मेघदूतम् · कालिदास · 2.16

यक्षगृह · the pool, and the geese that will not leave it

वापी चास्मिन् मरकतशिलाबद्धसोपानमार्गा

वा
पी
चा
स्मि
न्म
र
क
त
शि
ला
ब
द्ध
सो
पा
न
मा
र्गा

हैमैश्छन्ना विकचकमलैः स्निग्धवैदूर्यनालैः

है
मै
श्छ
न्ना
वि
क
च
क
म
लैः
स्नि
ग्ध
वै
दू
र्य
ना
लैः

यस्यास्तोये कृतवसतयो मानसं संनिकृष्टं

य
स्या
स्तो
ये
कृ
त
व
स
त
यो
मा
न
सं
सं
नि
कृ
ष्टं

नाध्यास्यन्ति व्यपगतशुचस्त्वामपि प्रेक्ष्य हंसाः

ना
ध्या
स्य
न्ति
व्य
प
ग
त
शु
च
स्त्वा
म
पि
प्रे
क्ष्य
हं
साः

pāda a

  • वाguruits long vowel आ
  • पीguruits long vowel ई
  • चाguruits long vowel आ
  • स्मिguruthe conjunct न्म that follows it
  • न्मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • कlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • शिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लाguruits long vowel आ
  • बguruthe conjunct द्ध that follows it
  • द्धlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • सोguruits long vowel ओ
  • पाguruits long vowel आ
  • नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • माguruits long vowel आ
  • र्गाguruits long vowel आ
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — चास्मिन्
  • yati after 10 — a compound member ends here, inside मरकतशिलाबद्धसोपानमार्गा

pāda b

  • हैguruits long vowel ऐ
  • मैguruits long vowel ऐ
  • श्छguruthe conjunct न्न that follows it
  • न्नाguruits long vowel आ
  • विlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • कlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • चlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • कlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लैःguruthe visarga it carries
  • स्निguruthe conjunct ग्ध that follows it
  • ग्धlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • वैguruits long vowel ऐ
  • दूguruits long vowel ऊ
  • र्यlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नाguruits long vowel आ
  • लैःguruthe visarga it carries
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — हैमैश्छन्ना
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — विकचकमलैः

pāda c

  • यguruthe conjunct स्य that follows it
  • स्याguruits long vowel आ
  • स्तोguruits long vowel ओ
  • येguruits long vowel ए
  • कृlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • वlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • सlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • योguruits long vowel ओ
  • माguruits long vowel आ
  • नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • संguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • संguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • निlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • कृguruthe conjunct ष्ट that follows it
  • ष्टंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — यस्यास्तोये
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — कृतवसतयो

pāda d

  • नाguruits long vowel आ
  • ध्याguruits long vowel आ
  • स्यguruthe conjunct न्त that follows it
  • न्तिguruthe conjunct व्य that follows it
  • व्यlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • पlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • गlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • शुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • चguruthe conjunct स्त्व that follows it
  • स्त्वाguruits long vowel आ
  • मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • पिguruthe conjunct प्र that follows it
  • प्रेguruits long vowel ए
  • क्ष्यlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • हंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • साःguruthe visarga it carries
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — नाध्यास्यन्ति
  • yati after 10 — it falls inside the compound व्यपगतशुचः
  • च + अस्मिन् → चास्मिन्

    अ + अ → आ

  • हैमैः + छन्ना → हैमैश्छन्ना

    ः + छ्

  • यस्याः + तोये → यस्यास्तोये

    ः + त्

  • कृतवसतयः + मानसम् → कृतवसतयो

    ः + म्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • मानसम् + संनिकृष्टम् → मानसं

    म् + स्

  • संनिकृष्टम् + न → संनिकृष्टं

    म् + न्

  • न + आध्यास्यन्ति → नाध्यास्यन्ति

    अ + आ → आ

  • व्यपगतशुचः + त्वाम् → व्यपगतशुचस्त्वामपि

    ः + त्

  • त्वाम् + अपि → व्यपगतशुचस्त्वामपि

    म् + अ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • मरकत + शिला → मरकतशिलाबद्धसोपानमार्गा

    अ + श्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • शिला + बद्ध → मरकतशिलाबद्धसोपानमार्गा

    आ + ब्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • बद्ध + सोपान → मरकतशिलाबद्धसोपानमार्गा

    अ + स्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • सोपान + मार्ग → मरकतशिलाबद्धसोपानमार्गा

