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मेघदूतम् · कालिदास · 1.40

उज्जयिनी · the night on a dovecote roof

तां कस्यांचिद्भवनवलभौ सुप्तपारावतायां

तां
क
स्यां
चि
द्भ
व
न
व
ल
भौ
सु
प्त
पा
रा
व
ता
यां

नीत्वा रात्रिं चिरविलसनात् खिन्नविद्युत्कलत्रः

नी
त्वा
रा
त्रिं
चि
र
वि
ल
स
ना
त्खि
न्न
वि
द्यु
त्क
ल
त्रः

दृष्टे सूर्ये पुनरपि भवान् वाहयेदध्वशेषं

दृ
ष्टे
सू
र्ये
पु
न
र
पि
भ
वा
न्वा
ह
ये
द
ध्व
शे
षं

मन्दायन्ते न खलु सुहृदामभ्युपेतार्थकृत्याः

म
न्दा
य
न्ते
न
ख
लु
सु
हृ
दा
म
भ्यु
पे
ता
र्थ
कृ
त्याः

pāda a

  • तांguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • कguruthe conjunct स्य that follows it
  • स्यांguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • चिguruthe conjunct द्भ that follows it
  • द्भlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • वlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • वlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • भौguruits long vowel औ
  • सुguruthe conjunct प्त that follows it
  • प्तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • पाguruits long vowel आ
  • राguruits long vowel आ
  • वlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • ताguruits long vowel आ
  • यांguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • yati after 4 — it falls inside कस्यांचित्
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — कस्यांचिद्भवनवलभौ

pāda b

  • नीguruits long vowel ई
  • त्वाguruits long vowel आ
  • राguruits long vowel आ
  • त्रिंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • चिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • विlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • सlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नाguruits long vowel आ
  • त्खिguruthe conjunct न्न that follows it
  • न्नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • विguruthe conjunct द्य that follows it
  • द्युguruthe conjunct त्क that follows it
  • त्कlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लguruthe conjunct त्र that follows it
  • त्रःguruthe visarga it carries
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — रात्रिं
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — चिरविलसनात्

pāda c

  • दृguruthe conjunct ष्ट that follows it
  • ष्टेguruits long vowel ए
  • सूguruits long vowel ऊ
  • र्येguruits long vowel ए
  • पुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • पिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • भlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • वाguruits long vowel आ
  • न्वाguruits long vowel आ
  • हlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • येguruits long vowel ए
  • दguruthe conjunct ध्व that follows it
  • ध्वlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • शेguruits long vowel ए
  • षंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — सूर्ये
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — भवान्

pāda d

  • मguruthe conjunct न्द that follows it
  • न्दाguruits long vowel आ
  • यguruthe conjunct न्त that follows it
  • न्तेguruits long vowel ए
  • नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • खlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • सुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • हृlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • दाguruits long vowel आ
  • मguruthe conjunct भ्य that follows it
  • भ्युlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • पेguruits long vowel ए
  • ताguruits long vowel आ
  • र्थlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • कृguruthe conjunct त्य that follows it
  • त्याःguruthe visarga it carries
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — मन्दायन्ते
  • yati after 10 — it falls inside सुहृदाम्

  • ताम् + कस्यांचित् → तां

    म् + क्

  • कस्यांचित् + भवनवलभौ → कस्यांचिद्भवनवलभौ

    त् + भ्

  • सुप्तपारावतायाम् + नीत्वा → सुप्तपारावतायां

    म् + न्

  • रात्रिम् + चिरविलसनात् → रात्रिं

    म् + च्

  • पुनः + अपि → पुनरपि

    ः + अ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • वाहयेत् + अध्वशेषम् → वाहयेदध्वशेषं

    त् + अ

  • सुहृदाम् + अभ्युपेतार्थकृत्याः → सुहृदामभ्युपेतार्थकृत्याः

    म् + अ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • भवन + वलभि → भवनवलभौ

