printलघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी — practise the grammar

मेघदूतम् · कालिदास · 1.52

कनखल · the Gaṅgā come down from the mountain

तस्माद्गच्छेरनुकनखलं शैलराजावतीर्णां

त
स्मा
द्ग
च्छे
र
नु
क
न
ख
लं
शै
ल
रा
जा
व
ती
र्णां

जह्नोः कन्यां सगरतनयस्वर्गसोपानपङ्क्तिम्

ज
ह्नोः
क
न्यां
स
ग
र
त
न
य
स्व
र्ग
सो
पा
न
प
ङ्क्तिम्

गौरीवक्त्रभ्रुकुटिरचनां या विहस्येव फेनैः

गौ
री
व
क्त्र
भ्रु
कु
टि
र
च
नां
या
वि
ह
स्ये
व
फे
नैः

शंभोः केशग्रहणमकरोदिन्दुलग्नोर्मिहस्ता

शं
भोः
के
श
ग्र
ह
ण
म
क
रो
दि
न्दु
ल
ग्नो
र्मि
ह
स्ता

pāda a

  • तguruthe conjunct स्म that follows it
  • स्माguruits long vowel आ
  • द्गguruthe conjunct च्छ that follows it
  • च्छेguruits long vowel ए
  • रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • कlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • खlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • शैguruits long vowel ऐ
  • लlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • राguruits long vowel आ
  • जाguruits long vowel आ
  • वlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तीguruits long vowel ई
  • र्णांguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • yati after 4 — it falls inside गच्छेः
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — तस्माद्गच्छेरनुकनखलं

pāda b

  • जguruthe conjunct ह्न that follows it
  • ह्नोःguruthe visarga it carries
  • कguruthe conjunct न्य that follows it
  • न्यांguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • सlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • गlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • यguruthe conjunct स्व that follows it
  • स्वguruthe conjunct र्ग that follows it
  • र्गlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • सोguruits long vowel ओ
  • पाguruits long vowel आ
  • नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • पguruthe conjunct ङ्क्त that follows it
  • ङ्क्तिम्guruthe end of the pāda, which counts the last syllable heavy
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — कन्यां
  • yati after 10 — a compound member ends here, inside सगरतनयस्वर्गसोपानपङ्क्तिम्

pāda c

  • गौguruits long vowel औ
  • रीguruits long vowel ई
  • वguruthe conjunct क्त्र that follows it
  • क्त्रguruthe conjunct भ्र that follows it
  • भ्रुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • कुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • टिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • चlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नांguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • याguruits long vowel आ
  • विlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • हguruthe conjunct स्य that follows it
  • स्येguruits long vowel ए
  • वlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • फेguruits long vowel ए
  • नैःguruthe visarga it carries
  • yati after 4 — a compound member ends here, inside गौरीवक्त्रभ्रुकुटिरचनाम्
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — गौरीवक्त्रभ्रुकुटिरचनां

pāda d

  • शंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • भोःguruthe visarga it carries
  • केguruits long vowel ए
  • शguruthe conjunct ग्र that follows it
  • ग्रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • हlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • णlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • कlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रोguruits long vowel ओ
  • दिguruthe conjunct न्द that follows it
  • न्दुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लguruthe conjunct ग्न that follows it
  • ग्नोguruits long vowel ओ
  • र्मिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • हguruthe conjunct स्त that follows it
  • स्ताguruits long vowel आ
  • yati after 4 — it falls inside the compound केशग्रहणम्
  • yati after 10 — it falls inside अकरोत्

  • तस्मात् + गच्छेः → तस्माद्गच्छेरनुकनखलं

    त् + ग्

  • गच्छेः + अनुकनखलम् → तस्माद्गच्छेरनुकनखलं

    ः + अ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • शैलराजावतीर्णाम् + जह्नोः → शैलराजावतीर्णां