    अ + म्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • विकच + कमल → विकचकमलैः

    अ + क्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • स्निग्ध + वैदूर्य → स्निग्धवैदूर्यनालैः

    अ + व्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • वैदूर्य + नाल → स्निग्धवैदूर्यनालैः

    अ + न्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • कृत + वसति → कृतवसतयः

    अ + व्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • व्यपगत + शुच् → व्यपगतशुचः

    अ + श्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

At the head of the line च meets अस्मिन् and the two अ fuse to आ by Pāṇini 6.1.101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः: चास्मिन्; the same lengthening joins न to आध्यास्यन्ति, नाध्यास्यन्ति. Three visargas turn to sibilants before hard stops by 8.3.34 विसर्जनीयस्य सः: यस्याः + तोये → यस्यास्तोये and व्यपगतशुचः + त्वाम् → व्यपगतशुचस्त्वाम् give स् before त्, and हैमैः + छन्ना → हैमैश्छन्ना gives श् before छ् by 8.4.40 स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः. Where कृतवसतयः meets मानसम् the visarga voices to ओ before म् — 8.2.66 ससजुषो रुः then 6.1.113 and 6.1.87 आद्गुणः — कृतवसतयो मानसम्. Inside a compound वि plus अप gives व्यप by 6.1.77 इको यणचि, the इ turning to य् before the vowel: व्यपगत.

  • Chinnaya Sūri, Bālavyākaraṇam — సంధిపరిచ్ఛేదము; vendor/balavyakaranam-sandhi.txt
  • वापी प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

    with मरकतशिलाबद्धसोपानमार्गा, छन्ना

  • अस्मिन् सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location

  • हैमैः तृतीया · instrumental — करण, the instrument or cause

  • विकचकमलैः तृतीया · instrumental — करण, the instrument or cause

    with स्निग्धवैदूर्यनालैः

  • यस्याः षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word

  • तोये सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location

  • मानसम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

    with संनिकृष्टम्

  • त्वाम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

  • हंसाः प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

    with कृतवसतयः, व्यपगतशुचः

प्रकरण 1 · हलन्त्यम्

प्रकरण 2 · इको यणचि

प्रकरण 3 · स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः

प्रकरण 4 · वा शरि

  • ससजुषो रुः 8.2.66← हैमैः; विकचकमलैः; स्निग्धवैदूर्यनालैः; कृतवसतयः; व्यपगतशुचः; हंसाः

प्रकरण 5 · अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्

प्रकरण 7 · अतोऽम्

प्रकरण 8 · हो ढः

प्रकरण 11 · स्वरादिनिपातमव्ययम्

प्रकरण 12 · लः कर्मणि च भावे चाकर्मकेभ्यः

प्रकरण 34 · ण्वुल्तृचौ

प्रकरण 36 · तुमुन्ण्वुलौ क्रियायां क्रियार्थायाम्

प्रकरण 48 · शेषे

प्रकरण 59 · इवे प्रतिकृतौ

not in the abridgement

  • अ अ 8.4.68← संनिकृष्टम्; आध्यास्यन्ति; प्रेक्ष्य

मरकतशिलाबद्धसोपानमार्गा

मरकत · शिला · बद्ध · सोपान · मार्ग

  1. मरकतानां शिलाः, मरकतशिलाः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — slabs of emerald

  2. मरकतशिलाभिः बद्धः, मरकतशिलाबद्धः

    तत्पुरुष (instrumental) — laid with them

  3. सोपानानां मार्गः, सोपानमार्गः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — a flight of steps

  4. मरकतशिलाबद्धः सोपानमार्गो यस्याः सा

    बहुव्रीहि — whose steps are laid with emerald

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to वापी. whose steps are laid with emerald slabs — and Mallinātha's vigraha is the four-member chain read out in order, मरकतशिलाभिर्बद्धः सोपानमार्गो यस्याः सा तथोक्ता, with तथोक्ता, 'so called', standing in for the whole compound at the end. **The steps are the point of the word वापी**: a vāpī is not a pond but a tank you walk down into, so a stairway is part of the definition and the emerald is the only thing being boasted about

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who unpacks मरकतशिलाभिर्बद्धः सोपानमार्गो यस्याः सा तथोक्ता; `vendor/meghaduta-sanjivini.itx` prints a space inside the compound in the stanza, `marakatashilAbaddha sopAnamArgA`“asmin madīyāgāre marakataśilābhir baddhaḥ sopānamārgo yasyāḥ sā tathoktā”

