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मेघदूतम् · कालिदास · 2.37

गवाक्ष · the watch of silence, if she is asleep

तस्मिन् काले जलद यदि सा लब्धनिद्रासुखा स्याद्

त
स्मि
न्का
ले
ज
ल
द
य
दि
सा
ल
ब्ध
नि
द्रा
सु
खा
स्याद्

अन्वास्यैनां स्तनितविमुखो याममात्रं सहस्व

अ
न्वा
स्यै
नां
स्त
नि
त
वि
मु
खो
या
म
मा
त्रं
स
ह
स्व

मा भूदस्याः प्रणयिनि मयि स्वप्नलब्धे कथंचित्

मा
भू
द
स्याः
प्र
ण
यि
नि
म
यि
स्व
प्न
ल
ब्धे
क
थं
चित्

सद्यःकण्ठच्युतभुजलताग्रन्थि गाढोपगूढम्

स
द्यः
क
ण्ठ
च्यु
त
भु
ज
ल
ता
ग्र
न्थि
गा
ढो
प
गू
ढम्

pāda a

  • तguruthe conjunct स्म that follows it
  • स्मिguruthe conjunct न्क that follows it
  • न्काguruits long vowel आ
  • लेguruits long vowel ए
  • जlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • दlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • यlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • दिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • साguruits long vowel आ
  • लguruthe conjunct ब्ध that follows it
  • ब्धlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • निguruthe conjunct द्र that follows it
  • द्राguruits long vowel आ
  • सुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • खाguruits long vowel आ
  • स्याद्guruthe end of the pāda, which counts the last syllable heavy
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — काले
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — सा

pāda b

  • अguruthe conjunct न्व that follows it
  • न्वाguruits long vowel आ
  • स्यैguruits long vowel ऐ
  • नांguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • स्तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • निlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • विlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • खोguruits long vowel ओ
  • याguruits long vowel आ
  • मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • माguruits long vowel आ
  • त्रंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • सlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • हguruthe conjunct स्व that follows it
  • स्वlaghuits short vowel — light on its own, though the pāda ends here
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — अन्वास्यैनां
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — स्तनितविमुखो

pāda c

  • माguruits long vowel आ
  • भूguruits long vowel ऊ
  • दguruthe conjunct स्य that follows it
  • स्याःguruthe visarga it carries
  • प्रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • णlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • यिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • निlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • यिguruthe conjunct स्व that follows it
  • स्वguruthe conjunct प्न that follows it
  • प्नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लguruthe conjunct ब्ध that follows it
  • ब्धेguruits long vowel ए
  • कlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • थंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • चित्guruthe end of the pāda, which counts the last syllable heavy
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — भूदस्याः
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — मयि

pāda d

  • सguruthe conjunct द्य that follows it
  • द्यःguruthe visarga it carries
  • कguruthe conjunct ण्ठ that follows it
  • ण्ठguruthe conjunct च्य that follows it
  • च्युlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • भुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • जlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • ताguruits long vowel आ
  • ग्रguruthe conjunct न्थ that follows it
  • न्थिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • गाguruits long vowel आ
  • ढोguruits long vowel ओ
  • पlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • गूguruits long vowel ऊ
  • ढम्guruthe end of the pāda, which counts the last syllable heavy
  • yati after 4 — it falls inside the compound कण्ठच्युतभुजलताग्रन्थि
  • yati after 10 — it falls inside the compound कण्ठच्युतभुजलताग्रन्थि

  • स्यात् + अन्वास्य → स्याद्

    त् + अ

  • अन्वास्य + एनाम् → अन्वास्यैनां

    अ + ए → ऐ

  • स्तनितविमुखः + याममात्रम् → स्तनितविमुखो

    ः + य्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • याममात्रम् + सहस्व → याममात्रं

    म् + स्

  • भूत् + अस्याः → भूदस्याः

    त् + अ

  • सद्यः + कण्ठच्युतभुजलताग्रन्थि → सद्यःकण्ठच्युतभुजलताग्रन्थि

    ः + क्

  • लब्ध + निद्रा → लब्धनिद्रासुखा

    अ + न्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • निद्रा + सुखा → लब्धनिद्रासुखा

    आ + स्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • स्तनित + विमुख → स्तनितविमुखः

    अ + व्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • याम + मात्र → याममात्रम्

    अ + म्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • स्वप्न + लब्ध → स्वप्नलब्धे

    अ + ल्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • कण्ठ + च्युत → कण्ठच्युतभुजलताग्रन्थि

    अ + च्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • च्युत + भुज → कण्ठच्युतभुजलताग्रन्थि