    म् + ज्

  • कन्याम् + सगरतनयस्वर्गसोपानपङ्क्तिम् → कन्यां

    म् + स्

  • गौरीवक्त्रभ्रुकुटिरचनाम् + या → गौरीवक्त्रभ्रुकुटिरचनां

    म् + य्

  • विहस्य + इव → विहस्येव

    अ + इ → ए

  • शम्भोः + केशग्रहणम् → शंभोः

    ः + क्

  • केशग्रहणम् + अकरोत् → केशग्रहणमकरोदिन्दुलग्नोर्मिहस्ता

    म् + अ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • अकरोत् + इन्दुलग्नोर्मिहस्ता → केशग्रहणमकरोदिन्दुलग्नोर्मिहस्ता

    त् + इ

  • अनु + कनखल → अनुकनखलम्

    उ + क्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • शैल + राजन् → शैलराजावतीर्णाम्

    अ + र्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • राजन् + अवतीर्ण → शैलराजावतीर्णाम्

    न् + अ

  • सगर + तनय → सगरतनयस्वर्गसोपानपङ्क्तिम्

    अ + त्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • तनय + स्वर्ग → सगरतनयस्वर्गसोपानपङ्क्तिम्

    अ + स्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • स्वर्ग + सोपान → सगरतनयस्वर्गसोपानपङ्क्तिम्

    अ + स्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • सोपान + पङ्क्ति → सगरतनयस्वर्गसोपानपङ्क्तिम्

    अ + प्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • गौरी + वक्त्र → गौरीवक्त्रभ्रुकुटिरचनाम्

    ई + व्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • वक्त्र + भ्रुकुटि → गौरीवक्त्रभ्रुकुटिरचनाम्

    अ + भ्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • भ्रुकुटि + रचना → गौरीवक्त्रभ्रुकुटिरचनाम्

    इ + र्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • केश + ग्रहण → केशग्रहणम्

    अ + ग्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • इन्दु + लग्न → इन्दुलग्नोर्मिहस्ता

    उ + ल्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • लग्न + ऊर्मि → इन्दुलग्नोर्मिहस्ता

    अ + ऊ → ओ · falls inside the syllable ग्नो

  • ऊर्मि + हस्त → इन्दुलग्नोर्मिहस्ता

    इ + ह्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

The last two pādas print several words as one stretch each. तस्माद्गच्छेरनुकनखलं is तस्मात् + गच्छेः + अनुकनखलम्: the त् of तस्मात् voices to द् before the ग् of गच्छेः (Pāṇini 8.2.39), and the visarga of गच्छेः goes to र् before the vowel of अनु- (गच्छेर्). केशग्रहणमकरोदिन्दुलग्नोर्मिहस्ता joins केशग्रहणम् + अकरोत् + इन्दुलग्नोर्मिहस्ता: the म् of केशग्रहणम् is kept before the vowel of अकरोत्, and the त् of अकरोत् voices to द् before the vowel of इन्दु- (8.2.39). विहस्येव is विहस्य + इव, the अ and इ coalescing to ए by आद्गुणः (6.1.87). Elsewhere a word-final म् is held as अनुस्वार at a pāda's end — अनुकनखलं, शैलराजावतीर्णां, गौरीवक्त्रभ्रुकुटिरचनां — and शंभोः writes the म् of शम्- as अनुस्वार before भ्.

  • Chinnaya Sūri, Bālavyākaraṇam — సంధిపరిచ్ఛేదము; vendor/balavyakaranam-sandhi.txt