    अ + व्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • सुप्त + पारावत → सुप्तपारावतायाम्

    अ + प्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • चिर + विलसन → चिरविलसनात्

    अ + व्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • खिन्न + विद्युत् → खिन्नविद्युत्कलत्रः

    अ + व्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • विद्युत् + कलत्र → खिन्नविद्युत्कलत्रः

    त् + क्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • अध्वन् + शेष → अध्वशेषम्

    न् + श्

  • अभ्युपेत + अर्थ → अभ्युपेतार्थकृत्याः

    अ + अ → आ · falls inside the syllable ता

  • अर्थ + कृत्या → अभ्युपेतार्थकृत्याः

    अ + क्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

Two joins in the stanza voice a word-final त् before a following sound (Pāṇini 8.2.39): कस्यांचिद्भवनवलभौ, where कस्यांचित् meets the भ् of भवन-, and वाहयेदध्वशेषं, where वाहयेत् meets the vowel of अध्वशेषम् — the त् goes to द् in both. पुनरपि turns a visarga to र् before the vowel of अपि: पुनः + अपि. The rest is म् held as अनुस्वार before consonants and given the following class's nasal (8.3.23, 8.4.59): तां कस्यांचित्, सुप्तपारावतायां नीत्वा, रात्रिं चिरविलसनात्. And सुहृदामभ्युपेतार्थकृत्याः is a plain म् before a vowel, carried onto the अ with no change.

  • Chinnaya Sūri, Bālavyākaraṇam — సంధిపరిచ్ఛేదము; vendor/balavyakaranam-sandhi.txt

  • ताम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

  • कस्यांचित् सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location

  • भवनवलभौ सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location

    with सुप्तपारावतायाम्

  • रात्रिम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

  • चिरविलसनात् पञ्चमी · ablative — हेतौ पञ्चमी — an ablative of cause, not of departure; ‘from flashing so long’, not ‘away from’

    The ablative's default role is अपादान, the point moved away from. चिरविलसनात् is a cause: the lightning-wife is worn out because she has flashed so long, चिरस्फुरणात्. So the fifth case here marks the reason for the tiredness, an ablative of cause, and the night's halt is called for so she may rest.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.40: cirasya vilasanaṃ sphuraṇaṃ tasmāt khinnaṃ vidyudeva kalatraṃ yasya

  • सूर्ये सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location

    with दृष्टे

  • भवान् प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

    with खिन्नविद्युत्कलत्रः

  • अध्वशेषम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

  • सुहृदाम् षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word

प्रकरण 1 · हलन्त्यम्

प्रकरण 2 · इको यणचि

प्रकरण 3 · स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः

प्रकरण 4 · वा शरि

प्रकरण 5 · अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्

प्रकरण 6 · औङ आपः

प्रकरण 8 · हो ढः

प्रकरण 11 · स्वरादिनिपातमव्ययम्

प्रकरण 12 · लः कर्मणि च भावे चाकर्मकेभ्यः

प्रकरण 22 · स्वतन्त्रः कर्ता

प्रकरण 34 · ण्वुल्तृचौ

प्रकरण 36 · तुमुन्ण्वुलौ क्रियायां क्रियार्थायाम्

प्रकरण 48 · शेषे

प्रकरण 60 · स्त्रियाम्

not in the abridgement

भवनवलभौ

भवन · वलभि

  1. भवनस्य वलभिः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the roof-ledge of a house

तत्पुरुष. on the roof-ridge of some house — Mallinātha glosses गृहाच्छादनोपरिभागः, the upper part of a house's covering, and then fixes वलभि out of Halāyudha's dictionary rather than Amara's: आच्छादनं स्याद्वलभी गृहाणाम्, 'the covering of houses is what वलभी means'. So the cloud is to spend the night not on a roof but on the very top of one, on the ridge where the doves are

