=i` and स्पन्दिन् as a separate adjective“uparyūrdhvabhāge spandate sphurantīty uparispandi”

मृगाक्ष्याः

मृग · अक्षि

  1. मृगस्य अक्षिणी इव अक्षिणी यस्याः सा, तस्याः

    बहुव्रीहि — she whose eyes are a doe's eyes

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to त्वत्सख्याः. of the doe-eyed one — the woman is never named in this stanza and Mallinātha writes her in, मृगाक्ष्यास्त्वत्सख्याः. **The word is built by two rules neither witness names.** A bahuvrīhi ending in अक्षि, an organ of the body, takes the ending षच् by Pāṇini 5.4.113 बहुव्रीहौ सक्थ्यक्ष्णोः स्वाङ्गात् षच्, which turns अक्षि into अक्ष; and because षच् is marked with ष्, the feminine is made with ङीष् by 4.1.41 षिद्गौरादिभ्यश्च, which gives मृगाक्षी. **DCS has the first step and not the second**: its lemma is अक्ष and its surface अक्षायाः, an ā-stem genitive that is not a form of this word. The doe's eye is the poem's standing comparison for a woman's, and 2.22 already gave the wife हरिणी eyes on the Ratirahasya's authority

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses मृगाक्ष्यास्त्वत्सख्याः; Pāṇini 5.4.113 and 4.1.41 by way of skt-data's sūtra corpus, neither named by him; DCS gives the members as मृग and अक्ष and its surface column reads अक्षायाः where the page prints मृगाक्ष्या“mṛgākṣyās tvatsakhyā nayanam | vāmam iti śeṣaḥ”

मीनक्षोभात्

मीन · क्षोभ

  1. मीनस्य क्षोभः, तस्मात्

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the disturbance a fish makes

तत्पुरुष. from the stir of a fish — Mallinātha glosses मीनचलनात्, from the fish's moving. **The ablative is a cause inside the comparison and not in the sentence**: the lotus trembles because a fish went under it, and the eye throbs because of an omen, and the two causes are what makes the two tremblings alike. Nothing in the stanza says a pool; the fish puts one there in two syllables

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses मीनक्षोभान्मीनचलनात् — the transcription puts a space inside मीनचलनात्; DCS gives the members as मीन and क्षोभ“mīnakṣobhān mīnacalanāt”

चलकुवलयश्रीतुलाम्

चल · कुवलय · श्री · तुला

  1. चलं कुवलयम्

    कर्मधारय — a blue lotus set moving

  2. चलकुवलयस्य श्रीः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the beauty of that moving lotus

  3. चलकुवलयश्रियः तुला, ताम्

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — a likeness to that beauty

तत्पुरुष. a match for the beauty of a stirring blue lotus — Mallinātha unpacks it word by word: चलस्य कुवलयस्य श्रियाः शोभायास्तुलां सादृश्यम्. **तुला is a balance**, the scale, so what the eye will *come to* is not a resemblance but a weighing that comes out even. And the thing it is weighed against is not a lotus but a lotus's beauty — the comparison is one degree removed, which is what lets a moving eye be like a moving flower without either of them being the other

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses चलस्य कुवलयस्य श्रियाः शोभायास्तुलां सादृश्यम्; DCS gives the members as चल, कुवलय and श्री with तुला as the head; the balance sense of तुला is from Monier-Williams“calasya kuvalayasya śriyāḥ śobhāyās tulāṃ sādṛśyam eṣyatīti śaṅke tarkayāmi”

  • a-stem neuter, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    रुद्धापाङ्गप्रसरम्

    printed रुद्धापाङ्गप्रसरमलकैरञ्जनस्नेहशून्यं

    प्रसर

    reach — the last member of a bahuvrīhi, taking the neuter nominative of नयनम्, the eye it describes. प्रसर is from प्र + √सृ, a running forward; it is the same root the poem made सारयन्तीम् from at 2.32, three stanzas back, where the hand was pushing a braid away

