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मेघदूतम् · कालिदास · 1.43

गम्भीरा · the leave-taking that will not come

तस्याः किंचित् करधृतमिव प्राप्तवानीरशाखं

त
स्याः
किं
चि
त्क
र
धृ
त
मि
व
प्रा
प्त
वा
नी
र
शा
खं

नीत्वा नीलं सलिलवसनं मुक्तरोधोनितम्बम्

नी
त्वा
नी
लं
स
लि
ल
व
स
नं
मु
क्त
रो
धो
नि
त
म्बम्

प्रस्थानं ते कथमपि सखे लम्बमानस्य भावि

प्र
स्था
नं
ते
क
थ
म
पि
स
खे
ल
म्ब
मा
न
स्य
भा
वि

ज्ञातास्वादो विवृतजघनां को विहातुं समर्थः

ज्ञा
ता
स्वा
दो
वि
वृ
त
ज
घ
नां
को
वि
हा
तुं
स
म
र्थः

pāda a

  • तguruthe conjunct स्य that follows it
  • स्याःguruthe visarga it carries
  • किंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • चिguruthe conjunct त्क that follows it
  • त्कlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • धृlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • वguruthe conjunct प्र that follows it
  • प्राguruits long vowel आ
  • प्तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • वाguruits long vowel आ
  • नीguruits long vowel ई
  • रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • शाguruits long vowel आ
  • खंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — किंचित्
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — करधृतमिव

pāda b

  • नीguruits long vowel ई
  • त्वाguruits long vowel आ
  • नीguruits long vowel ई
  • लंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • सlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • वlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • सlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • मुguruthe conjunct क्त that follows it
  • क्तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रोguruits long vowel ओ
  • धोguruits long vowel ओ
  • निlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तguruthe conjunct म्ब्म that follows it
  • म्बम्guruthe end of the pāda, which counts the last syllable heavy
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — नीलं
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — सलिलवसनं

pāda c

  • प्रguruthe conjunct स्थ that follows it
  • स्थाguruits long vowel आ
  • नंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • तेguruits long vowel ए
  • कlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • थlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • पिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • सlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • खेguruits long vowel ए
  • लguruthe conjunct म्ब that follows it
  • म्बlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • माguruits long vowel आ
  • नguruthe conjunct स्य that follows it
  • स्यlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • भाguruits long vowel आ
  • विlaghuits short vowel — light on its own, though the pāda ends here
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — ते
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — सखे

pāda d

  • ज्ञाguruits long vowel आ
  • ताguruits long vowel आ
  • स्वाguruits long vowel आ
  • दोguruits long vowel ओ
  • विlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • वृlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • जlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • घlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नांguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • कोguruits long vowel ओ
  • विlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • हाguruits long vowel आ
  • तुंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • सlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मguruthe conjunct र्थ that follows it
  • र्थःguruthe visarga it carries
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — ज्ञातास्वादो
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — विवृतजघनां

  • करधृतम् + इव → करधृतमिव

    म् + इ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • प्राप्तवानीरशाखम् + नीत्वा → प्राप्तवानीरशाखं

    म् + न्

  • नीलम् + सलिलवसनम् → नीलं

    म् + स्

  • सलिलवसनम् + मुक्तरोधोनितम्बम् → सलिलवसनं

    म् + म्

  • प्रस्थानम् + ते → प्रस्थानं

    म् + त्

  • कथम् + अपि → कथमपि

    म् + अ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • ज्ञातास्वादः + विवृतजघनाम् → ज्ञातास्वादो

    ः + व्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • विवृतजघनाम् + कः → विवृतजघनां

    म् + क्

  • कः + विहातुम् → को

    ः + व्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • विहातुम् + समर्थः → विहातुं

    म् + स्

  • कर + धृत → करधृतम्

    अ + ध्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • प्राप्त + वानीर → प्राप्तवानीरशाखम्

    अ + व्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • वानीर + शाखा → प्राप्तवानीरशाखम्

    अ + श्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • सलिल + वसन → सलिलवसनम्