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, citing Halāyudha“kasyāñcidbhavanavalabhau | gṛhācchādanoparibhāga ityarthaḥ || “ācchādanaṃ syādvalabhī gṛhāṇām” iti halāyudhaḥ”

सुप्तपारावतायाम्

सुप्त · पारावत

  1. सुप्ताः पारावताः यस्यां सा, तस्याम्

    बहुव्रीहि — the ledge whose doves are asleep

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to भवनवलभौ. where the doves are asleep — Mallinātha gives the vigraha in his own words, सुप्ताः पारावताः यस्यां तस्याम्, fixes पारावत with Amara — पारावतः कलरवः कपोतः, three words for the same bird — and then does the thing that makes the stanza: he says what the sleeping doves are evidence of. विविक्तायाम्, 'in a deserted one', and जनसञ्चारस्तत्रासम्भावित एव, 'people going about there is simply not to be expected'. The birds are asleep because nobody is up; the cloud will not be disturbed. None of that is in the words, and all of it is in the picture

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, citing Amara, and drawing the inference himself“suptāḥ pārāvatāḥ kalaravā yasyāṃ tasyāṃ viviktāyāmityarthaḥ || “pārāvataḥ kalaravaḥ kapotaḥ” ityamaraḥ || janasañcārastatrāsambhāvita eveti bhāvaḥ”

चिरविलसनात्

चिर · विलसन

  1. चिरं विलसनम्, तस्मात्

    कर्मधारय — flashing, and doing it for a long time

कर्मधारय. from flashing so long — Mallinātha unpacks it by leaving the first member where the sense wants it and the second where the verse has it: चिरं विलसनात् स्फुरणात्, with चिरम् standing as an adverbial accusative outside the ablative. विलसन he glosses स्फुरण, the throbbing or quivering of light. The ablative is one of cause: it is the flashing that has tired her out

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, whose gloss unpacks the compound by putting each member in the case its sense wants“ciraṃ vilasanātsphuraṇāt”

खिन्नविद्युत्कलत्रः

खिन्न · विद्युत् · कलत्र

  1. विद्युत् एव कलत्रम्

    कर्मधारय — the lightning, and she is his wife

  2. खिन्नं विद्युत्कलत्रम्

    कर्मधारय — and that wife is worn out

  3. खिन्नं विद्युत्कलत्रं यस्य सः

    बहुव्रीहि — the cloud whose wife is worn out

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to भवान्. his lightning-wife worn out — Mallinātha's vigraha is exact and ends by naming the word it points at: खिन्नं विद्युदेव कलत्रं यस्य स भवान्. The identification of the lightning with a wife is inside the compound, made by एव and not by a word for likeness, and he does not name it a figure. It is the reason the cloud stops for the night at all: not because the cloud is tired, but because she is

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who names भवान् as the word it points at“ciraṃ vilasanātsphuraṇātkhinnaṃ vidyudeva kalatraṃ yasya sa bhavān”

अध्वशेषम्

अध्वन् · शेष

  1. अध्वनः शेषः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — what is left of the road

तत्पुरुष. the rest of the way — Mallinātha carries the compound over without a vigraha, so the paraphrase here is restored. अध्वन् loses its न् at the end of a compound and stands as अध्व, which is the same rule of the compound-final that turned पथिन् into पथ at 1.39. The accusative is what वाहयेत् governs: it is the road that is to be made to travel

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who carries the compound over; the vigraha restored“punarapyadhvaśeṣaṃ vāhayet”