    अ + भ्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • भुज + लता → कण्ठच्युतभुजलताग्रन्थि

    अ + ल्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • लता + ग्रन्थि → कण्ठच्युतभुजलताग्रन्थि

    आ + ग्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

A word-final त् voices to द् at the end of its pada before a vowel by Pāṇini 8.2.39 झलां जशोऽन्ते: स्यात् before अन्वास्य gives स्याद्, and भूत् before अस्याः gives भूद् — मा भूदस्याः. अन्वास्य + एनाम् makes ऐ, वृद्धि by 6.1.88 वृद्धिरेचि — अन्वास्यैनाम् — and स्तनितविमुखः + याम- makes ओ before the voiced य् by 6.1.113 अतो रोरप्लुतादप्लुते — स्तनितविमुखो याम. Inside गाढ + उपगूढ the अ and उ make ओ, गुण by 6.1.87 आद्गुणः — गाढोपगूढ. A word-final म् becomes anusvāra before a consonant by 8.3.23 मोऽनुस्वारः — एनां स्तनितविमुखो, याममात्रं सहस्व — and the visarga of अस्याः and सद्यः stands before the voiceless प् and क् of प्रणयिनि and कण्ठ-.

  • Chinnaya Sūri, Bālavyākaraṇam — సంధిపరిచ్ఛేదము; vendor/balavyakaranam-sandhi.txt

  • तस्मिन् सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location

  • काले सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location

  • जलद सम्बोधन · vocative — the one addressed

    with स्तनितविमुखः

  • सा प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

    with लब्धनिद्रासुखा

  • एनाम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

  • याममात्रम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

  • अस्याः षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word

  • प्रणयिनि सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location

  • मयि सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location

    with स्वप्नलब्धे

  • गाढोपगूढम् प्रथमा · nominative — a क्त that names the act, not a participle of it

    with कण्ठच्युतभुजलताग्रन्थि

    गाढोपगूढम् looks like a past participle but is not one in the ordinary way. Mallinātha names the category: नपुंसके भावे क्तः, Pāṇini 3.3.114, which puts क्त after a root to name the action itself (the भाव) when the word is neuter. So उपगूढम् is not 'embraced' but 'an embracing', a noun, and he glosses it गाढालिङ्गनम्, a close embrace. That is a fourth thing DCS's single tag `f=part` has to cover — beside क्त proper, शतृ and शानच् — and the one that is not a participle at all. Without the rule the line would read 'let the tightly-embraced thing not be…', which is not what it says: it says let the tight embracing not come undone.

    • Aṣṭādhyāyī — 3.3.114 नपुंसके भावे क्तः
    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.37: gāḍhopagūḍhaṃ gāḍhāliṅganam | napuṃsake bhāve ktaḥ

प्रकरण 1 · हलन्त्यम्

  • हलन्त्यम् 1.3.3← स्यात्; अन्वास्य; सहस्व; भूत्; स्वप्नलब्धे
  • तस्य लोपः 1.3.9← काले; जलद; स्यात्; अन्वास्य; स्तनितविमुखः; सहस्व; भूत्; स्वप्नलब्धे; गाढोपगूढम्
  • सुप्तिङन्तं पदम् 1.4.14← स्यात्; अन्वास्य; सहस्व; भूत्; स्वप्नलब्धे; गाढोपगूढम्

प्रकरण 2 · इको यणचि

प्रकरण 3 · स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः

प्रकरण 4 · वा शरि

प्रकरण 5 · अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्

प्रकरण 6 · औङ आपः

प्रकरण 7 · अतोऽम्

प्रकरण 8 · हो ढः

प्रकरण 11 · स्वरादिनिपातमव्ययम्

प्रकरण 12 · लः कर्मणि च भावे चाकर्मकेभ्यः

प्रकरण 13 · अदिप्रभृतिभ्यः शपः

प्रकरण 34 · ण्वुल्तृचौ

प्रकरण 36 · तुमुन्ण्वुलौ क्रियायां क्रियार्थायाम्

प्रकरण 48 · शेषे

प्रकरण 59 · इवे प्रतिकृतौ

प्रकरण 60 · स्त्रियाम्

not in the abridgement

लब्धनिद्रासुखा

लब्ध · निद्रा · सुखा

  1. निद्रायाः सुखम्

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the ease of sleep

  2. लब्धं निद्रासुखं यया सा

    बहुव्रीहि — she who has come by the ease of sleep

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to सा. having got the ease of sleep — Mallinātha gives the vigraha whole, लब्धं निद्रासुखं यया तादृशी. **The compound is a hope and not a description**: the whole stanza hangs on यदि, *if*, so the cloud is being instructed for a case that may not arise. And what she is to have got is not sleep but the ease of it — सुख rather than निद्रा — which is the difference between a body at rest and a body that has stopped fighting

