अबलाविप्रयुक्तः
अबला · विप्रयुक्त
अबलया विप्रयुक्तः
तत्पुरुष (instrumental) — parted from his wife
तत्पुरुष — it agrees with सः. parted from the woman
uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī“abalāviprayuktaḥ kāntāvirahī”
मेघदूतम् · कालिदास · 1.2
रामगिरि · the first cloud
तस्मिन्नद्रौ कतिचिदबलाविप्रयुक्तः स कामी
नीत्वा मासान् कनकवलयभ्रंशरिक्तप्रकोष्ठः
आषाढस्य प्रथमदिवसे मेघमाश्लिष्टसानुं
वप्रक्रीडापरिणतगजप्रेक्षणीयं ददर्श
pāda a
pāda b
pāda c
pāda d
तस्मिन् + अद्रौ → तस्मिन्नद्रौ
न् + अ
कतिचित् + अबलाविप्रयुक्तः → कतिचिदबलाविप्रयुक्तः
त् + अ
सः + कामी → स
ः + क्
मेघम् + आश्लिष्टसानुम् → मेघमाश्लिष्टसानुं
म् + आ
no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change
वप्रक्रीडापरिणतगजप्रेक्षणीयम् + ददर्श → वप्रक्रीडापरिणतगजप्रेक्षणीयं
म् + द्
अबला + विप्रयुक्त → अबलाविप्रयुक्तः
आ + व्
no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change
कनक + वलय → कनकवलयभ्रंशरिक्तप्रकोष्ठः
अ + व्
no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change
वलय + भ्रंश → कनकवलयभ्रंशरिक्तप्रकोष्ठः
अ + भ्
no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change
भ्रंश + रिक्त → कनकवलयभ्रंशरिक्तप्रकोष्ठः
अ + र्
no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change
रिक्त + प्रकोष्ठ → कनकवलयभ्रंशरिक्तप्रकोष्ठः
अ + प्
no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change
प्रथम + दिवस → प्रथमदिवसे
अ + द्
no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change
आश्लिष्ट + सानु → आश्लिष्टसानुम्
अ + स्
no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change
वप्र + क्रीडा → वप्रक्रीडापरिणतगजप्रेक्षणीयम्
अ + क्
no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change
क्रीडा + परिणत → वप्रक्रीडापरिणतगजप्रेक्षणीयम्
आ + प्
no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change
परिणत + गज → वप्रक्रीडापरिणतगजप्रेक्षणीयम्
अ + ग्
no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change
गज + प्रेक्षणीय → वप्रक्रीडापरिणतगजप्रेक्षणीयम्
अ + प्
no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change
Most of the joining here happens inside the compounds — कनक + वलय, वप्र + क्रीडा. The join to notice between words is तस्मिन् + अद्रौ, printed तस्मिन्नद्रौ: a final न् after a short vowel doubles before a following vowel, so one न् becomes two.
तस्मिन् सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location
अद्रौ सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location
सः प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent
with अबलाविप्रयुक्तः, कनकवलयभ्रंशरिक्तप्रकोष्ठः
कामी प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent
मासान् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object
आषाढस्य षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word
प्रथमदिवसे सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location
मेघम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object
with आश्लिष्टसानुम्, वप्रक्रीडापरिणतगजप्रेक्षणीयम्
प्रकरण 1 · हलन्त्यम्
प्रकरण 2 · इको यणचि
प्रकरण 3 · स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः
प्रकरण 4 · वा शरि
प्रकरण 5 · अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्
प्रकरण 8 · हो ढः
प्रकरण 11 · स्वरादिनिपातमव्ययम्
प्रकरण 12 · लः कर्मणि च भावे चाकर्मकेभ्यः
प्रकरण 33 · धातोः
प्रकरण 34 · ण्वुल्तृचौ
प्रकरण 36 · तुमुन्ण्वुलौ क्रियायां क्रियार्थायाम्
प्रकरण 48 · शेषे
not in the abridgement
अबलाविप्रयुक्तः
अबला · विप्रयुक्त
अबलया विप्रयुक्तः
तत्पुरुष (instrumental) — parted from his wife
तत्पुरुष — it agrees with सः. parted from the woman
uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī“abalāviprayuktaḥ kāntāvirahī”
कनकवलयभ्रंशरिक्तप्रकोष्ठः
कनक · वलय · भ्रंश · रिक्त · प्रकोष्ठ
कनकस्य वलयः
तत्पुरुष (genitive) — a bracelet of gold
वलयस्य भ्रंशः
तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the slipping of that bracelet
भ्रंशेन रिक्तः
तत्पुरुष (instrumental) — left bare by that slipping
रिक्तः प्रकोष्ठः यस्य सः
बहुव्रीहि — [the man] whose forearm was left bare