अभ्युपेतार्थकृत्याः

अभ्युपेत · अर्थ · कृत्या

  1. अर्थस्य कृत्या

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the doing of the business

  2. अभ्युपेता अर्थकृत्या

    कर्मधारय — and it has been taken on

  3. अभ्युपेता अर्थकृत्या यैः ते

    बहुव्रीहि — those by whom it has been taken on

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to ते. who have taken a friend's business on — and this is the third stanza running in which Mallinātha has to defend the poet's compound. सुहृदाम् stands outside the compound and governs अर्थ inside it, and a word that still needs something from outside is ordinarily held unfit to be compounded at all. His answer is one clause: सापेक्षत्वेऽपि गमकत्वात्समासः — 'though it depends on something outside, the compound stands, because it gets the sense across'. He glosses अभ्युपेत by अङ्गीकृत, accepted, अर्थ by प्रयोजन, purpose, and कृत्या by क्रिया, doing; then paraphrases the whole अभ्युपेतसुहृदर्थाः. He fixes कृत्या from Yādava and derives it from √कृ with क्यप्, taking the affix out of the च of कृञः श च

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, allowing the compound in spite of the sāpekṣa objection, citing Yādava and deriving the last member; the sūtra number 3.3.100 कृञः श च from skt-mcp; the word it points at is his own यैस्ते“suhṛdāṃ mitrāṇāmabhyupetāṅgīkṛtārthasya prayojanasya kṛtyā kriyā yaiste | abhyupetasuhṛdarthā ityarthaḥ || sāpekṣatve'pi gamakatvātsamāsaḥ || “kṛtyā kriyādevatayoḥ kārye strī kupite triṣu” iti yādavaḥ || “kṛñaḥ śa ca” iti cakārātkyap”

  • pronoun, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    ताम्

    printed तां

    तद्

    that — the pronoun opens the stanza and its noun does not arrive until the second pāda, रात्रिम्. Mallinātha puts them back together at once, तां रात्रिं नीत्वा. Which night it is has been settled by the stanza before: the one the cloud spends over Ujjayinī

  • pronoun, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    कस्यांचित्

    printed कस्यांचिद्भवनवलभौ

    किम् + चित्

    of some house or other — the indefinite, and the same word that made the poem's first line indefinite: कश्चिद् यक्षः, a certain yakṣa. Here it does the same work for a place. The cloud is not to look for a particular roof, which is what makes the halt an ordinary traveller's halt. It is किम् with the particle चित्, which makes it indefinite

  • i-stem feminine, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    भवनवलभौ

    printed कस्यांचिद्भवनवलभौ

    वलभि

    on the roof-ridge — glossed आच्छादनोपरिभागः out of Halāyudha, the top part of a house's covering. The locative is where the night is spent, and it is a small enough place that the cloud has to be imagined shrunk to it. The ending is worth a look: a feminine stem in short इ is only optionally treated as a नदी-stem, so the locative may be वलभौ or वलभ्याम्, and the verse takes the first. The locative singular is वलभौ, the ordinary ending; a feminine short-i stem may also be declined like a नदी-stem and give वलभ्याम्, and the two are alternatives

  • ā-stem feminine, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    सुप्तपारावतायाम्

    printed सुप्तपारावतायां

    पारावता, the feminine पारावत takes at the end of a bahuvrīhi describing the ledge

    dove — Mallinātha fixes it with Amara, who puts पारावत, कलरव and कपोत together as one bird. The word is old and its parts are visible: पारावत is what comes from the far bank, पार, which is a name given to a bird that arrives from somewhere else and stays. पारावत is an a-stem masculine as a noun and takes ā here to agree with वलभि, as हस्त became हस्ता at 1.37

  • √नी + क्त्वा

    नीत्वा

    √नी

    having passed — the absolutive, which ties an action to the main verb as the thing done first. √नी is to lead, and with a stretch of time as its object it is to lead the time along, to get through it. The main verb it hangs on is वाहयेत् two pādas later, so the whole night stands between the two words

  • i-stem feminine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    रात्रिम्

    printed रात्रिं

    रात्रि

    the night — the object of नीत्वा, and an accusative of the stretch of time gone through. It answers the नक्तम् of 1.39: there the night was when the women went out, here it is what the cloud has to get to the end of