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who unpacks सा मत्प्रिया लब्धं निद्रासुखं यया तादृशी स्यात्; DCS gives the members as लभ्, निद्रा and सुख, marking the first a participle and lemmatising सुख in the neuter with `g=f`, so that `scripts/draft-analysis.ts` returned no stem class for the head“sā matpriyā labdhaṃ nidrāsukhaṃ yayā tādṛśī syād yadi syāc cet”

स्तनितविमुखः

स्तनित · विमुख

  1. स्तनितात् विमुखः

    तत्पुरुष (ablative) — turned away from thundering

तत्पुरुष — it agrees with जलद. with your back turned on thunder — Mallinātha glosses गर्जितपराङ्मुखो निःशब्दः सन्, facing away from the roar, silent, and adds the reason: अन्यथा निद्राभङ्गः स्यादिति भावः, otherwise her sleep would break. **It is the only thing the cloud is asked not to do in the whole poem.** Everything else has been go, look, tell; this is *be quiet*, and it is put as a compound rather than a prohibition so that the silence is a posture and not an order

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses स्तनितविमुखो गर्जितपराङ्मुखो निःशब्दः सन् and adds अन्यथा निद्राभङ्गः स्यादिति भावः; DCS gives the members as स्तनित and विमुख“stanitavimukho garjitaparāṅmukho niḥśabdaḥ san | anyathā nidrābhaṅgaḥ syād iti bhāvaḥ”

याममात्रम्

याम · मात्र

  1. यामः एव याममात्रम्

    कर्मधारय — a watch and no more

कर्मधारय. a watch and no more — Mallinātha glosses प्रहरमात्रम् and quotes Amara that the two words are one thing, द्वौ यामप्रहरौ समौ: a याम is three hours, an eighth of the day. **And then he says why it is exactly that long**, out of a manual: तथा च रतिसर्वस्वे — and so in the Ratisarvasva — एकवारावधिर्यामो रतस्य परमो मतः, a watch is held the outside limit of a single bout, for a vigorous young pair. His reasoning is that a dream must take as long as the thing it dreams. **So the cloud's wait is measured out of a book of erotics**, which is the fifth handbook produced in this passage

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses याममात्रं प्रहरमात्रम्, cites “द्वौ यामप्रहरौ समौ” इत्यमरः and quotes the Ratisarvasva with शक्तयोरेकवारसुरतस्य यामावधिकत्वात्स्वप्नेऽपि तथा भवितव्यमित्यभिप्रायः; DCS gives the members as याम and मात्र. Neither the Ratisarvasva nor its verse can be checked, since it is not in this repository; the quoted verse is corrupt in its fourth quarter and is read only for what it is cited to prove“śaktayor ekavārasuratasya yāmāvadhikatvāt svapne 'pi tathā bhavitavyam ity abhiprāyaḥ | tathā ca ratisarvasve — “ekavārāvadhir yāmo ratasya paramo mataḥ””

स्वप्नलब्धे

स्वप्न · लब्ध

  1. स्वप्ने लब्धः, तस्मिन्

    तत्पुरुष (locative) — got hold of in a dream

तत्पुरुष — it agrees with मयि. when I have been come by in a dream — the second half of a locative absolute with मयि, and Mallinātha supplies the सति. **The dream is the one 2.31 asked for.** There she wanted sleep so that a dream might bring him — मत्संभोगः कथमुपनमेत् स्वप्नजोऽपि — and here the dream has been granted and the cloud is asked not to spoil it. Six stanzas apart, the request and the answer, and the same compound-final लब्ध stands in both this word and the first pāda's

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses कथंचित्कृच्छ्रेण स्वप्नलब्धे सति; DCS gives the members as स्वप्न and लभ्, marking the second a participle. The link to 2.31 is the reader's“asyāḥ priyāyāḥ praṇayini preyasi mayi kathaṃcit kṛcchreṇa svapnalabdhe sati”

कण्ठच्युतभुजलताग्रन्थि

कण्ठ · च्युत · भुज · लता · ग्रन्थि

  1. भुजौ एव लते

    कर्मधारय — arms that are creepers

  2. भुजलतयोः ग्रन्थिः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the knot the two arm-creepers make