    अ + व्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • मुक्त + रोधस् → मुक्तरोधोनितम्बम्

    अ + र्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • रोधस् + नितम्ब → मुक्तरोधोनितम्बम्

    स् + न्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • ज्ञात + आस्वाद → ज्ञातास्वादः

    अ + आ → आ · falls inside the syllable ता

  • विवृत + जघन → विवृतजघनाम्

    अ + ज्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

The fourth pāda joins two words by turning a visarga to ओ. ज्ञातास्वादः + विवृतजघनाम् gives ज्ञातास्वादो विवृतजघनां, and कः + विहातुम् gives को विहातुं: a nominative's final visarga, which is the स् of the ending turned to रुँ (8.2.66 ससजुषो रुः), becomes उ before a voiced consonant (6.1.114 हशि च), and the अ before it and that उ fuse to ओ (6.1.87 आद्गुणः). Three word-final म् in the stanza become anusvāra before a following consonant (8.3.23 मोऽनुस्वारः): प्रस्थानं ते, नीलं सलिलवसनं, विवृतजघनां को. Where a म् meets a vowel it is simply kept — करधृतमिव, कथमपि — because no rule fires there.

  • Chinnaya Sūri, Bālavyākaraṇam — సంధిపరిచ్ఛేదము; vendor/balavyakaranam-sandhi.txt

  • तस्याः षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word

  • नीलम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

    with किंचित्

  • सलिलवसनम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

    with करधृतम्, प्राप्तवानीरशाखम्, मुक्तरोधोनितम्बम्

  • प्रस्थानम् प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • ते षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word

  • सखे सम्बोधन · vocative — the one addressed

  • लम्बमानस्य षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word

  • भावि प्रथमा · nominative — विधेय — the sentence's predicate, standing where a finite verb would

    This is the one verse of the canto with no finite verb. Its first sentence — ते प्रस्थानं कथमपि भावि — is built on भावि, 'will come about', which is भाविन् (√भू with the affix णिनि, 3.2.126 ‘one who is going to be’) put in the neuter to agree with प्रस्थानम्. A नाम, not a तिङन्त, carries the sentence: it does the work of a future without being a tense. So the tree roots here, at the predicate, rather than at a verb the verse does not have, and the role says so. Mallinātha carries भावि over without a gloss and only supplies the adverb कृच्छ्रेण in front of it, which is the surest sign he too reads it as the predicate that needs nothing added.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.43: te tava prasthānaṃ prayāṇaṃ kathamapi kṛcchreṇa bhāvi

  • कः प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

    with ज्ञातास्वादः

  • समर्थः प्रथमा · nominative — विधेय — the predicate of the second sentence, not its subject

    The stanza's second sentence — ज्ञातास्वादो विवृतजघनां को विहातुं समर्थः — is verbless too, a nominal sentence whose subject is कः and whose predicate is समर्थः, 'able'. समर्थः is nominative like कः, but it is not a second subject: it is what is said of कः, and it governs the infinitive विहातुम् in front of it. The tree hangs this whole sentence from भावि as the reason for the first, which is how Mallinātha frames it — the leaving only just comes about because, once the taste is known, no one is able to go.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.43: kaḥ pumān … vihātuṃ tyaktuṃ samarthaḥ | na ko'pītyarthaḥ