  • a-stem neuter, पञ्चमी एकवचन ablative singular

    चिरविलसनात्

    विलसन, from वि + √लस्

    flashing — glossed स्फुरण, the throb or quiver of a light. विलसन is an action noun in अन from वि + √लस्, to play or shine out, so the word is the lightning's playing rather than a single flash. The ablative gives the cause of खिन्न

  • a-stem masculine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    खिन्नविद्युत्कलत्रः

    कलत्र

    wife — कलत्र is neuter when it stands on its own, which is worth noticing about a word that means a wife; at the end of a bahuvrīhi describing the cloud it takes the cloud's gender and comes out कलत्रः. Mallinātha's vigraha writes it in the neuter, विद्युदेव कलत्रम्, and the masculine only appears when the whole compound is put back together. कलत्र is neuter as a noun and masculine here, taking the gender of the cloud the bahuvrīhi describes

    खिन्नविद्युत्कलत्रः, “your lightning-wife worn out,” makes the cloud's lightning his wife and gives the fancy its whole tenderness. The compound is a bahuvrīhi, “he whose wife, the lightning, is worn out,” and Mallinātha's vigraha ends by naming whom it points at, यस्य सः — the cloud. कलत्र, “wife,” is neuter when it stands alone, which is worth noticing of a word for a wife; here it is folded into the bahuvrīhi and takes the cloud's own masculine. She is खिन्न, “tired,” चिरविलसनात्, “from flashing so long” — so the night's halt is asked for on her account: let the lightning rest.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.40: khinnaṃ vidyudeva kalatraṃ yasya sa khinnavidyutkalatraḥ

  • √दृश् + क्त, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    दृष्टे

    दृष्ट, from √दृश्

    seen — and Mallinātha writes in the word that makes it a locative absolute, सति: सूर्ये दृष्टे सति, 'the sun being seen'. Then he replaces the participle: उदिते सति, 'risen'. The verse says seen and means risen, and the difference is the whole of the poem's habit of giving a thing by somebody's sight of it

    सूर्ये दृष्टे is a locative absolute, the construction that sets a whole clause in the seventh case to mean “when this had happened.” Both the noun and its participle go to the locative — सूर्ये, “the sun,” and दृष्टे, “seen” — and Mallinātha writes in the सति that names the construction, सूर्ये दृष्टे सति, “the sun being seen.” So the cloud is not to travel and then see the sun, but to travel once the sun is seen: the rising of the sun is the condition the halt waits on, and the resumed road, अध्वशेषम्, “the rest of the way,” begins where the night stopped it.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.40: sūrye dṛṣṭe sati punarapyadhvaśeṣaṃ vāhayet

  • a-stem masculine, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    सूर्ये

    सूर्य

    the sun — the other half of the locative absolute, and the thing whose rising ends the halt. The construction puts both words in the locative and no conjunction between them: 'the sun seen', and the main clause follows

  • अव्यय

    पुनः

    printed पुनरपि

    पुनर्

    again — the journey has been broken and is to be taken up where it stopped. Mallinātha carries the pair पुनरपि over untouched

  • अव्यय

    अपि

    printed पुनरपि

    अपि

    — the particle adds nothing translatable to पुनर् and strengthens it: not merely again but again after all that. The two stand together often enough to be read as one word

  • at-stem masculine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    भवान्

    भवत्

    your honour — the polite 'you', which the yakṣa has used to the cloud since 1.22 and which is why the verb below it stands in the third person and not the second. It is also the word the bahuvrīhi of the pāda above points at: the one whose lightning-wife is tired. भवत् is the polite word for you and stands where a pronoun would, but its endings are the ordinary at-stem ones

  • √वह् with णिच्, class 1, विधिलिङ्, parasmaipada, third person singular

    वाहयेत्

    printed वाहयेदध्वशेषं

    √वह् with णिच्

    should travel — the causative of √वह्, to carry, so literally 'should make the rest of the road be carried over'. The optative is the request, and the third person goes with भवान् rather than with a second-person 'you'. Mallinātha carries the verb over and does not gloss it, which is what he does when the causative is doing nothing unusual