  3. कण्ठात् च्युतः भुजलताग्रन्थिर्यस्य तत्, तत्

    बहुव्रीहि — of which the arm-knot has slipped from the neck

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to गाढोपगूढम्. with the knot of her arms slipped from his neck — Mallinātha unpacks it exactly: कण्ठाच्च्युतः स्रस्तो भुजलतयोर्ग्रन्थिर्बन्धो यस्य तत्. **The picture is precise and physical**: two arms round a neck are a knot, and a knot comes undone. What the compound describes is not the embrace but the embrace's undoing, and the whole stanza's प्रार्थना is that this should not happen — मा भूत्. He closes with the plain paraphrase: कथंचिल्लब्धस्यालिङ्गनस्य सद्यो विघातो मा भूदित्यर्थः, may there be no immediate ruin of an embrace got with such difficulty

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who unpacks कण्ठाच्च्युतः स्रस्तो भुजलतयोर्ग्रन्थिर्बन्धो यस्य तत् and paraphrases कथंचिल्लब्धस्यालिङ्गनस्य सद्यो विघातो मा भूदित्यर्थः; DCS gives the members as कण्ठ, च्यु, भुज and लता with ग्रन्थि as the head“kaṇṭhāc cyutaḥ srasto bhujalatayor granthir bandho yasya tat”

  • pronoun, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    तस्मिन्

    तद्

    at that — and Mallinātha says which: तस्मिन्काले त्वदुपसर्पणकाले, the time of your coming up to her. **The pronoun points at nothing in this stanza**; it reaches back to the arrival that 2.35 and 2.36 have been predicting the omens of

  • a-stem masculine, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    काले

    काल

    at the moment — a locative of time, and the fourth in six stanzas after आद्ये विरहदिवसे, शापस्यान्ते and संभोगान्ते. **The passage is dense with times because it is arranging one**: the cloud is being told what to do at a particular hour of a particular night

  • a-stem masculine, सम्बोधन एकवचन vocative singular

    जलद

    जलद

    cloud — the vocative, and the poem's plainest name for its messenger: *water-giver*. **It is the seventeenth vocative in the corpus and the third time this particular word is used**, after 1.13 and 1.64; the last address was भ्रातः at 2.34, and the poem has come back from kinship to the flat description

  • अव्यय

    यदि

    यदि

    if — Mallinātha glosses it with the other conditional particle, चेत्, and writes the verb in twice around it: स्याद्यदि स्याच्चेत्. **The whole stanza is inside the condition** and there is no main clause for it: what follows the *if* is not a *then* but an imperative, so the cloud is given an instruction that may never be triggered

  • pronoun, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    सा

    तद्

    she — Mallinātha writes in मत्प्रिया, *my beloved*, and it is the first time since 2.28 that he supplies a word of the speaker's rather than त्वत्सखी, *your friend*. **The stanza is where the message stops being addressed through the cloud and starts being about the two of them**, and his gloss follows the turn

  • ā-stem feminine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    लब्धनिद्रासुखा

    सुख, taking ā-stem feminine endings at the end of a bahuvrīhi

    having got the ease of sleep — the last member of the bahuvrīhi, feminine because it describes her. **Its own gender is neuter**, and the shift is the ordinary behaviour of a compound's last member, the same thing that made वृत्तिः masculine at 2.33 and पार्श्वाम् feminine at 2.29. The neuter सुख is declined as a feminine because the compound describes सा

  • √अस्, class 2, विधिलिङ्, parasmaipada, third person singular

    स्यात्

    printed स्याद्

    √अस् of the second class

    should be — the optative of the verb *to be*, which is what a conditional clause takes when the case is uncertain rather than assumed. **The stanza's four verbs are four moods**: this optative, the imperative सहस्व, the prohibitive मा भूत्, and no indicative at all. Nothing in it is asserted to be happening

  • √आस् + ल्यप्

    अन्वास्य

    printed अन्वास्यैनां

    √आस् with अनु

    having sat down beside her — Mallinātha glosses पश्चादासित्वा, having sat behind. **And then he names why it can take an object at all**: उपसर्गवशात्सकर्मकत्वम्, it is transitive by force of the preverb. √आस्, to sit, governs nothing on its own; अनु in front of it makes *sit beside*, and *beside* needs something to be beside. That is a rule about what a preverb does to a root's grammar rather than to its meaning, and it is the first of its kind in the run. The affix is ल्यप् and not क्त्वा because a preverb stands in front, by Pāṇini 7.1.37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप् — the drafting script's default gets it right here

  • pronoun, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    एनाम्

    printed अन्वास्यैनां

    एनद्

    her — and एनद् is not a pronoun of its own but a substitute: Pāṇini 2.4.34 द्वितीयाटौस्स्वेनः puts एन in place of इदम् and एतद् in the second case, the instrumental singular and the locative dual, **and only when the thing has already been spoken of**. So the word carries a back-reference in its shape: it can be used at all only because she has been the subject for twelve stanzas. Mallinātha adds what state she is in, एनां निद्राणाम्, *her, asleep*