प्रकरण 1 · हलन्त्यम्

प्रकरण 2 · इको यणचि

प्रकरण 3 · स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः

प्रकरण 4 · वा शरि

प्रकरण 5 · अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्

प्रकरण 6 · औङ आपः

प्रकरण 7 · अतोऽम्

प्रकरण 8 · हो ढः

प्रकरण 11 · स्वरादिनिपातमव्ययम्

प्रकरण 12 · लः कर्मणि च भावे चाकर्मकेभ्यः

प्रकरण 16 · स्वादिभ्यः श्नुः

प्रकरण 34 · ण्वुल्तृचौ

प्रकरण 36 · तुमुन्ण्वुलौ क्रियायां क्रियार्थायाम्

प्रकरण 48 · शेषे

प्रकरण 60 · स्त्रियाम्

not in the abridgement

करधृतम्

कर · धृत

  1. करेण धृतम्

    तत्पुरुष (instrumental) — held by the hand

तत्पुरुष — it agrees with सलिलवसनम्. held in the hand — Mallinātha glosses हस्तावलम्बितम्, hanging from the hand, and supplies the participle the इव needs: स्थितम्, 'standing as if'. कर here is the hand, where at 1.41 the same word was the sun's ray and the commentary had to say so. The whole phrase describes the water: it is being drawn off like a garment, and the branch it has caught on is the hand holding it

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who supplies स्थितम्“kiñcidīṣatkaradhṛtaṃ hastāvalambitamiva sthitam”

प्राप्तवानीरशाखम्

प्राप्त · वानीर · शाखा

  1. वानीरस्य शाखा

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — a branch of riverside cane

  2. प्राप्ता वानीरशाखा येन तत्

    बहुव्रीहि — the garment that has caught on it

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to सलिलवसनम्. caught on a branch of cane — Mallinātha's vigraha is प्राप्ता वानीरशाखा वेतसशाखा येन तत्, and he fixes वानीर by वेतस, the cane that grows along a riverbank. The compound is the first of three in this stanza whose last member changes gender to agree with what it describes: शाखा is feminine, and inside a bahuvrīhi qualifying the neuter सलिलवसनम् it stands as शाखम्. Then he draws the consequence with अत एव, 'and just for that reason': because the water has caught on the cane, it hangs as though a hand were holding it

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī“prāptā vānīraśākhā vetasaśākhā yena tattathoktamataeva kiñcidīṣatkaradhṛtam”

सलिलवसनम्

सलिल · वसन

  1. सलिलम् एव वसनम्

    कर्मधारय — the water, and it is her dress

कर्मधारय. the water that is her dress — Mallinātha writes the एव into his gloss and names whose water it is: तस्या गम्भीरायाः सलिलमेव वसनम्. The identification is the stanza: once the river's water is a garment, drawing it off bares her, and everything else in the verse follows from that one compound

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī“nīlaṃ kṛṣṇavarṇaṃ tasyā gambhīrāyāḥ salilameva vasanaṃ nītvāpanīya”

मुक्तरोधोनितम्बम्

मुक्त · रोधस् · नितम्ब

  1. रोधः एव नितम्बः

    कर्मधारय — the bank, and it is her hip

  2. मुक्तः रोधोनितम्बः येन तत्

    बहुव्रीहि — the garment that has let those hips go

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to सलिलवसनम्. leaving the bank that is her hips bare — Mallinātha glosses मुक्त by त्यक्त, let go, and रोधस् by तट, the bank, and puts the एव between the bank and the hip. He fixes नितम्ब from Yādava, who gives it the back of the hips, a mountain's slope, and the waist — and it is the mountain sense that makes the word work for a riverbank at all. The second of the stanza's three gender changes: नितम्ब is masculine as a noun and stands neuter here

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, citing Yādava; the transcription runs the end of the vigraha together and the यस्य clause is restored“muktastyakto rodhastaṭameva nitambaḥ … tattathoktam || “nitambaḥ paścime śroṇibhāge'drikaṭake kaṭau” iti yādavaḥ”

ज्ञातास्वादः

ज्ञात · आस्वाद

  1. ज्ञातः आस्वादः येन सः

    बहुव्रीहि — the man who has known the taste of it

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to कः. having once known the taste — Mallinātha glosses अनुभूतरसः, one who has experienced the flavour, and रस is both a taste and a feeling, so the gloss keeps the compound's double life. He introduces the whole pāda as the reason for the difficulty: कृच्छ्रत्वे हेतुमाह, 'he gives the cause of its being hard'

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī“kṛcchratve hetumāha — jñāteti || jñātāsvādo'nubhūtarasaḥ”