  • तस्मात् पञ्चमी · ablative — अपादान, the point of departure

  • जह्नोः षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word

  • कन्याम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

    with शैलराजावतीर्णाम्, सगरतनयस्वर्गसोपानपङ्क्तिम्

  • गौरीवक्त्रभ्रुकुटिरचनाम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

  • या प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

    with इन्दुलग्नोर्मिहस्ता

  • फेनैः तृतीया · instrumental — करण, the instrument or cause

  • शम्भोः षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word

  • केशग्रहणम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

प्रकरण 1 · हलन्त्यम्

प्रकरण 2 · इको यणचि

प्रकरण 3 · स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः

प्रकरण 4 · वा शरि

प्रकरण 5 · अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्

प्रकरण 7 · अतोऽम्

प्रकरण 8 · हो ढः

प्रकरण 11 · स्वरादिनिपातमव्ययम्

प्रकरण 12 · लः कर्मणि च भावे चाकर्मकेभ्यः

प्रकरण 13 · अदिप्रभृतिभ्यः शपः

प्रकरण 14 · जुहोत्यादिभ्यः श्लुः

प्रकरण 16 · स्वादिभ्यः श्नुः

प्रकरण 17 · तुदादिभ्यः शः

प्रकरण 34 · ण्वुल्तृचौ

प्रकरण 36 · तुमुन्ण्वुलौ क्रियायां क्रियार्थायाम्

प्रकरण 48 · शेषे

प्रकरण 60 · स्त्रियाम्

not in the abridgement

  • अ अ 8.4.68← गच्छेः; शैलराजावतीर्णाम्; विहस्य; अकरोत्

अनुकनखलम्

अनु · कनखल

  1. कनखलस्य समीपे

    अव्ययीभाव — near Kanakhala

अव्ययीभाव. past Kanakhala — Mallinātha glosses it कनखलस्याद्रेः समीपे, 'near the hill of Kanakhala', and names the rule: अनुर्यत्समया, Pāṇini 2.1.15, by which अनु compounds with the word whose nearness it marks and the result is an अव्ययीभाव — a compound that has stopped declining and stands in for a case ending. The same अनु made अनुकच्छम् at 1.21, and there Mallinātha cited the general rule for an indeclinable standing in for a case; here he cites the one written for अनु alone

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, naming the rule; its number 2.1.15 from skt-mcp“kanakhalasyādreḥ samīpe'nukanakhalam || “anuryatsamayā” ityavyayībhāvaḥ”

शैलराजावतीर्णाम्

शैल · राजन् · अवतीर्ण

  1. शैलानां राजा

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the king of mountains

  2. शैलराजात् अवतीर्णा, ताम्

    तत्पुरुष (ablative) — come down from him

तत्पुरुष — it agrees with कन्याम्. come down from the king of mountains — and Mallinātha names him, हिमवतः: the Himālaya. The first member of the compound stands in the ablative when it is undone, because अवतीर्ण is 'descended', and what a descent needs is a place to descend from. The river's whole history is in the participle: she fell from the sky, was caught in Śiva's hair, and came down the mountain

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who names the mountain“śailarājāddhimavato'vatīrṇāṃ”

सगरतनयस्वर्गसोपानपङ्क्तिम्

सगर · तनय · स्वर्ग · सोपान · पङ्क्ति

  1. सगरस्य तनयाः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the sons of Sagara

  2. स्वर्गस्य सोपानानि

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the stairs up to heaven

  3. सोपानानां पङ्क्तिः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — a flight of them

  4. सगरतनयानां स्वर्गसोपानपङ्क्तिः, ताम्

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — that flight, and it was theirs

तत्पुरुष — it agrees with कन्याम्. the stairway to heaven for Sagara's sons — and Mallinātha turns the picture back into a statement before letting it stand: स्वर्गप्राप्तिसाधनभूताम्, 'being the means of their reaching heaven'. The sixty thousand sons of Sagara were burnt to ash by a sage's anger, and could not go up until the Gaṅgā was brought down to wash the ash. So the river is called a staircase because it is one going the other way: it came down so that they could go up

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who restates the image as its sense“sagaratanayānāṃ svargasopānapaṅk[t]im | svargaprāptisādhanabhūtāmityarthaḥ”