विकचकमलैः

विकच · कमल

  1. विकचानि कमलानि, तैः

    कर्मधारय — lotuses in full bloom

कर्मधारय. with lotuses in full bloom — विकच is वि plus कच, 'with the petals thrown open'. Mallinātha does not gloss it, and carries the compound whole into his paraphrase. **These are the golden lotuses of Lake Mānasa**: 1.64 gave the lake हेमाम्भोजप्रसवि सलिलम्, water that puts out golden lotuses, and this pool is covered in them. It is the reason the swans in the fourth pāda have nowhere better to be

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who carries विकचकमलैः into his paraphrase unglossed, between हैमैः सौवर्णैः and छन्ना“tair haimaiḥ sauvarṇair vikacakamalaiś channā vāpī ca”

स्निग्धवैदूर्यनालैः

स्निग्ध · वैदूर्य · नाल

  1. स्निग्धानि वैदूर्याणि, स्निग्धवैदूर्याणि

    कर्मधारय — glossy beryl

  2. स्निग्धवैदूर्याणि नालानि येषां तानि, तैः

    बहुव्रीहि — whose stalks are of it

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to विकचकमलैः. whose stalks are of glossy beryl — and this is where Mallinātha stops to derive a word. वैदूर्य is the gem from Vidūra, the mountain: विदूरे भवा वैदूर्याः by Pāṇini 4.3.84 विदूराञ्ञ्यः, which gives the affix ञ्य for 'what is produced there'. Then a second step, because the stalks are not gems but gem-work: वैदूर्याणां विकारा वैदूर्याणि, with the affix अण् in the sense of 'a modification of', so the same shape of word does duty twice over. **He spends two derivations on the beryl and none on the gold** in the same line, though हैम is built the same way — and the reason is that everyone knows हेमन्

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who unpacks विदूरे भवा वैदूर्याः, cites विदूराञ्ञ्यः, then वैदूर्याणां विकारा वैदूर्याणि with विकारार्थेऽण्प्रत्ययः, and reads स्निग्धानि वैदूर्याणि नालानि येषां तैः; Pāṇini 4.3.84 by way of skt-mcp for the sūtra's text, and 4.3.134 तस्य विकारः is the rule behind the sense he names for अण् without citing it“vidūre bhavā vaidūryāḥ || “vidūrāñ ñyaḥ” iti yapratyayaḥ || vaidūryāṇāṃ vikārā vaidūryāṇi || vikārārthe 'ṇpratyayaḥ || snigdhāni vaidūryāṇi nālāni yeṣāṃ taiḥ”

कृतवसतयः

कृत · वसति

  1. कृता वसतिर्यैस्ते

    बहुव्रीहि — who have made their dwelling there

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to हंसाः. having made their home there — Mallinātha answers it with a compound of the same build, कृतनिवासाः, swapping वसति for निवास and changing nothing else. **The point is that they live there and did not merely stop.** A swan on the way to Mānasa is a migrant; a swan that has made a वसति has stopped migrating, which is what the rest of the stanza is about. The feminine वसति takes masculine endings because the compound describes हंसाः — the fourth stanza in seven to do this, after आख्या at 2.10, रुचि at 2.13 and ज्या at 2.14

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses कृतवसतयः कृतनिवासाः“yasyā vāpyās toye kṛtavasatayaḥ kṛtanivāsā haṃsāḥ”

व्यपगतशुचः

व्यपगत · शुच्

  1. व्यपगता शुग्येषां ते

    बहुव्रीहि — whose grief has gone away

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to हंसाः. their grief gone — Mallinātha glosses वीतदुःखाः and then, unasked, says what the grief was and why it lifted: वर्षाकालेऽपि व्यपगतकलुषजलत्वात्, 'because the water is unmuddied even in the rains'. **That is the whole argument of the stanza in one ablative.** What sends swans to Mānasa when the rains come is that everything else turns to mud; this pool does not, so the cue fails. व्यपगत stacks two preverbs on गत, वि and अप, both meaning away — the same piling that gives संनिकृष्टम् its सम् and नि in the line before

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses व्यपगतशुचो वर्षाकालेऽपि व्यपगतकलुषजलत्वाद्वीतदुःखाः सन्तः“vyapagataśuco varṣākāle 'pi vyapagatakaluṣajalatvād vītaduḥkhāḥ santaḥ”