विवृतजघनाम्

विवृत · जघन

  1. विवृतं जघनं यस्याः सा, ताम्

    बहुव्रीहि — the one whose hips are uncovered

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to ताम्. her hips uncovered — Mallinātha glosses विवृत by प्रकटीकृत, made plain, and fixes जघन from Yādava as the waist or the front of it. His vigraha ends यस्यास्ताम्, supplying the woman the whole stanza has not named: what is described is the river, and what is meant is a woman, and the compound is the place where the two stop being separable. The third gender change of the stanza, and it runs the other way: जघन is neuter as a noun and takes ā here because it describes her

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, citing Yādava; the word it points at is his own यस्यास्ताम्“vivṛtaṃ prakaṭīkṛtaṃ jaghanaṃ kaṭistatpūrvabhāgo vā yasyāstām || “jaghanaṃ syātkaṭau pūrvaśroṇimāgāparāṃśayoḥ” iti yādavaḥ”

  • pronoun, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular

    तस्याः

    तद्

    her — the Gambhīrā's, carried over from the stanza before without her being named again. Mallinātha writes the name back in when he glosses, तस्या गम्भीरायाः, because by the time the genitive finds its noun two pādas have gone by

  • pronoun, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    किंचित्

    किम् + चित्

    a little — glossed ईषत्, slightly. The indefinite neuter used adverbially, and the same word that made the yakṣa a certain yakṣa at 1.1 and some house or other at 1.40. Here it measures rather than leaves vague: the garment is held only a little, which is why it is coming away. It is किम् with the particle चित्, and the neuter stands as an adverb

  • √धृ + क्त, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    करधृतम्

    printed करधृतमिव

    धृत, from √धृ

    held — the ordinary passive क्त, held by something rather than holding, which is what the instrumental first member requires. The neuter agrees with सलिलवसनम् across a pāda break

  • अव्यय

    इव

    printed करधृतमिव

    इव

    as if — and Mallinātha supplies the participle it wants, स्थितम्: the water stands as though held. The particle is doing less than it looks: only the hand is imagined, and the branch and the water are both there

  • a-stem neuter, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    प्राप्तवानीरशाखम्

    printed प्राप्तवानीरशाखं

    शाख, which the feminine शाखा becomes at the end of a bahuvrīhi describing a neuter

    branch — of वानीर, which Mallinātha fixes as वेतस, the cane that grows in water along a bank. It is the one solid thing in the stanza: everything else is water, cloth or a body, and the branch is what the cloth catches on. शाखा is a feminine noun and stands as a neuter here, taking the gender of the garment the compound describes

  • √नी + क्त्वा

    नीत्वा

    √नी

    having drawn it off — glossed अपनीय, having taken away, so Mallinātha reads the bare root as though it carried अप. It is the same absolutive that ended 1.40's first half, नीत्वा रात्रिम्, where the object was a night; here the object is a garment. DCS reads हृत्वा, from √हृ, where this text and the commentary read नीत्वा

  • a-stem neuter, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    नीलम्

    printed नीलं

    नील

    dark — glossed कृष्णवर्णम्, black-coloured, which is what नील is: the word covers the whole range from black through blue-black to blue, and a commentator who wants one of them has to say which. Here it is the colour of deep water, and it is also the colour of a woman's clothes in this poem

  • a-stem neuter, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    सलिलवसनम्

    printed सलिलवसनं

    वसन

    dress — वसन is from √वस् in its other sense, to put on, so the word is simply 'what is worn'. It is the word the three bahuvrīhis of the stanza all point at, and every one of them changes gender to reach it

    सलिलवसनम्, ‘the water that is her dress’, is the compound the whole stanza rests on: Mallinātha writes the एव into his gloss, सलिलमेव वसनम्, so the water is not like a garment but is one. Once the river's water is her clothing, drawing it off bares her, and everything else follows. Three bahuvrīhis describe that garment, and each changes gender to reach the neuter वसनम्: प्राप्तवानीरशाखम्, ‘caught on a branch of cane’, where the feminine शाखा stands as शाखम्; मुक्तरोधोनितम्बम्, ‘leaving bare the bank that is her hips’, where the masculine नितम्ब stands neuter; and करधृतम्, ‘held’, as though a hand were holding it. The description is of a river, and the thing meant is a woman, and this compound is where the two stop being separable.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.43: tasyā gambhīrāyāḥ salilameva vasanaṃ nītvāpanīya