गौरीवक्त्रभ्रुकुटिरचनाम्

गौरी · वक्त्र · भ्रुकुटि · रचना

  1. गौर्याः वक्त्रम्

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — Gaurī's face

  2. गौरीवक्त्रे भ्रुकुटिः

    तत्पुरुष (locative) — the frown on that face

  3. भ्रुकुटेः रचना, ताम्

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the making of that frown

तत्पुरुष. the frown built on Gaurī's face — Mallinātha keeps the middle relation locative, गौर्या वक्त्रे या भ्रुकुटिरचना, so the frown is on the face rather than the face's. Then he says what put it there: सापत्न्यरोषात्, 'out of a co-wife's anger'. Gaurī is Śiva's wife and the Gaṅgā is in his hair, which makes the two of them rivals, and this whole stanza is a domestic quarrel among gods. रचना is a construction, a thing arranged: not a frown that happened but one that was assembled

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who supplies the jealousy“gauryā vaktre yā bhrukuṭiracanā sāpatnyaroṣād bhrūbhaṅgakaraṇaṃ tāṃ”

केशग्रहणम्

केश · ग्रहण

  1. केशानां ग्रहणम्

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — a seizing of the hair

तत्पुरुष. seizing him by the hair — the same ग्रहण that at 1.46 was a mountain catching a sound. Here it is a hand closing on hair, and it is not a blow but a claim: Mallinātha's paraphrase is of a bold woman who cannot bear a rival and drags her husband about by the hair, jewel and all, to show whose he is

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who supplies the comparison“śambhoḥ keśagrahaṇamakarot | yathā kācitprauḍhā nāyikā sapatnīmasahamānā svavāllabhyaṃ prakaṭayantī svabhartāraṃ saha śiroratnena keśeṣvākarṣati tadvaditi bhāvaḥ”

इन्दुलग्नोर्मिहस्ता

इन्दु · लग्न · ऊर्मि · हस्त

  1. इन्दौ लग्नाः ऊर्मयः

    तत्पुरुष (locative) — waves caught on the moon

  2. इन्दुलग्नाः ऊर्मयः एव हस्ताः

    कर्मधारय — those waves, and they are hands

  3. इन्दुलग्नोर्मिहस्ताः यस्याः सा

    बहुव्रीहि — she whose hands they are

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to या. her wave-hands laid on the moon — and Mallinātha says which moon: इन्दौ शिरोमाणिक्यभूते, 'the moon that has become the jewel of his crest'. So the waves do not reach for the sky; they reach for the ornament in Śiva's hair, which is what a woman's hand would go for. The compound is what makes the seizing possible — the river needs hands, and the middle relation gives her some

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who identifies the moon as the crest-jewel“indau śiromāṇikyabhūte lagnā ūrmaya eva hastā yasyāḥ sendulagnormihastā satī”

  • pronoun, पञ्चमी एकवचन ablative singular

    तस्मात्

    printed तस्माद्गच्छेरनुकनखलं

    तद्

    from there — glossed कुरुक्षेत्रात्, from Kurukṣetra. The ablative is a place left rather than a reason given, which is what the same form usually is; the stanza before ended a story, and this one starts a journey again

  • √गम्, class 1, विधिलिङ्, parasmaipada, second person singular

    गच्छेः

    printed तस्माद्गच्छेरनुकनखलं

    √गम्

    you should go — and Mallinātha does two things with it. He glosses it with a plain imperative, गच्छ, and then names what the optative is doing here: विध्यर्थे लिङ्, 'the लिङ् in the sense of an injunction'. So the polite mood is an order after all. The same form stood at 1.20

    गच्छेः, “you should go,” is an optative (विधिलिङ्), and Mallinātha does two things with it. He glosses it with a plain imperative, गच्छ, and then names the force the mood carries here: विध्यर्थे लिङ्, “the लिङ् in the sense of an injunction.” So the polite mood is an order after all — the yakṣa is directing the cloud along its road. The verb governs the accusative कन्याम्, “the daughter [of Jahnu],” which Mallinātha at once names जाह्नवीम्, the Gaṅgā: the cloud is to go to the river, not merely toward her. The same form stood at 1.20.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.52: kanyāṃ jāhnavīṃ gaccher gaccha | vidhyarthe liṅ