  • a-stem masculine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    स्तनितविमुखः

    printed स्तनितविमुखो

    विमुख

    turned away — a nominative agreeing with the cloud, who is the subject of the imperative. Mallinātha adds a सन् to make it a circumstance: निःशब्दः सन्, *being silent*. **विमुख is literally face-turned-away**, so what is asked is a posture and not a silence, and the poem gets the cloud to hold its thunder by asking it to look elsewhere

  • a-stem neuter, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    याममात्रम्

    printed याममात्रं

    मात्र

    just a watch — an accusative of duration, the case that answers *how long*. मात्र on the end of a word is *no more than*, and Mallinātha keeps it in his gloss, प्रहरमात्रम्. **The measure is exact and the reason is in a book**: he quotes the Ratisarvasva that a watch is the outside length of one bout of love, and argues that a dream of one must take as long

    The wait is measured out of a manual. याममात्रम् is a watch, three hours, which Mallinātha checks against Amara, द्वौ यामप्रहरौ समौ, and then justifies out of the Ratisarvasva — एकवारावधिर्यामो रतस्य परमो मतः, a watch is the outside limit of a single bout for a vigorous young pair — with the argument that a dream of one must take as long as one. So the cloud's silence is timed by a book of erotics, which is the fifth handbook produced since 2.22, after the Sāmudrika, the śāstra of observance, the ten states of love, and the two books of omens.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.37: yāmamātraṃ praharamātram | “ekavārāvadhir yāmo ratasya paramo mataḥ”

  • √सह्, class 1, लोट्, atmanepada, second person singular

    सहस्व

    √सह् of the first class

    bear it — and Mallinātha turns it into something gentler, प्रतीक्षस्व, *wait*. **Then he names the sense of the mood**: प्रार्थनायां लोट्, the imperative used for asking, which is one of the seven senses Pāṇini 3.3.162 लोट् च carries over from 3.3.161. **That is the same category he named at 2.31 for a different lakāra**, प्रार्थनायां लिङ्, so the poem has now asked for something twice in six stanzas and the commentary has marked both. The form is middle, since √सह् is an ātmanepada root with no active

    The stanza asks the cloud for the one thing the poem has not asked: silence. Everything until now has been go, look, say. Here it is स्तनितविमुखः, with your face turned from thundering, which Mallinātha glosses निःशब्दः सन् and explains in four words — अन्यथा निद्राभङ्गः स्यादिति भावः, otherwise her sleep would break. And the whole instruction sits inside a यदि with no then after it: nothing here is asserted to happen, only asked for if she is asleep. सहस्व he softens to प्रतीक्षस्व, wait — the cloud is to hold out one watch and no longer.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.37: stanitavimukho garjitaparāṅmukho niḥśabdaḥ san | anyathā nidrābhaṅgaḥ syād iti bhāvaḥ

  • अव्यय

    मा

    मा

    let there not be — the prohibitive particle, which takes an aorist with no augment on it. Mallinātha renders the pair with the other prohibitive, मा भून्मास्तु. **It is the only prohibition in the message**, and what it forbids is not the cloud's doing but an event: not *do not wake her* but *let the embrace not come apart*

  • √भू, class 1, लुङ्, parasmaipada, third person singular

    भूत्

    printed भूदस्याः

    √भू of the first class

    let it be — the aorist **without its augment**, which is what मा requires: Pāṇini 6.4.74 न माङ्योगे takes the अट् away in the aorist, the imperfect and the conditional when मा stands with them. So the form is not अभूत् but भूत्, and the missing अ is the whole grammatical content of the prohibition. **The drafting script could not name the lakāra at all** and left it blank, because DCS's tag is `l=lun_unaug`, a value with no Sanskrit name behind it

  • pronoun, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular

    अस्याः

    printed भूदस्याः

    इदम्

    her — Mallinātha glosses अस्याः प्रियायाः, as he did at 2.36. **It is the second इदम् for her in two stanzas** where the whole passage before used तद्; the near demonstrative keeps her in front of the speaker, and the genitive here belongs with the embrace and not with the dream

  • in-stem masculine, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    प्रणयिनि

    प्रणयिन्, from √नी with प्र and णिनि

    her lover — agreeing with मयि, so the locative absolute is *I, her lover, having been got*. Mallinātha glosses प्रेयसि, the dearest. **It is the seventh णिनि agent adjective in the poem** and the first the speaker uses of himself; the word is प्र + √नी, one who leads love forward, and the affix names it as what he characteristically is