  • a-stem masculine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    अध्वशेषम्

    printed वाहयेदध्वशेषं

    शेष

    remainder — what is left over, from √शिष् with the affix अ. The road is not measured from the start again; the stanza counts only what has not been flown yet, which is how a traveller counts

  • मन्द with क्यष्, a denominative, class 1, लट्, atmanepada, third person plural

    मन्दायन्ते

    मन्द, made into a verb by क्यष्

    go slow — a verb made out of an adjective. Mallinātha names both rules: लोहितादिडाज्भ्यः क्यष् puts the affix क्यष् after मन्द and the other words of the लोहित list, in the sense of becoming what one was not before, and वा क्यषः is what lets the verb take the middle endings, which is why the form is मन्दायन्ते and not मन्दायन्ति. His gloss is a paraphrase of the whole construction rather than of the word: न मन्दा भवन्ति हि, 'they do not become slow, do they', and then न विलम्बन्ते, 'they do not dawdle'. DCS tags the form parasmaipada, which the ending will not bear

    मन्दायन्ते, “they go slow,” is a verb built out of an adjective, and Mallinātha names the two rules that build it. मन्द is “slow”; लोहितादिडाज्भ्यः क्यष् puts the affix क्यष् after such an adjective to make a verb of it, “to be slow, to act slow,” and the आ that shows in मन्दाय- is part of that क्यष् machinery. The line it closes is a maxim: सुहृदामभ्युपेतार्थकृत्याः न खलु मन्दायन्ते, “those who have taken a friend's business on surely do not go slow.” खलु, glossed हि, is the particle that marks the words as a general truth, and न after the verb is where a negative sits in a saying.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.40: mandāyante | “lohitāḍiḍājbhyaḥ kyaṣ” … mandāyanta iti | na khalu na hi

  • अव्यय

    न

    न

    not — the negative that turns the last pāda into a general saying. It stands after the verb, which is where a negative goes when the sentence is a maxim rather than a denial of something just claimed

  • अव्यय

    खलु

    खलु

    surely, as everyone knows — Mallinātha renders it हि, the particle of a reason given. It is what marks the pāda as a piece of common wisdom quoted at the cloud rather than a claim about this cloud, and the poem uses that turn to end a stanza more than once

  • d-stem masculine, षष्ठी बहुवचन genitive plural

    सुहृदाम्

    printed सुहृदामभ्युपेतार्थकृत्याः

    सुहृद्

    of friends — glossed मित्राणाम्. सुहृद् is सु + हृद्, good-hearted, a bahuvrīhi that has become the ordinary word for a friend. Its genitive is what stands outside the compound after it and governs a member inside, which is the difficulty Mallinātha then has to answer

  • a-stem masculine, प्रथमा बहुवचन nominative plural

    अभ्युपेतार्थकृत्याः

    printed सुहृदामभ्युपेतार्थकृत्याः

    कृत्य, which the feminine कृत्या becomes at the end of a bahuvrīhi describing men

    doing — कृत्या is √कृ with the affix क्यप् and the feminine ā, an action turned into a noun, and Mallinātha glosses it क्रिया. He fixes its senses from Yādava — कृत्या क्रियादेवतयोः कार्ये स्त्री कुपिते त्रिषु — and takes the affix out of the च of कृञः श च rather than from the body of the sūtra. The nominative plural is the subject of मन्दायन्ते, and it names nobody: the sentence is about anyone at all who has taken the job on. कृत्या is a feminine noun and loses its ā at the end of a bahuvrīhi that describes masculines, which is the reverse of what पारावत does in the first pāda

चिरविलसनात् · खिन्नविद्युत्कलत्रः · भवान् · कस्यांचित् · सुप्तपारावतायाम् · भवनवलभौ · ताम् · रात्रिम् · नीत्वा · सूर्ये · दृष्टे · पुनः · अपि · अध्वशेषम् · वाहयेत् · सुहृदाम् · अभ्युपेतार्थकृत्याः · न · खलु · मन्दायन्ते