बहुव्रीहि — it refers to सः. his forearm bare where the gold bracelet had slipped off it — he had grown too thin to hold it
uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī“tasya bhraṃśena pātena riktaḥ śūnyaḥ prakoṣṭhaḥ … yasya sa tathoktaḥ”
प्रथमदिवसे
प्रथम · दिवस
प्रथमः दिवसः
कर्मधारय — the first day
कर्मधारय. on the first day
uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī
आश्लिष्टसानुम्
आश्लिष्ट · सानु
आश्लिष्टं सानु येन तम्
बहुव्रीहि — [the cloud] by which the peak was embraced
बहुव्रीहि — it refers to मेघम्. holding the mountain’s ridge in its arms
uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī“āśliṣṭasānumākrāntakūṭam”
वप्रक्रीडापरिणतगजप्रेक्षणीयम्
वप्र · क्रीडा · परिणत · गज · प्रेक्षणीय
वप्रे क्रीडा
तत्पुरुष (locative) — play at an earth-bank — butting it
वप्रक्रीडायां परिणतः
तत्पुरुष (locative) — bent low in that play, striking sideways with the tusks
परिणतः गजः
कर्मधारय — an elephant so bent
गजः इव प्रेक्षणीयः
कर्मधारय, with a middle word dropped — worth watching as that elephant is — with the "as" dropped inside the compound
कर्मधारय — it agrees with मेघम्. as worth watching as an elephant lowering its head to butt at a bank
uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī“vaprakrīḍā utkhātakelayaḥ … gajaprekṣaṇīyamityatrevalopāluptopamā”
pronoun, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular
तस्मिन्
printed तस्मिन्नद्रौ
तद्
on that — the mountain of the verse before
i-stem masculine, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular
अद्रौ
printed तस्मिन्नद्रौ
अद्रि
on the mountain, which Mallinātha names as Citrakūṭa
कति with the particle चित्
कतिचित्
printed कतिचिदबलाविप्रयुक्तः
कतिचित्
some — of the months, and Mallinātha counts them eight, since the poem later gives him four more
√युज् + क्त, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular
अबलाविप्रयुक्तः
printed कतिचिदबलाविप्रयुक्तः
विप्रयुक्त, from वि + प्र + √युज्
parted — from his wife, the compound says
pronoun, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular
सः
printed स
तद्
he
in-stem masculine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular
कामी
कामिन्
in love, and so wanting — an in-stem, "having desire"
√नी + क्त्वा
नीत्वा
नीत्वा, from √नी
having passed [them] — Mallinātha glosses it "having made [them] go by"
a-stem masculine, द्वितीया बहुवचन accusative plural
मासान्
मास
months — the accusative of time passed through
√नी takes its accusative for the time it leads across: कतिचित् मासान् नीत्वा, having led some months by. The accusative is the plain object of नीत्वा, the stretch spent. Mallinātha counts the months eight, since the poem gives the yakṣa four more before his year of exile is out.
a-stem masculine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular
कनकवलयभ्रंशरिक्तप्रकोष्ठः
प्रकोष्ठ
forearm — the part below the elbow, and here the whole compound describes him
A four-relation bahuvrīhi that measures his grief by his wrist. कनकस्य वलयः, a gold bracelet; वलयस्य भ्रंशः, its slipping; भ्रंशेन रिक्तः, bare from that slipping; and the whole रिक्तः प्रकोष्ठः यस्य सः, the man whose forearm was left bare — he had wasted so thin the bracelet would no longer stay on. It describes सः.
a-stem masculine, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular
आषाढस्य
आषाढ
of Āṣāḍha — the month the rains begin in, June into July
a-stem masculine, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular
प्रथमदिवसे
दिवस
on the day
a-stem masculine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular
मेघम्
printed मेघमाश्लिष्टसानुं
मेघ
a cloud
u-stem masculine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular
आश्लिष्टसानुम्
printed मेघमाश्लिष्टसानुं
सानु
peak, ridge — the compound makes it the cloud that has the peak in its arms
A bahuvrīhi describing the cloud: आश्लिष्टं सानु येन तम्, the one by which the mountain’s ridge was embraced. The cloud arrives with its arms already round the peak.