  • a-stem masculine, तृतीया बहुवचन instrumental plural

    अलकैः

    printed रुद्धापाङ्गप्रसरमलकैरञ्जनस्नेहशून्यं

    अलक

    by the locks of hair — an instrumental of means, and the only word in the first pāda outside the two compounds. **The same noun stood at 2.31 in the singular**, अलकम्, and Mallinātha explained the number there as जातावेकवचनम्, the singular used of a class, glossing it with a plural. Here the poet writes the plural himself, four stanzas later, of the same hair on the same head

  • a-stem neuter, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    अञ्जनस्नेहशून्यम्

    printed रुद्धापाङ्गप्रसरमलकैरञ्जनस्नेहशून्यं

    शून्य

    empty of — शून्य takes what it lacks in the third case, which is why the compound in front of it unpacks as an instrumental. It is the flat word: not *lacking* but *void*, the same शून्य as an empty house or a zero

    What the three epithets have in common is that they are all subtractions. No sidelong look, because the hair blocks the corner of the eye; no gloss of collyrium; no play of the brows, because there is no wine. Mallinātha gathers them in one line — नयनस्य रुद्धापाङ्गप्रसरत्वादिकं विरहसमुत्पन्नमिति भावः, all of it comes out of the separation — and then the fourth pāda gives back, in one image, everything the first three took away. And one word here means the opposite of what it meant one stanza ago: स्नेह in अञ्जनस्नेहशून्यम् is oil, glossed स्नैग्ध्यम्, glossiness, where at 2.34 the same word in संभृतस्नेहम् was affection, glossed अनुराग. It is the same word doing what oil does — storing, shining — set two stanzas apart without a comment.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.35: añjanena snehaḥ snaigdhyaṃ tena śūnyam | nayanasya ruddhāpāṅgaprasaratvādikaṃ virahasamutpannam iti bhāvaḥ
  • a-stem masculine, पञ्चमी एकवचन ablative singular

    प्रत्यादेशात्

    printed प्रत्यादेशादपि

    प्रत्यादेश

    from her refusal — an ablative of cause. Mallinātha glosses निराकरणात् and then, plainer still, परित्यागादित्यर्थः, meaning *from giving it up*, and quotes Amara for the word: प्रत्यादेशो निराकृतिः, pratyādeśa is a rejection. **The word is stronger than *not drinking***: प्रत्यादेश is what you do to a suitor or a petition, a formal turning-away, and it is being used of a cup of wine

  • अव्यय

    अपि

    printed प्रत्यादेशादपि

    अपि

    and further — here अपि is not the concessive *even* it was at 2.31 and 2.33 but a plain additive, which Mallinātha marks by glossing the pair अपि च with किं च, *what is more*. Two particles doing one job is how the pāda gets its extra syllable filled

  • अव्यय

    च

    च

    and — the second half of अपि च, which Mallinātha treats as one connective and replaces with one, किं च. It joins the third epithet to the two before it

  • u-stem neuter, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular

    मधुनः

    printed मधुनो

    मधु

    of wine — and it needed saying, because मधु is honey, and spring, and any sweet thing. Mallinātha settles it in one word: मद्यस्य, *of liquor*. **It is the only mention of drink in the message**, and it is there to be refused. The printed मधुनो is मधुनः before the voiced व् of विस्मृत-, by Pāṇini 6.1.113 अतो रोरप्लुतादप्लुते

    मधु needed saying, because it is honey, and spring, and any sweet thing; Mallinātha settles it in one word, मद्यस्य, of liquor. It is the only mention of drink in the whole message, and it is there to be refused: प्रत्यादेश, which he glosses निराकरणात् and then plainer, परित्यागात्, and props on Amara — प्रत्यादेशो निराकृतिः — is stronger than not-drinking. प्रत्यादेश is what you do to a suitor or a petition, a formal turning-away, and it is being used of a cup of wine. So the forgotten play of the brow, विस्मृतभ्रूविलासम्, is traced to a thing she has renounced, not a thing she has lost: the eye is dull because the woman has put the wine away.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.35: madhuno madyasya pratyādeśān nirākaraṇāt | parityāgād ityarthaḥ | “pratyādeśo nirākṛtiḥ” ity amaraḥ
  • a-stem neuter, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    विस्मृतभ्रूविलासम्