  • a-stem neuter, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    मुक्तरोधोनितम्बम्

    नितम्ब

    hip — and Mallinātha's citation from Yādava is what licenses the whole image: नितम्ब is the back of the hips, the slope of a hill, and the waist. A word that already does duty for a hillside will do for a riverbank without being stretched, which is why the identification with रोधस् needs no argument. नितम्ब is masculine as a noun and neuter here, taking the gender of the garment the bahuvrīhi describes

  • a-stem neuter, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    प्रस्थानम्

    printed प्रस्थानं

    प्रस्थान

    setting out — glossed प्रयाणम्. It is the subject of भावि, so the sentence says not 'you will leave with difficulty' but 'your leaving will come about somehow', which puts the departure at a distance from the one who has to make it

  • pronoun, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular

    ते

    युष्मद्

    your — Mallinātha again replaces the enclitic with the full form, ते तव, as he did at 1.42

  • अव्यय

    कथम्

    printed कथमपि

    कथम्

    how — the question word, which with अपि after it stops being a question and becomes 'somehow'. Mallinātha glosses the pair कृच्छ्रेण, with difficulty, so what the two words say together is 'only just'

  • अव्यय

    अपि

    printed कथमपि

    अपि

    — the particle that turns कथम् from a question into an indefinite, the same way चित् turns किम् into किंचित् in the first pāda. Both are in this stanza, doing the same work by different means

  • i-stem masculine, सम्बोधन एकवचन vocative singular

    सखे

    सखि

    friend — the vocative, and the yakṣa calls the cloud सखे here for the first time in a long stretch of भवान् and त्वम्. The form is worth stopping at: सखि is one of the irregular stems, and Pāṇini's सख्युरसम्बुद्धौ makes the strong endings णित् after it — which is what gives सखा and सखायम् — except in the vocative singular. So the one cell of this word that is regular is the one the verse uses. सखि is irregular in every case but this one: it takes अनङ् before the strong endings and makes सखा, सखायम्, सख्या, but the vocative singular is excepted and comes out regular

  • √लम्ब् + शानच्, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular

    लम्बमानस्य

    लम्बमान, from √लम्ब्

    hanging low — and Mallinātha gives it twice, which is the clearest statement anywhere in this stanza that the whole thing has two readings at once: पीतसलिलभराल्लम्बमानस्य, 'sagging under the weight of the water you have drunk', and then अन्यत्र जघनारूढस्य, 'in the other sense, of one who lies upon her hips'. One participle, one cloud, two pictures, and he does not choose between them. DCS tags the form a past participle in क्त, which the -मान will not bear

  • in-stem neuter, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    भावि

    भाविन्, from √भू with णिनि

    will come about — भाविन् is 'one who is going to be', built on √भू with the affix णिनि, and it does the work of a future tense without being one. The neuter agrees with प्रस्थानम्: the departure is what is going to happen. Mallinātha carries the word over without a gloss and only supplies the adverb in front of it. It is neuter here, agreeing with प्रस्थानम्

    This is the only verse in the canto with no finite verb, and the whole reading turns on that. भावि is भाविन्, ‘one who is going to be’, built on √भू with the affix णिनि and put in the neuter to agree with प्रस्थानम्; it stands as the sentence's predicate and does a future tense's work without being one. So the sentence says not ‘you will leave only just’ but ‘your leaving will somehow come about’ — प्रस्थानम्, the setting-out, is the subject, and the departure is held at a distance from the one who has to make it. Mallinātha carries भावि over without glossing it and only supplies the adverb in front, कृच्छ्रेण, ‘with difficulty’; कथमपि, ‘how-even’, is कथम् turned by अपि from a question into ‘somehow’. Because the verse holds no तिङन्त, the dependency tree roots here, at the predicate नाम, rather than at a verb it does not have.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.43: te tava prasthānaṃ prayāṇaṃ kathamapi kṛcchreṇa bhāvi