  • ī-stem feminine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    वापी

    वापी

    a tank — a वापी is the built kind of water: an oblong reservoir with steps down into it, dug and faced with stone, not a natural pool. Mallinātha does not gloss the word, because the compound before it has already said what makes it one. **It is the second of the tokens** by which the cloud is to know the house, the first having been the gateway at 2.15

    A वापी is not a pond but a tank you walk down into — an oblong reservoir dug and faced with stone, with a stairway for a bank. So the steps are part of the definition, and the only thing being boasted about is the emerald they are laid with: मरकतशिलाबद्धसोपानमार्गा, 'whose flight of steps is laid with emerald slabs'. This is the second of the tokens by which the cloud is to know the house — the gateway came at 2.15, the tank comes here, and the little च at the head of the line strings this one onto that one. Each stanza in the run adds one token and says 'and'.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.16: asmin madīyāgāre marakataśilābhir baddhaḥ sopānamārgo yasyāḥ sā tathoktā
  • अव्यय

    च

    printed चास्मिन्

    च

    and — the smallest word in the stanza and the one that makes it a list. The tree was the first thing beside the house; this is the second, and the same च comes again at 2.18 and 2.19. **The tokens are strung, not stacked**: each stanza adds one and says *and*

  • pronoun, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    अस्मिन्

    printed चास्मिन्

    इदम्

    in it — and Mallinātha will not let the pronoun float: अस्मिन्मदीयागारे, 'in this house of mine'. Neuter, agreeing with the आगारम् of 2.15, which is a stanza away and in another sentence. **The demonstrative is doing what तत्र did at 2.15**, only now the thing pointed at is the house rather than the city

  • ā-stem feminine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    मरकतशिलाबद्धसोपानमार्गा

    मार्ग, taking ā-stem feminine endings at the end of a bahuvrīhi

    stairway — मार्ग is a road, and सोपानमार्ग the road made of steps that a tank has instead of a bank. The stem is masculine on its own and takes feminine endings here, because a bahuvrīhi wears the gender of what it describes and what it describes is वापी. **The same move as कृतवसतयः and व्यपगतशुचः in the second half**, where a feminine stem takes masculine endings for the swans: three compounds in one stanza changing gender at the door. The masculine मार्ग is declined as a feminine because the compound describes वापी

  • a-stem neuter, तृतीया बहुवचन instrumental plural

    हैमैः

    printed हैमैश्छन्ना

    हैम, from हेमन् with अण् in the sense of 'made of'

    golden — Mallinātha glosses सौवर्णैः, which is the same word built from the other name for gold, सुवर्ण. **The two are formed exactly alike**, हेमन् and सुवर्ण each taking अण् for 'a modification of', and the gloss teaches the pattern by repeating it rather than by naming it — which is what he does not do here and does do, twice, for वैदूर्य in the same line. The visarga becomes श् before the छ् of छन्ना

  • √छद् + क्त, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    छन्ना

    printed हैमैश्छन्ना

    छन्न, from √छद् with क्त

    covered over — the past participle of √छद्, to cover, agreeing with वापी, with the lotuses in the instrumental as what covers it. Mallinātha carries it over unglossed. **It is the stanza's only predicate until he supplies one**: the first half has no verb at all, and he closes it अस्तीति शेषः

  • a-stem neuter, तृतीया बहुवचन instrumental plural

    विकचकमलैः

    कमल

    lotuses — the instrumental of what covers the water. Mallinātha does not gloss कमल, which needs no gloss, and instead lets the two adjectives around it do the work: they are gold, and they stand on beryl. **A lotus made of metal and stone is still called open**, विकच, which is the one word in the compound that belongs to a living flower

  • a-stem neuter, तृतीया बहुवचन instrumental plural

    स्निग्धवैदूर्यनालैः

    नाल

    stalks — नाल is the hollow stem of a lotus, and स्निग्ध is what a polished stone and an oiled surface have in common, a wet-looking shine. Mallinātha keeps both words and only rearranges: स्निग्धानि वैदूर्याणि नालानि येषाम्. **The spelling is the one the grammar wants.** He derives the gem from the mountain विदूर, which has द, and this text prints वैदूर्य with द; DCS's tagged stanza prints वैडूर्य with ड

  • pronoun, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular

    यस्याः

    printed यस्यास्तोये

    यद्

    whose — feminine, so the antecedent is the tank and not the house, and Mallinātha writes it in: यस्या वाप्याः. **Every one of these token-stanzas hangs a relative clause off its object** — यस्य of the house at 2.15, यस्याः of the tank here — so that each token comes with a second thing attached to it. The visarga becomes स् before the त् of तोये