    विलास

    play — the last member of a bahuvrīhi, neuter with नयनम्, though विलास is a masculine noun on its own. Mallinātha glosses the pair भ्रूभङ्गः, the bend of the brow. **The first member of the compound is the root of विस्मरन्ती at 2.26**, where she was forgetting the notes of a song she had written herself; here what is forgotten is a movement of her own face

  • pronoun, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    त्वयि

    printed त्वय्यासन्ने

    युष्मद्

    you being — the first half of a locative absolute, the construction that puts a whole circumstance into two words. Mallinātha completes it in the way a commentator always does, by adding सति: त्वय्यासन्ने सति, *you being near*

  • √सद् + क्त, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    आसन्ने

    printed त्वय्यासन्ने

    आसन्न, from √सद् with आ and क्त

    near at hand — the other half of the absolute, and Mallinātha supplies the सति that would make it explicit. **The न् is not the root's**: √सद् + क्त gives सन्न by Pāṇini 8.2.42 रदाभ्यां निष्ठातो नः पूर्वस्य च दः, which turns the त् of the participle into न् after द् and the द् along with it. It is the third participle of this root in the canto, after प्रत्यासन्नौ at 2.18 and संनिषण्ण at 2.29, and the only one where nothing further happens to the स्

  • a-stem neuter, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    नयनम्

    printed नयनमुपरिस्पन्दि

    नयन

    her eye — the subject of एष्यति and the word all three of the stanza's epithets hang on. **Mallinātha supplies which eye**: वाममिति शेषः, *the left*, and quotes a verse for it — for women the left side is the fortunate one, in giving, in worship, in throbbing and in adornment, where for men it is the right. So the stanza's omen depends on a fact the poem never states

  • in-stem neuter, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    उपरिस्पन्दि

    printed नयनमुपरिस्पन्दि

    स्पन्दिन्, from √स्पन्द् with णिनि

    throbbing in its upper part — and the throb is an omen. **Mallinātha names the book it is read out of**: तथा च निमित्तनिदाने, and so in the *Nimittanidāna*, a manual of signs, which he then quotes — a quiver in the head foretells getting a parasol, on the forehead a silk turban, above the eye the gaining of what is wished, at the corner of the eye a loss. So *above* is the whole of it: the same eye quivering two fingers lower would mean the opposite. **The word is an agent adjective in णिनि and the sixth in the poem**, after भावि at 1.43, पूर्वार्धलम्बी at 1.53, स्यन्दिनः at 2.9, स्पर्धिनः at 2.13 and क्लेशिना at 2.31

  • √शङ्क्, class 1, लट्, atmanepada, first person singular

    शङ्के

    √शङ्क् of the first class

    I suspect — and **Mallinātha glosses it तर्कयामि, which is the word the poem itself used one stanza ago.** He glossed शङ्के the same way at 2.28; between the two the poet wrote तर्कयामि at 2.34; so the commentary anticipated the poem's word, the poem used it, and the commentary reached for it again. The stanza is a guess and says so, as 2.28 did and as the whole passage from 2.29 has been. **The form is middle** — √शङ्क् is ātmanepada throughout, so there is no active — and this is the eighth middle-voice verb in the poem

    The stanza is an omen, and Mallinātha names the book. तथा च निमित्तनिदाने — and so in the Nimittanidāna, a manual of signs — followed by a verse: a quiver in the head foretells a parasol, on the forehead a silk turban, above the eye the getting of what is wished, at the eye's corner a loss. So above is the whole of the prediction: the same eye quivering a little lower would mean the opposite, and the poem's उपरि is not a detail of the picture but the thing that makes it good news. And the verb of guessing has now gone round three times — शङ्के here, which he glosses तर्कयामि, the same gloss he gave it at 2.28, and तर्कयामि is the word the poet used at 2.34 in between: the commentary supplied the poem's next word, the poem took it, and the commentary reached for it again.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.35: eṣyatīti śaṅke tarkayāmi | tathā ca nimittanidāne — “spandān mūrdhni chatralābhaṃ … iṣṭaprāptiṃ dṛśor ūrdhvam apāṅge hānim ādiśet”
  • ī-stem feminine, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular

    मृगाक्ष्याः

    printed मृगाक्ष्या

    मृगाक्षी

    of the doe-eyed one — a genitive of possession hanging on नयनम्, and the only word for the woman in the stanza. Mallinātha replaces it at once with त्वत्सख्याः, *your friend's*, which is what he has done with every pronoun and epithet for her since 2.28. The visarga is lost before the म् of the next pāda, which is the ordinary treatment of आः before a voiced consonant

  • a-stem masculine, पञ्चमी एकवचन ablative singular

    मीनक्षोभात्

    printed मीनक्षोभाच्चलकुवलयश्रीतुलामेष्यतीति

    क्षोभ

    from the stirring — an ablative of cause, belonging inside the comparison. Its final त् becomes च् before the च् of चल-, by Pāṇini 8.4.40 स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः, which draws a dental into the palatal class after a palatal

  • ā-stem feminine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    चलकुवलयश्रीतुलाम्

    printed मीनक्षोभाच्चलकुवलयश्रीतुलामेष्यतीति

    तुला

    a match — the object of एष्यति, and तुलाम् एति is an idiom: *to come to a balance with*, to be equal to. Mallinātha glosses तुलां सादृश्यम्, a likeness. **The stanza's comparison is stated as a transaction rather than a picture** — the eye will *reach* an equality with something — which is the difference between this and the इव of 2.30

  • √इ, class 2, लृट्, parasmaipada, third person singular

    एष्यति

    printed मीनक्षोभाच्चलकुवलयश्रीतुलामेष्यतीति

    √इ of the second class

    will come to — the future, and the second future in three stanzas after मोचयिष्यति at 2.33. **Both are predictions about what the cloud's arrival will do**, one to the cloud and one to her eye. √इ is the barest root in the language, *go*, and with तुलाम् it means to arrive at an equality

  • अव्यय

    इति

    printed मीनक्षोभाच्चलकुवलयश्रीतुलामेष्यतीति

    इति

    — the close of what is suspected, and it is the last syllable of the stanza. **The verse ends with the quotation mark and the verb of suspecting stands in the middle of it**, so the guess is announced before it is finished, which is the order 2.31 used for a thought as well: the content first, इति after, and the verb somewhere else

अलकैः · रुद्धापाङ्गप्रसरम् · अञ्जनस्नेहशून्यम् · अपि · च · मधुनः · प्रत्यादेशात् · विस्मृतभ्रूविलासम् · त्वयि · आसन्ने · सति [supplied] · स्वकुशलवार्ताशंसि [supplied] · उपरिस्पन्दि · मृगाक्ष्याः · वामम् [supplied] · नयनम् · मीनक्षोभात् · चलकुवलयश्रीतुलाम् · एष्यति · इति · शङ्के

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, whose commentary runs as anvaya. **Three words have to be supplied and all three are his**, and two of them change what the stanza says. सति completes the locative absolute, त्वय्यासन्ने सति. स्वकुशलवार्ताशंसि he writes in for what the throbbing is doing — announcing tidings of her own good fortune — so the omen is given its content. And वामम्, *the left*, he supplies with a verse of authority behind it, since for a woman it is the left side that is auspicious: **the stanza does not say which eye and the reading turns on it**. What he moves is the first pāda's instrumental, अलकैः, to the front of the compound it belongs inside, and मधुनः प्रत्यादेशात् he keeps in the verse's own order“alakai ruddhā apāṅgayoḥ prasarā yasya tat tathoktam … api ca kiṃ ca madhuno madyasya pratyādeśān nirākaraṇāt … vismṛto bhrūvilāso bhrūbhaṅgo yena tat … tvayy āsanne sati | svakuśalavārtāśaṃsīti śeṣaḥ | uparyūrdhvabhāge spandate sphurantīty uparispandi … mṛgākṣyās tvatsakhyā nayanam | vāmam iti śeṣaḥ … mīnakṣobhān mīnacalanāc calasya kuvalayasya śriyāḥ śobhāyās tulāṃ sādṛśyam eṣyatīti śaṅke tarkayāmi”

the dependency structure

शङ्के · क्रिया — I suspect, तर्कयामि; the verb of guessing, and the frame the whole stanza is spoken inside. It is middle-voice — √शङ्क् is ātmanepada throughout, with no active — and Mallinātha glosses it तर्कयामि, the word the poet himself used one stanza back at 2.34. The predicted event, एष्यति, stands inside the quotation the इति at the stanza's end closes