  • pronoun, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    मयि

    अस्मद्

    I having been — the first half of the stanza's second locative absolute, after त्वयि आसन्ने at 2.35. **The two absolutes are the two halves of the poem's situation**: *you being near* and *I having been got in a dream*, one of them true and the other only wished

  • √लभ् + क्त, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    स्वप्नलब्धे

    लब्ध, from √लभ् with क्त

    got hold of — the past participle of √लभ्, and the same participle stands in the first pāda's लब्धनिद्रासुखा. **Twice in one stanza the verb is *getting***: she is to have got sleep, and in it she is to have got him. The sound changes are the pair the poem keeps making — भ् turns the त् of the participle into ध् by Pāṇini 8.2.40 झषस्तथोर्धोऽधः, and then becomes ब् before it by 8.4.53 झलां जश् झशि, exactly as बुध् made बुद्ध at 2.30 and बन्ध् made बद्ध at 2.32

  • अव्यय

    कथंचित्

    कथंचित्

    somehow — Mallinātha glosses कृच्छ्रेण, *with difficulty*, which is the sense the word carries when what was got was hard to get. **It is the answer to the कथम् of 2.31.** There she asked मत्संभोगः कथमुपनमेत् — how could being with him come to me? — and Mallinātha glossed that कथम् केनापि प्रकारेण, by any means at all. Here the means has been found and the word is the same

    And this is the answer to 2.31. There she asked for sleep so that a dream might bring him — मत्संभोगः कथमुपनमेत् स्वप्नजोऽपि — and Mallinātha glossed the कथम् केनापि प्रकारेण, by any means at all. Here the means has been found and the word comes back as कथंचित्, which he glosses कृच्छ्रेण, with difficulty. Six stanzas apart, the request and its granting stand in the same particle: she wished union might come somehow, even in a dream, and here she has somehow, कथंचित्, come by him in one — and the whole of the cloud's silence is asked so that the dream will last its watch.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.37: kathaṃcit kṛcchreṇa svapnalabdhe sati

  • अव्यय

    सद्यः

    printed सद्यःकण्ठच्युतभुजलताग्रन्थि

    सद्यस्

    at once — Mallinātha glosses तत्क्षणम्, that very instant, and construes it with the prohibition rather than with the compound: सद्यो विघातो मा भूत्, let there be no immediate ruin. **The word measures the whole risk.** A याम is asked for and an instant is what would undo it, and the two time-words stand at either end of the stanza

  • i-stem neuter, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    कण्ठच्युतभुजलताग्रन्थि

    printed सद्यःकण्ठच्युतभुजलताग्रन्थि

    ग्रन्थि

    knot — the last member of a bahuvrīhi, neuter because what it describes is. Mallinātha glosses it बन्धः, a binding. **The word is the ordinary one for a knot in a rope or a joint in a stalk**, and putting it on a pair of arms is what makes the arms a thing that can come untied. It is also, in the same word, the joint of a creeper: भुजलता has already turned them into vines. The masculine ग्रन्थि is declined as a neuter because the compound describes गाढोपगूढम्

  • √गुह् + क्त, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    गाढोपगूढम्

    उपगूढ, from √गुह् with उप and क्त in the neuter, denoting the act

    a tight embrace — **and it is not a participle at all in the ordinary way.** Mallinātha names the category: नपुंसके भावे क्तः, Pāṇini 3.3.114, which puts क्त after a root to name the *action itself* when the word is neuter. So उपगूढम् is not *embraced* but *an embracing*, a noun; he glosses it गाढालिङ्गनम्, a close embrace. **That is a fourth thing DCS's `f=part` covers** — beside क्त proper, शतृ and शानच् — and the one that is not a participle at all. Without the rule the line reads *let the tightly-embraced [thing] not be…*, which is not what it says

जलद · तस्मिन् · काले · सा · लब्धनिद्रासुखा · यदि · स्यात् · एनाम् · अन्वास्य · स्तनितविमुखः · याममात्रम् · सहस्व · अस्याः · प्रणयिनि · मयि · कथंचित् · स्वप्नलब्धे · सति [supplied] · सद्यः · कण्ठच्युतभुजलताग्रन्थि · गाढोपगूढम् · मा · भूत्