  • a-stem masculine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    ज्ञातास्वादः

    printed ज्ञातास्वादो

    आस्वाद

    taste — glossed by रस in Mallinātha's अनुभूतरसः, and रस is the word for a flavour and for a feeling both, which is exactly the reach the stanza wants. आस्वाद is आ + √स्वद्, tasting all round, so it is the savouring rather than the flavour

  • ā-stem feminine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    विवृतजघनाम्

    printed विवृतजघनां

    जघना, which the neuter जघन becomes at the end of a bahuvrīhi describing a woman

    hips — fixed from Yādava as the waist, the front of the hips, or the parts behind and below. The accusative is the object of विहातुम्, and it is the only place in the stanza where the woman is grammatically present: the river has been the subject throughout, and here a feminine accusative appears with no noun to belong to. जघन is a neuter noun and takes ā here to agree with the woman the compound describes, as हस्त became हस्ता at 1.37

  • pronoun, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    कः

    printed को

    किम्

    who — Mallinātha writes in the noun, कः पुमान्, 'what man', and then answers the question at the end of his gloss: न कोऽपीत्यर्थः, 'that is, nobody'. The rhetorical question is the stanza's last move, and it turns a description of a river into a remark about people

  • √हा + तुमुन्

    विहातुम्

    printed विहातुं

    वि + √हा

    to leave — glossed त्यक्तुम्, to let go. The infinitive depends on समर्थः, which is one of the words the grammar names as taking तुमुन्, alongside 'be able' and 'dare'. DCS tags the form only as a verbal indeclinable, and `scripts/draft-analysis.ts` again read that as an absolutive in ल्यप् — the second time in three verses

  • a-stem masculine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    समर्थः

    समर्थ

    able — सम् + अर्थ, 'having the matter together', so the word for capable is built out of a word for a purpose. It governs the infinitive in front of it, and with कः in front of that the sentence needs no verb at all

    The second sentence is a question, and it is verbless like the first: को विहातुं समर्थः, ‘who is able to leave?’ कः is the subject, समर्थः the predicate, and समर्थः governs the infinitive विहातुम्, ‘to let go’ — one of the words the grammar names as taking a तुमुन्. Mallinātha writes the noun in, कः पुमान्, ‘what man’, and then answers his own question at the end of the gloss, न कोऽपीत्यर्थः, ‘that is, nobody’. And he ties it to the first sentence as its cause: कृच्छ्रत्वे हेतुमाह, ‘he states the reason it is hard’ — the departure barely comes about because, once the taste is known (ज्ञातास्वादः, अनुभूतरसः), no one can leave a woman with her hips uncovered. The tree hangs this sentence from भावि for exactly that reason.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.43: kṛcchratve hetumāha … kaḥ pumān … vihātuṃ tyaktuṃ samarthaḥ | na ko'pītyarthaḥ

सखे · तस्याः · प्राप्तवानीरशाखम् · किंचित् · करधृतम् · इव · मुक्तरोधोनितम्बम् · नीलम् · सलिलवसनम् · नीत्वा · लम्बमानस्य · ते · प्रस्थानम् · कथम् · अपि · भावि · ज्ञातास्वादः · कः · विवृतजघनाम् · विहातुम् · समर्थः

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, whose commentary is written as anvaya and opens with the vocative“he sakhe, prāptā vānīraśākhā … kiñcidīṣatkaradhṛtaṃ … iva sthitam | muktastyakto rodhastaṭameva nitambaḥ … nīlaṃ kṛṣṇavarṇaṃ … salilameva vasanaṃ nītvāpanīya … lambamānasya … te tava prasthānaṃ prayāṇaṃ kathamapi kṛcchreṇa bhāvi … jñātāsvādo … kaḥ pumān vivṛtaṃ … jaghanaṃ … vihātuṃ tyaktuṃ samarthaḥ”

the dependency structure

भावि · विधेय — will come about; the predicate the sentence turns on, भाविन् built on √भू with णिनि, standing where a finite verb would and doing a future's work without being one