  • a-stem neuter, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    तोये

    printed यस्यास्तोये

    तोय

    in the water — the locative of where the swans live, and Mallinātha lets it stand. **The water is the whole case for staying**, and he argues it in his gloss on व्यपगतशुचः rather than here: व्यपगतकलुषजलत्वात्, because the water has no mud in it. A monsoon that muddies every other pool leaves this one clear

  • i-stem masculine, प्रथमा बहुवचन nominative plural

    कृतवसतयः

    printed कृतवसतयो

    वसति, taking masculine endings at the end of a bahuvrīhi

    dwelling — वसति is from √वस्, to live somewhere, the same root as the वसन्तम् of 2.14, and it is a residence rather than a stay. Mallinātha's निवास says the same. The visarga becomes ओ before the म् of मानसम्. **The i-stem hides the gender change**: वसतयः is the nominative plural of both the feminine and the masculine, so the ending gives no sign of what the compound has done to the word. The feminine वसति is declined as a masculine because the compound describes हंसाः

  • a-stem neuter, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    मानसम्

    printed मानसं

    मानस

    Mānasa — the lake in the Himālaya that swans return to when the rains begin, and Mallinātha adds the common noun to the name, मानसं मानससरः, in case a reader takes the word for its ordinary sense of 'belonging to the mind'. **1.11 sent the royal swans there.** Hearing the cloud's thunder made them मानसोत्काः, longing for Mānasa, and they flew north as its companions. Here the same cloud is seen and the same lake is close by and nobody goes

  • √कृष् + क्त, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    संनिकृष्टम्

    printed संनिकृष्टं

    संनिकृष्ट, from √कृष् with सम् and नि and क्त

    close at hand — literally 'drawn near', a past participle of √कृष्, to drag, with two preverbs on it. Mallinātha glosses संनिहितम् and then adds what the word is doing in the sentence: सुगममपीत्यर्थः, 'easy to get to, even so'. **His अपि is the concession the verse leaves to the word order.** The lake is near, the cloud is overhead, everything is in place for the flight, and it does not happen

  • अव्यय

    न

    printed नाध्यास्यन्ति

    न

    not — first word of the last pāda, and the stanza turns on it. Everything before has been an inventory; this makes the inventory an argument. Mallinātha keeps the negative in front of his gloss as well, नाध्यास्यन्ति नोत्कण्ठया स्मरिष्यन्ति, which is what he did with न वहति न बिभर्ति at 2.14

  • √ध्यै, class 1, लृट्, parasmaipada, third person plural

    आध्यास्यन्ति

    printed नाध्यास्यन्ति

    √ध्यै of the first class, with आ

    will think longingly of — and this is the one word of the stanza a reader can get wrong, because नाध्यास्यन्ति looks like आ plus अधि plus √आस्, 'will not take up residence in'. Mallinātha settles it against that reading and cites a grammar to do it: नोत्कण्ठया स्मरिष्यन्ति, 'will not remember with longing', quoting the Kāśikā's आध्यानमुत्कण्ठास्मरणम्, 'ādhyāna is remembrance with longing'. So the root is √ध्यै, to brood on. **It is the poem's own word for this.** 1.3 gave the yakṣa दध्यौ, from the same root, and 1.11 gave these same swans उत्क, the word Mallinātha's उत्कण्ठा is built on. The ending settles it too: √ध्यै takes parasmaipada endings and आ-अधि-√आस् takes ātmanepada, and the verse has -अन्ति

    The verb is the poem's own word for longing, come back around. 1.11 sent these very swans north: hearing the cloud's thunder they became मानसोत्काः, 'longing for Mānasa', and flew off as its companions, carrying lotus-fibre for the road. The word उत्क there is the one Mallinātha's उत्कण्ठा is built on, and 1.3 gave the yakṣa दध्यौ, 'he brooded', from this same √ध्यै. So the poem has crossed a whole canto and returned to the same birds and the same brooding — and the second time, with the same cloud in the sky and the lake near at hand, they stay and do not even pine. That is what नाध्यास्यन्ति says once it is read as आ plus √ध्यै and not आ-अधि-√आस्.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.16: nādhyāsyanti notkaṇṭhayā smariṣyanti
  • c-stem masculine, प्रथमा बहुवचन nominative plural