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, whose commentary runs as anvaya. **One word has to be supplied**, सति, which completes the locative absolute — स्वप्नलब्धे सति — as it completed त्वय्यासन्ने सति at 2.35. He also writes in मत्प्रिया beside सा and सन् beside स्तनितविमुखः, but both are glosses. What he moves is the second pāda: एनाम् he takes in front of अन्वास्य, so the object stands before the absolutive that governs it, where the verse prints them fused the other way round. The fourth pāda he keeps whole and hangs it on the मा भूत् of the third“he jalada, tasmin kāle tvadupasarpaṇakāle sā matpriyā labdhaṃ nidrāsukhaṃ yayā tādṛśī syād yadi syāc cet | enāṃ nidrāṇām anvāsya … stanitavimukho garjitaparāṅmukho niḥśabdaḥ san … yāmamātraṃ praharamātram … sahasva pratīkṣasva … asyāḥ priyāyāḥ praṇayini preyasi mayi kathaṃcit kṛcchreṇa svapnalabdhe sati | gāḍhopagūḍhaṃ gāḍhāliṅganam … sadyas tatkṣaṇaṃ kaṇṭhāc cyutaḥ srasto bhujalatayor granthir bandho yasya tan mā bhūn mā astu”

the dependency structure

सहस्व · क्रिया — bear it, wait, प्रतीक्षस्व; the imperative to the cloud, and the instruction the stanza turns on. Mallinātha names the mood's use — प्रार्थनायां लोट्, the imperative used for asking, the same category he named at 2.31 as प्रार्थनायां लिङ्. The verb is middle, √सह् being ātmanepada throughout. The conditional स्यात् opens the stanza and the prohibition मा भूत् closes it; there is no indicative anywhere in it

जलद · सम्बोधन — cloud; the poem's plainest name for its messenger, water-giver, and the seventeenth vocative in the corpus — after भ्रातः at 2.34 the poem comes back from kinship to the flat description

स्यात् · क्रिया — should be; the optative of the conditional, यदि ... स्यात्, which is what an if-clause takes when the case is uncertain. The whole stanza is inside the condition and there is no then-clause for it — only an imperative

यदि · — if, चेत्; the conditional particle, so the cloud is given an instruction that may never be triggered

तस्मिन् · agreeing with काले — at that; the pronoun points at nothing in this stanza, reaching back to the arrival 2.35 and 2.36 read the omens of — तस्मिन्काले त्वदुपसर्पणकाले

काले · कालाधिकरण — at the moment; the fourth locative of time in six stanzas, because the passage is arranging one

सा · कर्ता — she, मत्प्रिया; the first word of the speaker's Mallinātha supplies since 2.28, where he had written त्वत्सखी — the message has turned to being about the two of them

लब्धनिद्रासुखा · विधेय, agreeing with सा — having come by the ease of sleep, लब्धं निद्रासुखं यया; the predicate of the conditional

अन्वास्य · पूर्वकालक्रिया — having sat down beside her, पश्चादासित्वा; an absolutive that governs an object by force of its preverb

एनाम् · कर्म — her, एनां निद्राणाम्; the object of अन्वास्य, in a form that can be used only of a thing already spoken of

स्तनितविमुखः · विशेषण of the cloud — with your face turned from thunder, गर्जितपराङ्मुखो निःशब्दः सन्; a posture asked for, so the cloud holds its thunder by looking elsewhere

याममात्रम् · कालमान — for just a watch, प्रहरमात्रम्; an accusative of duration, three hours, the outside length of one bout of love by the Ratisarvasva

भूत् · क्रिया — let it be; the augmentless aorist the prohibition मा takes — the only prohibition in the message. What it forbids is not the cloud's doing but an event: let the embrace not come apart

मा · निषेध — let there not be; the prohibitive particle, which takes an aorist with no augment

सद्यः · — at once, तत्क्षणम्; construed with the prohibition, सद्यो विघातो मा भूत् — a watch is asked for and an instant is what would undo it

मयि · the locative absolute — I having been; the stanza's second absolute, after त्वयि आसन्ने at 2.35, and the wished half against the true one

प्रणयिनि · agreeing with मयि — her lover, प्रेयसि; the seventh णिनि agent adjective in the poem and the first the speaker uses of himself

स्वप्नलब्धे · agreeing with मयि — got hold of in a dream, स्वप्ने लब्धः; twice in one stanza the verb is getting — she gets sleep, and in it she gets him

सति · — being; the participle Mallinātha supplies to complete the absolute, स्वप्नलब्धे सति

कथंचित् · — somehow, कृच्छ्रेण; the answer to 2.31's कथम् — there she asked how union might come, here the means has been found

गाढोपगूढम् · उद्देश्य — a tight embrace, गाढालिङ्गनम्; a भावे क्त, the naming of the act itself, so it is a noun and not a participle — the thing that must not come apart at once