एष्यति · क्रिया — will come to; the future she is suspected of, quoted. तुलाम् एति is an idiom, to come to a balance with, to be equal to — the second future in three stanzas about what the cloud's arrival will bring

नयनम् · कर्ता — her eye; the subject of एष्यति and the word all three epithets hang on

मृगाक्ष्याः · षष्ठी — of the doe-eyed one, त्वत्सख्याः; the only word for the woman in the stanza

वामम् · agreeing with नयनम् — the left; Mallinātha supplies it out of a verse of authority, since for a woman the left side is the auspicious one, and the omen turns on which eye it is

रुद्धापाङ्गप्रसरम् · agreeing with नयनम् — its reach at the corners blocked; the sidelong look is stopped, because the hair is in the way

अलकैः · करण — by the locks of hair; the plural the poet writes here, of the same hair the singular अलकम् stood for at 2.31

अञ्जनस्नेहशून्यम् · agreeing with नयनम् — empty of the gloss of collyrium, अञ्जनस्नैग्ध्येन शून्यम्; शून्य takes what it lacks in the third case

विस्मृतभ्रूविलासम् · agreeing with नयनम् — having forgotten the play of the brow, भ्रूभङ्गः; what is forgotten is a movement of her own face, from the same root as विस्मरन्ती at 2.26

अपि · — and further; here a plain additive, not the concessive even of 2.31, which Mallinātha marks by glossing अपि च with किं च

च · — and; the second half of अपि च, treated as one connective

प्रत्यादेशात् · हेतु — from her refusal, निराकरणात्, परित्यागात्; प्रत्यादेश is a formal turning-away, what one does to a suitor, used here of a cup of wine

मधुनः · षष्ठी — of wine, मद्यस्य; the only mention of drink in the message, and it is there to be refused

उपरिस्पन्दि · agreeing with नयनम् — throbbing in its upper part, and the throb is the omen — above the eye the Nimittanidāna reads the gaining of what is wished

स्वकुशलवार्ताशंसि · agreeing with नयनम् — announcing tidings of her own good fortune; the content of the omen, which Mallinātha writes in

चलकुवलयश्रीतुलाम् · कर्म — a match to the beauty of a trembling blue lotus, तुलां सादृश्यम्; the comparison stated as a transaction — the eye will reach an equality with it

मीनक्षोभात् · हेतु — from the stir of a fish, मीनचलनात्; the cause inside the comparison — a fish moves the lotus, the coming cloud moves the eye

त्वयि · the locative absolute — you being; the whole circumstance in which the eye will throb

आसन्ने · agreeing with त्वयि — near at hand; the other half of the absolute

सति · — being; the participle Mallinātha supplies to complete the absolute, त्वय्यासन्ने सति

इति · इतिकरण — the close of what is suspected, and the last syllable of the stanza; the guess is announced before it is finished, the verb of suspecting standing in the middle of it

uncheckedMallinātha’s Sañjīvinī for the anvaya and the reading, who supplies सति for the absolute, स्वकुशलवार्ताशंसि for the omen's content, and वामम् for which eye (with a verse on the auspicious side), names the Nimittanidāna for the throb, glosses शङ्के as तर्कयामि, मधुनः as मद्यस्य and प्रत्यादेश as a formal refusal out of Amara, and traces the eye's dullness to the separation; the Telugu drawn from Vedam Venkataraya Sastri’s Āndhra Meghasandeśam. The tree roots at शङ्के, the verb of suspecting, with the future एष्यति quoted inside it. The word मधुनः reaches 7.1.73 इकोऽचि विभक्तौ, the one rule this block adds to the library.