    व्यपगतशुचः

    printed व्यपगतशुचस्त्वामपि

    शुच्, taking masculine endings at the end of a bahuvrīhi

    grief — शुच् is from √शुच्, to burn and so to grieve, the root itself standing as a noun with nothing added. Mallinātha answers it with दुःख. **The word is here because swans are supposed to be sad in the rains**: the season that muddies the water is the season they leave, and the grief is the leaving. This pool takes the grief away by not going muddy. The visarga becomes स् before the त् of त्वाम्. शुच् is feminine as a noun and declines as a masculine here, because the compound describes हंसाः

    The whole argument of the stanza is folded into one ablative that Mallinātha adds without being asked. Their grief is gone, व्यपगतशुचः वीतदुःखाः — and why? वर्षाकालेऽपि व्यपगतकलुषजलत्वात्, 'because the water is unmuddied even in the rains'. What sends swans to Lake Mānasa when the monsoon breaks is that every other pool turns to mud; this one does not, so the cue that would move them fails. The word व्यपगत stacks two preverbs meaning 'away', वि and अप, on गत — the same piling that gives संनिकृष्टम् its सम् and नि in the line just before.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.16: vyapagataśuco varṣākāle 'pi vyapagatakaluṣajalatvād vītaduḥkhāḥ
  • pronoun, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    त्वाम्

    printed व्यपगतशुचस्त्वामपि

    त्वद्

    you — the cloud, and Mallinātha writes the name in, त्वां मेघम्. **The addressee appears in the stanza only to be ignored.** Everywhere else in the poem the cloud's arrival starts something; here it is seen and nothing follows, and the pronoun is the object of a participle rather than of the verb

  • अव्यय

    अपि

    printed व्यपगतशुचस्त्वामपि

    अपि

    even — it attaches to प्रेक्ष्य, not to त्वाम्: even having seen you, they will not go. Mallinātha keeps it there, प्रेक्ष्यापि. **Then he uses the same particle twice more in his own gloss** — वर्षाकालेऽपि, even in the rains, and सुगममपि, near though it is — so that the one concession the verse makes becomes three in the commentary, and all three are the same concession

  • √ईक्ष् + ल्यप्

    प्रेक्ष्य

    प्रेक्ष्य, from √ईक्ष् with प्र

    on seeing — the absolutive in ल्यप्, which is the form the absolutive takes when the root carries a preverb, against the क्त्वा of a bare root: प्रेक्ष्य here, मत्वा at 2.14. Mallinātha carries it over unglossed and only names its object. **The verse gives the swans an act of seeing and no act after it**, which is the shape of the whole stanza: everything is in place for a departure that does not occur

  • a-stem masculine, प्रथमा बहुवचन nominative plural

    हंसाः

    हंस

    the swans — held to the last word of the stanza, after three compounds have described them without naming them. Mallinātha puts the noun first in his own sentence, as he does whenever the verse holds a subject back. **These are the birds of 1.11**, राजहंसाः, who heard the thunder and left for Mānasa with lotus-fibre for the journey. The poem has crossed a canto and come back to the same birds, and the second time they stay

    The pool has what the lake has, which is why the swans have nowhere better to go. 1.64 gave Mānasa हेमाम्भोजप्रसवि सलिलम्, 'water that puts out golden lotuses', and this tank is covered over in them — विकचकमलैः छन्ना, golden lotuses in full bloom on glossy beryl stalks. Three compounds describe the birds before the noun हंसाः lands at the very end: they have made their home here (कृतवसतयः), their grief has gone (व्यपगतशुचः), and they have seen the cloud (त्वां प्रेक्ष्य) and done nothing. Everything is arranged for a departure that does not occur — the shape of the whole stanza.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.16: kṛtavasatayaḥ kṛtanivāsā haṃsāḥ … mānasaṃ mānasaro nādhyāsyanti

अस्मिन् · मरकतशिलाबद्धसोपानमार्गा · स्निग्धवैदूर्यनालैः · हैमैः · विकचकमलैः · छन्ना · वापी · च · अस्ति [supplied] · यस्याः · तोये · कृतवसतयः · हंसाः · त्वाम् · प्रेक्ष्य · अपि · व्यपगतशुचः · सन्तः [supplied] · संनिकृष्टम् · मानसम् · न · आध्यास्यन्ति