  • अव्ययीभाव

    अनुकनखलम्

    printed तस्माद्गच्छेरनुकनखलं

    अनुकनखलम्

    past Kanakhala — a compound that has become an indeclinable, standing in for a locative. Kanakhala is the hill by Haridvāra where the Gaṅgā comes out onto the plain, and the word says the cloud is to keep it beside him rather than go to it

    अनुकनखलम्, “past Kanakhala,” is an अव्ययीभाव — a compound of अनु with a noun that has stopped declining and stands in for a case ending. Mallinātha glosses कनखलस्याद्रेः समीपे, “near the hill of Kanakhala,” and names the rule that makes it: अनुर्यत्समया (Pāṇini 2.1.15), the sūtra written for अनु alone, by which अनु compounds with the word whose nearness it marks. Kanakhala is the hill by Haridvāra where the Gaṅgā comes out onto the plain, and the indeclinable says the cloud is to keep it beside him rather than turn aside to it. The same अनु made अनुकच्छम् at 1.21.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.52: kanakhalasyādreḥ samīpe'nukanakhalam “anuryatsamayā” ityavyayībhāvaḥ

  • √तॄ + क्त, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    शैलराजावतीर्णाम्

    printed शैलराजावतीर्णां

    अवतीर्णा, from अव + √तॄ

    come down — the same √तॄ that made उत्तीर्य at 1.49, where it was crossing water; with अव it is coming down off a height. A past participle used as an epithet, and it is the standard word for a god's descent into the world

  • u-stem masculine, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular

    जह्नोः

    जह्नु

    of Jahnu — glossed जह्नोर्नाम राज्ञः, 'of a king by the name of Jahnu'. He drank the river when it flooded his sacrifice and let it out again by his ear, so it is his daughter by a second birth. The whole of that story is carried by one genitive

  • ā-stem feminine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    कन्याम्

    printed कन्यां

    कन्या

    daughter — and Mallinātha replaces the two words with the one name they make, जाह्नवीम्. That name is the river's, so the periphrasis is not a riddle: any reader knows whose daughter is meant, and the point of spelling it out is to put the king in the line

  • i-stem feminine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    सगरतनयस्वर्गसोपानपङ्क्तिम्

    पङ्क्ति

    a row — the word for things set in a line, and of steps it is a flight. It is the same पङ्क्ति that names a five-syllable metre, because a metre is a row too

  • ā-stem feminine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    गौरीवक्त्रभ्रुकुटिरचनाम्

    printed गौरीवक्त्रभ्रुकुटिरचनां

    रचना

    an arranging — the noun from √रच्, to put together, used of anything composed: a hairstyle, a poem, a frown. Mallinātha's gloss keeps the making in it, भ्रूभङ्गकरणम्, 'the doing of a bending of the brows'. It is the object of विहस्य: what the river laughs at is not the face but the frown put on it

    गौरीवक्त्रभ्रुकुटिरचनाम्, “the frown built on Gaurī's face,” is the object of विहस्य, and it hides a small domestic quarrel among gods. Mallinātha keeps the middle join locative — गौर्या वक्त्रे या भ्रुकुटिरचना, “the frown-making that is on Gaurī's face,” not the face's frown — and then supplies why it is there: सापत्न्यरोषात्, “out of a co-wife's anger.” Gaurī is Śiva's wife and the Gaṅgā sits in his hair, which makes the two of them rivals; रचना, from √रच्, is a thing put together, so the frown is not one that happened but one that was assembled. What the river laughs at is this made frown, not the face.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.52: gauryā vaktre yā bhrukuṭiracanā sāpatnyaroṣād bhrūbhaṅgakaraṇaṃ tāṃ

  • pronoun, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    या

    यद्

    who — and Mallinātha names her at once, या जाह्नवी. The relative opens the half of the stanza that is a story rather than a direction: the first two pādas say where to go, and this one says what happened there once