Her eye: the hair over it stops the look at the corners, there is no shine of collyrium on it, and it has forgotten how the brow moves, since she gave up wine. When you are near, I suspect, that eye of the doe-eyed one will throb in its upper lid and come to match the beauty of a blue lotus a fish has set trembling. **The stanza is an omen, and Mallinātha names the book.** तथा च निमित्तनिदाने — and so in the *Nimittanidāna*, a manual of signs — followed by a verse: a quiver in the head foretells a parasol, on the forehead a silk turban, above the eye the getting of what is wished, at the eye's corner a loss. **So *above* is the whole of the prediction**: the same eye quivering a little lower would mean the opposite, and the poem's उपरि is not a detail of the picture but the thing that makes it good news. He then supplies the content — स्वकुशलवार्ताशंसि, announcing tidings of her own good fortune. **And he supplies which eye, out of a second manual.** वाममिति शेषः, *the left*, with a verse behind it: for women the left side is the fortunate one and for men the right, in giving, in worship, in throbbing, in adornment. The poem says नयनम् and no more. **This is the fourth time the commentary has produced a non-poetic handbook and had the woman turn out to be following it** — the Sāmudrika on her teeth at 2.22, the śāstra on her dirty dress at 2.26, the ten states of love from 2.26 to 2.33, and now two books of omens in four lines. **What the epithets have in common is that they are all subtractions.** No sidelong look, because the hair is in the way; no collyrium; no play of the brows, because there is no wine. Mallinātha gathers them in one line — नयनस्य रुद्धापाङ्गप्रसरत्वादिकं विरहसमुत्पन्नमिति भावः, all of it comes out of the separation — and then the fourth pāda gives back, in one image, everything the first three took away. **One word here means the opposite of what it meant one stanza ago.** स्नेह in अञ्जनस्नेहशून्यम् is oil, and Mallinātha glosses it स्नैग्ध्यम्, glossiness; at 2.34 the same word in संभृतस्नेहम् was affection, and he glossed it अनुराग. The two senses are the same word doing what oil does, and the poem sets them two stanzas apart without a comment. **And the verb of guessing has now gone round three times.** शङ्के here, which Mallinātha glosses तर्कयामि — the same gloss he gave it at 2.28, and तर्कयामि is the word the poet himself used at 2.34, in between. The commentary supplied the poem's next word, the poem used it, and the commentary reached for it again. No figure is named, though the stanza ends on an explicit comparison: तुलाम् एष्यति, *will come to a balance with*, which states a likeness as a transaction rather than showing it.

uncheckedthe reader's reading, following Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī's gloss. His are: the vigraha of रुद्धापाङ्गप्रसरम् with अलकैः supplied into it, स्नैग्ध्यम् and स्निग्धाञ्जनरहितम् for अञ्जनस्नेहशून्यम्, किं च for अपि च, मद्यस्य for मधुनः and निराकरणात् with the Amara line for प्रत्यादेशात्, भ्रूभङ्गः for भ्रूविलासः, विरहसमुत्पन्नमिति भावः, सति and स्वकुशलवार्ताशंसि supplied, the vigraha of उपरिस्पन्दि, the Nimittanidāna verse, वामम् supplied with the verse on the left side, त्वत्सख्याः for मृगाक्ष्याः, मीनचलनात्, सादृश्यम् for तुलाम्, and तर्कयामि for शङ्के. That स्नेह means the opposite here of what it meant at 2.34, that all three epithets are subtractions, that अलक is plural here and singular at 2.31, and that the शङ्के–तर्कयामि gloss has gone round three times, are the reader's; the 2.28 and 2.34 places are checked against `vendor/meghaduta-sanjivini.itx` and `text.md`. The two quoted verses are read for what they are cited to prove and not construed; neither book can be checked, since neither is in this repository“tathā ca nimittanidāne — “spandān mūrdhni chatralābhaṃ lalāṭe paṭṭam aṃśukam | iṣṭaprāptiṃ dṛśor ūrdhvam apāṅge hānim ādiśet””

Her eye: the hair over it stops the look at the corners, there is no shine of collyrium on it, and it has forgotten how the brow moves, since she gave up wine. When you are near, I suspect, that left eye of the doe-eyed one will throb in its upper lid and come to match the beauty of a blue lotus a fish has set trembling. The stanza spends three pādas taking the life out of an eye and the fourth giving it back in a single omen: everything the separation subtracted, the arrival is read as about to restore, and the sign of it is a quiver on the auspicious side, above.

  • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.35, whole-verse gloss

No figure is named for this verse by the commentary this reading follows, so none is shown.