प्रस्थानम् · उद्देश्य — the subject, प्रयाणम्; your setting-out, and it is what will come about, not you who will do it

ते · षष्ठी — your, ते तव; the long form written back in for the enclitic

लम्बमानस्य · agreeing with ते — hanging low, of you; a present-middle participle Mallinātha reads two ways at once, sagging under the water you have drunk and lying upon her hips

नीत्वा · पूर्वकालक्रिया — having drawn it off, अपनीय; the absolutive whose act comes before the leaving

सलिलवसनम् · कर्म — the water that is her dress, सलिलम् एव वसनम्; the object drawn off, and the compound the whole stanza rests on

तस्याः · षष्ठी — her, the Gambhīrā's, carried over from the stanza before without her being named

नीलम् · agreeing with सलिलवसनम् — dark, कृष्णवर्णम्; the colour of deep water and of a woman's clothes both

करधृतम् · agreeing with सलिलवसनम् — held, हस्तावलम्बितम्; a bahuvrīhi describing the garment, caught as though by a hand

किंचित् · adverb — a little, ईषत्; the garment is held only just, which is why it is coming away

प्राप्तवानीरशाखम् · agreeing with सलिलवसनम् — caught on a branch of cane, प्राप्ता वानीरशाखा येन; the one solid thing in a stanza of water and cloth and body

इव · as if — the particle, and Mallinātha supplies the participle it wants, स्थितम्: the water stands as though a hand held it

मुक्तरोधोनितम्बम् · agreeing with सलिलवसनम् — leaving the bank that is her hips bare, मुक्तः रोधोनितम्बः येन; the second bahuvrīhi, drawn off from the slope

कथम् · adverb — how, which with अपि after it stops being a question and becomes 'somehow'

अपि · particle — the word that turns कथम् into an indefinite, कृच्छ्रेण, 'only just'

सखे · सम्बोधन — friend; the yakṣa calls the cloud सखे here, हे सखे, after a long stretch of भवान् and त्वम्

समर्थः · विधेय, and here the reason — able, शक्तः; the predicate of the second sentence, hung from भावि because it says why the leaving barely comes about: no one who has tasted can go

कः · कर्ता — who, कः पुमान्; the rhetorical subject, and Mallinātha answers it, न कोऽपि, 'nobody'

ज्ञातास्वादः · agreeing with कः — having known the taste, अनुभूतरसः; and रस is a flavour and a feeling both

विहातुम् · infinitive — to leave, त्यक्तुम्; the तुमुन् समर्थः governs, one of the words the grammar names as taking an infinitive

विवृतजघनाम् · कर्म of विहातुम् — a woman with her hips uncovered, विवृतं जघनं यस्याः; the one feminine accusative in a stanza whose subject has been the river

uncheckedMallinātha’s Sañjīvinī for the anvaya and the reading, which construes the verse as two verbless sentences turning on भावि and समर्थः; the Telugu drawn from Vedam Venkataraya Sastri’s Āndhra Meghasandeśam

You will get away only just, friend, hanging low as you are, once you have drawn off her dark water-dress — caught a little on a branch of cane, as though a hand were holding it, and leaving the bank that is her hips bare. Who, having once known the taste, is able to leave a woman with her hips uncovered?

uncheckedthe reader's reading, following Mallinātha's gloss

Once you have drawn off her dark water-dress — caught a little on a branch of cane, as though a hand were holding it, and leaving bare the bank that is her hips — your setting-out, friend, hanging low as you are, will only just come about. Who, having once known the taste, is able to leave a woman with her hips uncovered?

  • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.43, whole-verse gloss

No figure is named for this verse by the commentary this reading follows, so none is shown.