  • √हस् + ल्यप्

    विहस्य

    printed विहस्येव

    विहस्य, from वि + √हस्

    having laughed at — glossed अवहस्य, having laughed down. Both prefixes turn plain laughter into laughter at somebody's expense, and the object of it is the rival's frown. The absolutive puts the mockery before the grab: she laughs first, then takes hold

  • अव्यय

    इव

    printed विहस्येव

    इव

    as though — and here Mallinātha names a figure on it, as he did at 1.48 and did not at 1.50. The difference is what the word is attached to: the foam is not being compared to laughter, it is being imagined as laughter, and the reason given is that both are white

    इव, “as though,” carries a figure, and Mallinātha names it: धावल्यात्फेनानां हासत्वेनोत्प्रेक्षा — “the fancy (उत्प्रेक्षा) is of the foam as laughter, because of its whiteness.” उत्प्रेक्षा is the figure of fancy: one thing is imagined as being another, and the imagining is marked as an imagining — here by इव — rather than asserted. The foam is not compared to laughter but imagined as laughter, and the single ground is the shared white. It is the second time in five stanzas Mallinātha names उत्प्रेक्षा on an इव, while the same word at 1.50 carried no figure at all.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.52: dhāvalyātphenānāṃ hāsatvenotprekṣā

  • a-stem masculine, तृतीया बहुवचन instrumental plural

    फेनैः

    फेन

    with her foam — the instrumental of what she laughs with, which is the join the whole fancy hangs on: laughter needs an instrument as little as a river needs a mouth, and putting the two together is the figure. The plural counts the flecks

  • u-stem masculine, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular

    शम्भोः

    printed शंभोः

    शम्भु

    of Śambhu — Śiva named as the one who brings about well-being, शम् + भू. The genitive belongs to केशग्रहणम्: it is his hair. The name is the mildest of his, and it stands in the line where he is being pulled about

  • a-stem neuter, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    केशग्रहणम्

    printed केशग्रहणमकरोदिन्दुलग्नोर्मिहस्ता

    ग्रहण

    a seizing — the noun from √ग्रह्, and the object of अकरोत्. Sanskrit says 'made a seizing of the hair' where English says 'seized him by the hair', and the noun is where the action lives

  • √कृ, class 8, लङ्, parasmaipada, third person singular

    अकरोत्

    printed केशग्रहणमकरोदिन्दुलग्नोर्मिहस्ता

    √कृ

    did — the imperfect, the tense of a thing that happened once and is over, as अभ्यवर्षत् was at 1.50. Both stanzas of this stretch that tell a story out of the past use it, and both put it in the last pāda

  • ā-stem feminine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    इन्दुलग्नोर्मिहस्ता

    printed केशग्रहणमकरोदिन्दुलग्नोर्मिहस्ता

    हस्ता, the feminine the bahuvrīhi gives to हस्त

    hand — masculine as a noun, feminine here because the river is, which is the same shift that showed on the page at 1.51 in अभिमतरसाम्. Mallinātha adds सती to the compound in his gloss, 'being so', which makes it the circumstance of the seizing rather than a description of her: it was by having wave-hands on the moon that she could take hold at all. The word is an a-stem masculine as a noun, and takes the feminine ā inside the bahuvrīhi

तस्मात् · अनुकनखलम् · शैलराजावतीर्णाम् · सगरतनयस्वर्गसोपानपङ्क्तिम् · जह्नोः · कन्याम् · गच्छेः · या · गौरीवक्त्रभ्रुकुटिरचनाम् · फेनैः · विहस्य · इव · इन्दुलग्नोर्मिहस्ता · शम्भोः · केशग्रहणम् · अकरोत्