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, whose commentary runs as anvaya. He makes two sentences of the stanza and supplies a verb for each: अस्ति for the first half, which has none, and सन्तः to hang the swans' state on. **He supplies अस्ति for the second stanza running**, after 2.15, where he had not supplied a word since 2.12. He also moves स्निग्धवैदूर्यनालैः in front of हैमैः, so that the stalks are described before the flowers, and lifts हंसाः out from the end of the verse to stand in front of the three compounds that describe it“asmin madīyāgāre … snigdhāni vaidūryāṇi nālāni yeṣāṃ tair haimaiḥ sauvarṇair vikacakamalaiś channā vāpī ca | astīti śeṣaḥ || yasyā vāpyās toye kṛtavasatayaḥ kṛtanivāsā haṃsās tvāṃ meghaṃ prekṣyāpi vyapagataśuco … vītaduḥkhāḥ santaḥ sannikṛṣṭaṃ sannihitam … mānasaṃ mānasasaro nādhyāsyanti”

the dependency structure

आध्यास्यन्ति · क्रिया — will brood on, will remember with longing; the finite verb of the stanza, negated by न, on which the whole second sentence turns

न · निषेध — not; negating आध्यास्यन्ति, and the word the argument turns on — everything before it is an inventory, and this makes the inventory a claim

अस्ति · क्रिया — there is; supplied by Mallinātha for the first half, which has no verb of its own, अस्तीति शेषः. The वापी-clause hangs here, and its यस्याः reaches forward into the second sentence

अस्मिन् · अधिकरण — in it, अस्मिन्मदीयागारे, 'in this house of mine'; neuter, pointing back at the आगारम् of 2.15, a stanza and a sentence away

वापी · उद्देश्य — a tank, वापी; the subject of अस्ति and the second of the tokens by which the cloud is to know the house, after the gateway of 2.15

च · समुच्चय — and; the smallest word in the stanza, stringing this token onto the ones before rather than stacking them

मरकतशिलाबद्धसोपानमार्गा · agreeing with वापी — whose flight of steps is laid with emerald slabs; a bahuvrīhi, the masculine मार्ग taking feminine endings because it describes वापी

छन्ना · agreeing with वापी — covered over, छन्ना; the past participle of √छद्, to cover, with the lotuses in the instrumental as what covers it

विकचकमलैः · करण — by open lotuses, विकचकमलैः; the instrumental of what covers the water, विकच being the one word here that belongs to a living flower

हैमैः · agreeing with विकचकमलैः — golden, सौवर्णैः; made of gold, the same build of word as वैदूर्य beside it

स्निग्धवैदूर्यनालैः · agreeing with विकचकमलैः — whose stalks are of glossy beryl, स्निग्धानि वैदूर्याणि नालानि येषाम्; a bahuvrīhi standing the lotuses on beryl

हंसाः · उद्देश्य — the swans, हंसाः; the subject of आध्यास्यन्ति, held to the last word of the verse after three compounds have described them — the राजहंसाः of 1.11

कृतवसतयः · agreeing with हंसाः — having made their home, कृतनिवासाः; a bahuvrīhi, the feminine वसति taking masculine endings for the swans, so they have settled and not merely stopped

तोये · अधिकरण — in the water, तोये; the locative of where the swans live, and the water is the whole case for their staying

यस्याः · षष्ठी — of which, यस्या वाप्याः; the relative, feminine, so its antecedent is the tank and not the house, hanging the swans' clause off the वापी

व्यपगतशुचः · agreeing with हंसाः — their grief gone, वीतदुःखाः; a bahuvrīhi, because the water stays unmuddied even in the rains and so the grief of the season lifts

सन्तः · supplied participle — being; Mallinātha supplies it to hang the swans' state on, सन्तः

प्रेक्ष्य · पूर्वकालक्रिया — on seeing; the absolutive in ल्यप्, the form the absolutive takes when the root carries a preverb, its object त्वाम्

त्वाम् · कर्म — you, त्वां मेघम्, the cloud; the object of प्रेक्ष्य and not of the verb — the addressee appears only to be ignored

अपि · particle — even; on the absolutive, प्रेक्ष्यापि, 'even having seen you'

मानसम् · कर्म — Mānasa, मानससरः; the lake the swans do not think of, added its common noun by Mallinātha so nobody reads it as 'of the mind'

संनिकृष्टम् · agreeing with मानसम् — close at hand, संनिहितम्; drawn near, and Mallinātha adds सुगममपि, 'easy to reach, even so' — near, overhead, in place, and the flight still does not happen

uncheckedMallinātha’s Sañjīvinī for the anvaya and the reading, which makes two sentences of the stanza and supplies a verb for each — अस्ति for the verbless first half and सन्तः for the swans' state — and reads आध्यास्यन्ति as आ with √ध्यै, to brood on, against आ-अधि-√आस्, citing the Kāśikā's आध्यानमुत्कण्ठास्मरणम् and deriving वैदूर्य from the mountain विदूर; the Telugu drawn from Vedam Venkataraya Sastri’s Āndhra Meghasandeśam.