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, whose commentary is written as anvaya; he takes the bahuvrīhi and its head first, then the place, then the night“ciraṃ vilasanātsphuraṇātkhinnaṃ vidyudeva kalatraṃ yasya sa bhavān … kasyāñcidbhavanavalabhau … tāṃ rātriṃ nītvā sūrye dṛṣṭe sati … punarapyadhvaśeṣaṃ vāhayet | tathāhi suhṛdāṃ … kṛtyā kriyā yaiste … na mandāyante khalu”

the dependency structure

वाहयेत् · क्रिया — should travel; the causative of √वह्, ‘should make the rest of the road be carried over’, and the optative is the request

भवान् · कर्ता — your honour; the polite ‘you’ the yakṣa has used to the cloud since 1.22, and why the verb stands in the third person

खिन्नविद्युत्कलत्रः · बहुव्रीहि agreeing with भवान् — your lightning-wife worn out, खिन्नं विद्युदेव कलत्रं यस्य

चिरविलसनात् · अपादान by case, हेतु by force — from flashing so long, चिरस्फुरणात्

नीत्वा · having passed — the absolutive, the thing done first; √नी, to lead, of a stretch of night led through

ताम् · agreeing with रात्रिम् — that; the pronoun opens the stanza, its noun arriving only in the second pāda

रात्रिम् · कर्म of नीत्वा — the night; an accusative of the stretch of time gone through, the answer to the नक्तम् of 1.39

भवनवलभौ · अधिकरण — on the roof-ridge of some house, गृहाच्छादनोपरिभागः, the top of a house's covering

कस्यांचित् · agreeing with भवनवलभौ — of some house or other; the indefinite, the same word that made the poem's first line indefinite

सुप्तपारावतायाम् · agreeing with भवनवलभौ — where the doves are asleep, सुप्ताः पारावताः यस्यां तस्याम्

दृष्टे · अधिकरण / locative absolute — the sun being seen, सूर्ये दृष्टे सति; the rising that ends the halt

सूर्ये · the other half of the locative absolute — the sun whose seeing ends the wait

अध्वशेषम् · कर्म — the rest of the road; from √शिष् with the affix अ, the road not measured from the start but continued

पुनः · again — the journey broken and to be taken up where it stopped, पुनरपि

अपि · — strengthens पुनर्, not merely again but again after all that

मन्दायन्ते · क्रिया — go slow; a verb made from an adjective by क्यष्, and the last pāda a general saying

अभ्युपेतार्थकृत्याः · कर्ता — those who have taken a friend's business on; कृत्या is √कृ with क्यप्, an action turned into a noun

सुहृदाम् · षष्ठी — of friends, मित्राणाम्; सुहृद्, ‘good-hearted’, the ordinary word for a friend

न · not — turns the last pāda into a saying; it stands after the verb, where a negative goes in a maxim

खलु · surely, as everyone knows — हि, the particle of a reason given, the mark of a general truth

uncheckedMallinātha’s Sañjīvinī for the anvaya and the reading; the Telugu drawn from Vedam Venkataraya Sastri’s Āndhra Meghasandeśam and the Bālānandinī

Pass that night on the roof-ridge of some house where the doves are asleep, your lightning-wife worn out with flashing so long; and when the sun is seen again, travel the rest of the road. Those who have taken a friend's business on do not go slow.

uncheckedthe reader's reading, following Mallinātha's gloss

Pass that night on the roof-ridge of some house where the doves are asleep, your lightning-wife worn out with flashing so long; and when the sun is seen again, travel the rest of the road. Those who have taken a friend's business on do not go slow.

  • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.40, whole-verse gloss

No figure is named for this verse by the commentary this reading follows, so none is shown.