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, whose commentary is written as anvaya and takes the relative clause as a second sentence“tasmātkurukṣetrātkanakhalasyādreḥ samīpe'nukanakhalam || … śailarājāddhimavato'vatīrṇāṃ sagaratanayānāṃ svargasopānapaṅk[t]im | … jahnornāma rājñaḥ kanyāṃ jāhnavīṃ gaccher gaccha || … yā jāhnavī gauryā vaktre yā bhrukuṭiracanā … tāṃ phenairvihasyāvahasyeva || … indulagnormihastā satī śambhoḥ keśagrahaṇamakarot”

the dependency structure

गच्छेः · क्रिया — you should go; the optative (विधिलिङ्) Mallinātha reads as an injunction, विध्यर्थे लिङ्, glossing it with the plain imperative गच्छ

तस्मात् · अपादान — from there, कुरुक्षेत्रात्; the ablative of the place left behind as the journey starts up again

अनुकनखलम् · क्रियाविशेषण — past Kanakhala; an अव्ययीभाव standing in for a locative, कनखलस्य समीपे

कन्याम् · कर्म — to the daughter [of Jahnu], whom Mallinātha at once names जाह्नवीम्, the Gaṅgā

जह्नोः · षष्ठी — of Jahnu, जह्नोर्नाम राज्ञः; the king who drank the flood and let the river out by his ear

शैलराजावतीर्णाम् · agreeing with कन्याम् — come down from the king of mountains, शैलराजाद्धिमवतोऽवतीर्णाम्

सगरतनयस्वर्गसोपानपङ्क्तिम् · agreeing with कन्याम् — the flight of stairs to heaven for Sagara's sons, स्वर्गप्राप्तिसाधनभूताम्

अकरोत् · क्रिया — did, made; the imperfect (लङ्) of a thing done once and over, opening the relative clause Mallinātha takes as a second sentence

या · कर्ता — who, या जाह्नवी; the relative that points back to the daughter and turns this pāda into a story

इन्दुलग्नोर्मिहस्ता · बहुव्रीहि agreeing with या — she whose wave-hands are laid on the moon, with सती making it the circumstance of the seizing rather than a mere epithet

केशग्रहणम् · कर्म — a seizing of the hair; the action-noun from √ग्रह् that names what she did

शम्भोः · षष्ठी — of Śambhu; whose hair it is

विहस्य · having laughed at — the absolutive (ल्यप्), the mockery done before the grab, glossed अवहस्य

गौरीवक्त्रभ्रुकुटिरचनाम् · कर्म of विहस्य — the frown built on Gaurī's face, out of a co-wife's anger, सापत्न्यरोषात्

फेनैः · करण तृतीया — with her foam; the instrument the whole fancy hangs on

इव · as though — the particle that carries the उत्प्रेक्षा, the foam imagined as laughter

uncheckedMallinātha’s Sañjīvinī for the anvaya and the reading; the Telugu drawn from Vedam Venkataraya Sastri’s Āndhra Meghasandeśam and the Bālānandinī

From there go on past Kanakhala, to Jahnu's daughter come down from the king of mountains — the flight of stairs that took Sagara's sons to heaven — who laid her wave-hands on the moon in Śambhu's hair and took him by it, laughing with her foam, as it were, at the frown built on Gaurī's face.

uncheckedthe reader's reading, following Mallinātha's gloss

From there go on past Kanakhala, to Jahnu's daughter come down from the king of mountains — the flight of stairs that took Sagara's sons to heaven — who laid her wave-hands on the moon in Śambhu's hair and took him by it, laughing with her foam, as it were, at the frown built on Gaurī's face.

  • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.52, whole-verse gloss

उत्प्रेक्षा — The figure of fancy: one thing is imagined as being another, and the imagining is marked as an imagining rather than asserted — here by इव.

Mallinātha states it in five words and gives the ground in one: धावल्यात्फेनानां हासत्वेनोत्प्रेक्षा, 'the fancy is of the foam as laughter, because of its whiteness'. So the figure rests on a single shared property, and he names it rather than leaving it to be felt. This is the second time in five stanzas he names उत्प्रेक्षा on an इव, and at 1.50 the same word carried no figure at all — which is the position he argued for at 1.48 against the Niruktakāra, put into practice three times running.

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī“dhāvalyātphenānāṃ hāsatvenotprekṣā”