And in it there is a tank, its steps laid with emerald, covered over with open lotuses of gold on glossy beryl stalks; and the swans that have made their home in its water will not, even at the sight of you, think longingly of Mānasa, near though it is, for their grief has gone. **The stanza is an argument, and the word it turns on is आध्यास्यन्ति.** Read as आ plus अधि plus √आस् it would mean 'will not take up residence in', which makes a flat sentence about where birds live. Mallinātha reads it as आ with √ध्यै, to brood on, and quotes a grammar for it — आध्यानमुत्कण्ठास्मरणम्, 'ādhyāna is remembrance with longing', from the Kāśikā — glossing नोत्कण्ठया स्मरिष्यन्ति. The verse's ending backs him: √ध्यै takes parasmaipada, आ-अधि-√आस् does not, and the verse has -अन्ति. **So the swans do not merely stay. They do not miss the place.** He then explains why, in an ablative nobody asked for: वर्षाकालेऽपि व्यपगतकलुषजलत्वात्, because this water stays clear even in the rains. What sends swans to Mānasa is the season turning every other pool to mud; here the cue fails. And the pool has what the lake has — 1.64 gave Mānasa हेमाम्भोजप्रसवि सलिलम्, water that puts out golden lotuses, and this one is covered in them. **1.11 is the stanza this one answers.** There the royal swans heard the cloud's thunder, became मानसोत्काः, longing for Mānasa, and flew north as its companions; here the same cloud is seen and nobody moves. Everything else he glosses lightly: अस्मिन् is मदीयागारे, in my house; मानसम् gets its common noun added, मानससरः, so that nobody reads it as 'of the mind'; संनिकृष्टम् is संनिहितम् and then सुगममपि, easy to reach, even so. He stops once to derive a word, and it is वैदूर्य: from the mountain विदूर by Pāṇini 4.3.84 विदूराञ्ञ्यः, then a second time with अण् in the sense of 'made of', so the stalks are beryl-work and not beryls. He names no figure.

uncheckedthe reader's reading, following Mallinātha's gloss; the reading of आध्यास्यन्ति as आ with √ध्यै, the Kāśikā citation, the reason the water stays clear, the derivation of वैदूर्य, and the glosses on अस्मिन्, मानसम् and संनिकृष्टम् are his. The parasmaipada ending as further evidence for the root is the reader's; so are the echoes of 1.11's मानसोत्काः and 1.64's हेमाम्भोजप्रसवि सलिलम्, both read off `text.md`“nādhyāsyanti notkaṇṭhayā smariṣyanti || “ādhyānam utkaṇṭhāsmaraṇam” iti kāśikāyām || … varṣākāle 'pi vyapagatakaluṣajalatvād vītaduḥkhāḥ santaḥ … vidūre bhavā vaidūryāḥ || “vidūrāñ ñyaḥ” iti yapratyayaḥ”

And in this house there is a tank, its flight of steps laid with emerald slabs, covered over with open golden lotuses on glossy beryl stalks; and the swans that have made their home in its water will not, even at the sight of you, brood longingly on Mānasa, near though it is — for their grief has gone. Mallinātha makes two sentences of it and supplies a verb for each: अस्ति for the first half, which has none, and सन्तः for the swans' state. He derives one word, वैदूर्य, from the mountain विदूर and then again for the gem-work of the stalks; he glosses अस्मिन् as मदीयागारे, adds मानससरः to मानसम् so it is not read as 'of the mind', and turns संनिकृष्टम् into सुगममपि, 'easy to reach, even so'. He names no figure. The one word that carries the stanza is आध्यास्यन्ति, and he settles its reading against a grammar.

  • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.16, whole-verse gloss; astīti śeṣaḥ; vītaduḥkhāḥ santaḥ; sannikṛṣṭaṃ sannihitam sugamam apītyarthaḥ

No figure is named for this verse by the commentary this reading follows, so none is shown.