√प्रेक्ष् + अनीय, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular
वप्रक्रीडापरिणतगजप्रेक्षणीयम्
printed वप्रक्रीडापरिणतगजप्रेक्षणीयं
प्रेक्षणीय, from प्र + √ईक्ष्
to be looked at, worth looking at — agreeing with मेघम्
Four steps, the simile buried in the last. वप्रे क्रीडा, play at an earth-bank — butting it; वप्रक्रीडायां परिणतः, bent low in that play; परिणतः गजः, an elephant so bent; and finally गजः इव प्रेक्षणीयः, as worth watching as that elephant — with the इव, the “as”, dropped inside the compound. That dropped “as” is the figure लुप्तोपमा: the cloud is not said to be like an elephant, the two are simply set side by side. The whole agrees with मेघम्.
√दृश्, class 1, लिट्, parasmaipada, third person singular
ददर्श
√दृश्
he saw — the perfect, the tense this poem tells its story in
One finite verb: ददर्श, “he saw”, the perfect (liṭ) of √दृश्. Unlike चक्रे of the verse before, it is parasmaipada — the active endings — because seeing is not an act whose fruit returns to the doer. Reduplication marks the perfect: दृश् doubles its first syllable to द-दर्श, and the root vowel takes guṇa in the strong singular.
सः · कामी · तस्मिन् · अद्रौ · अबलाविप्रयुक्तः · कनकवलयभ्रंशरिक्तप्रकोष्ठः · कतिचित् · मासान् · नीत्वा · आषाढस्य · प्रथमदिवसे · आश्लिष्टसानुम् · वप्रक्रीडापरिणतगजप्रेक्षणीयम् · मेघम् · ददर्श
uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, whose commentary is written as anvaya“ihānvayamukhenaiva sarvaṃ vyākhyāyate mayā”
the dependency structure
ददर्श · क्रिया — the verb the sentence turns on
सः · कर्ता — the agent
कामी · still in love
अबलाविप्रयुक्तः · parted from his wife
कनकवलयभ्रंशरिक्तप्रकोष्ठः · his forearm bare
अद्रौ · अधिकरण — where he stayed
तस्मिन् · that mountain
नीत्वा · having first passed
मासान् · कर्म — the months led by
कतिचित् · some
प्रथमदिवसे · अधिकरण — on which day
आषाढस्य · of Āṣāḍha
मेघम् · कर्म — the object seen
आश्लिष्टसानुम् · embracing the peak
वप्रक्रीडापरिणतगजप्रेक्षणीयम् · worth watching as an elephant
uncheckedMallinātha’s Sañjīvinī for the anvaya and the reading; the Telugu drawn from Vedam Venkataraya Sastri’s Āndhra Meghasandeśam and the Bālānandinī
The one verb ददर्श closes the stanza, and its object मेघम् closes it too, with two long adjectives before it; the subject सः and all that describes him stand in the first two pādas. Read the frame first — “he saw a cloud” — then hang the rest on सः and on मेघम्.
On that mountain the yakṣa, still in love and parted from his wife, his forearm bare where the gold bracelet had slipped from it, passed some months — eight of them, Mallinātha reckons, since the poem later gives him four more. On the first day of Āṣāḍha he saw a cloud with the peak in its arms, as worth watching as an elephant lowering its head to butt at an earth-bank.
uncheckedthe reader's reading, following Mallinātha's gloss
Mallinātha’s two touches: the yakṣa is still kāmī, in love, so parted from his wife he has wasted to a shadow; and the cloud does not merely appear but arrives leaning on the peak like a great tusker butting a bank — a thing seen before it is a thing described. The rains that gladden others are, for him, the season his year of exile can be measured against.
लुप्तोपमा — a simile with the word of comparison left out — the "like" is dropped and the two things are simply set side by side
The cloud is not said to be like an elephant. गजप्रेक्षणीयम् puts the elephant inside the compound and lets the comparison stand without its "as", which is what makes the cloud arrive as a thing seen rather than a thing described.
uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī“gajaprekṣaṇīyamityatrevalopāluptopamā”