कण्ठच्युतभुजलताग्रन्थि · agreeing with गाढोपगूढम् — its knot of arm-creepers slipping from the neck, बन्धः; the arms made a thing that can come untied, भुजलता having turned them to vines

अस्याः · षष्ठी — her, अस्याः प्रियायाः; the arms are hers, the genitive belonging with the embrace and not the dream

uncheckedMallinātha’s Sañjīvinī for the anvaya and the reading, who supplies सति for the absolute and मत्प्रिया beside सा, glosses सहस्व as प्रतीक्षस्व (प्रार्थनायां लोट्) and स्तनितविमुखः as निःशब्दः सन्, times the watch out of the Ratisarvasva, matches कथंचित् to the कथम् of 2.31, names अन्वास्य transitive by its preverb and गाढोपगूढम् a भावे क्त, and defends the sleep here against the sleeplessness of 2.28 by the ten-state scheme; the Telugu drawn from Vedam Venkataraya Sastri’s Āndhra Meghasandeśam. The tree roots at the imperative सहस्व, with the conditional स्यात् and the prohibition मा भूत् as the clauses around it.

Cloud, if at that hour she has come by the ease of sleep, sit down behind her, turn your face from thunder, and hold out for one watch and no longer. Let the knot her arms have made round my neck — when I have somehow been come by, in a dream, I who am her lover — not slip from it that very instant. **The stanza asks the cloud for the one thing the poem has not asked: silence.** Everything until now has been *go*, *look*, *say*. Here it is स्तनितविमुखः, *with your face turned from thundering*, which Mallinātha glosses निःशब्दः सन् and explains in four words — अन्यथा निद्राभङ्गः स्यादिति भावः, otherwise her sleep would break. And the whole instruction sits inside a यदि with no *then* after it: nothing here is asserted to happen. **The wait is measured out of a manual.** याममात्रम् is a watch, three hours, which Mallinātha checks against Amara and then justifies out of the Ratisarvasva — एकवारावधिर्यामो रतस्य परमो मतः, a watch is the outside limit of a single bout for a vigorous young pair — with the argument that a dream of one must take as long as one. **So the cloud's silence is timed by a book of erotics**, which is the fifth handbook produced since 2.22. **And this is the answer to 2.31.** There she asked for sleep so that a dream might bring him — मत्संभोगः कथमुपनमेत् स्वप्नजोऽपि — and Mallinātha glossed the कथम् केनापि प्रकारेण, by any means at all. Here the means has been found and the word comes back as कथंचित्, which he glosses कृच्छ्रेण, with difficulty. Six stanzas apart, the request and its granting, in the same particle. **Then he defends the poem against itself.** न चात्र निद्रोक्तिः “तामुन्निद्राम्” इति पूर्वोक्तेन निद्राच्छेदेन विरुध्यते — the mention of sleep here does not contradict the sleeplessness spoken of earlier in *tām unnidrām*, which is 2.28. His answer uses the scheme he set out at 2.33: पुनः सप्तम्याद्यवस्थासु पाक्षिकनिद्रासम्भवात्, because in the seventh and later of the ten states sleep does come and go — with the Rasaratnākara quoted, that clinging, weeping, **sleep**, shamelessness, meaningless speech and delusion arise in those states. **The ten-state scheme is not decoration**: it is doing work here, resolving an inconsistency between two stanzas six apart, and it is the sixth checkable cross-reference in the commentary and the first raised as an objection to the poet. **Three points of grammar carry the rest.** अन्वास्य takes an object, and √आस् has none of its own: उपसर्गवशात्सकर्मकत्वम्, it is transitive by force of the preverb. सहस्व is प्रार्थनायां लोट्, the imperative used for asking — the same category he named at 2.31 for the optative. And गाढोपगूढम् is नपुंसके भावे क्तः, Pāṇini 3.3.114: a क्त in the neuter naming the action itself, so the word is not *embraced* but *an embrace*. No figure is named.

uncheckedthe reader's reading, following Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī's gloss. His are: त्वदुपसर्पणकाले for तस्मिन्काले, मत्प्रिया for सा, the vigraha of लब्धनिद्रासुखा, पश्चादासित्वा with उपसर्गवशात्सकर्मकत्वम्, निद्राणाम् for एनाम्, गर्जितपराङ्मुखो निःशब्दः सन् with अन्यथा निद्राभङ्गः स्यादिति भावः, प्रहरमात्रम् with the Amara line and the Ratisarvasva verse, प्रतीक्षस्व with प्रार्थनायां लोट्, प्रेयसि for प्रणयिनि, कृच्छ्रेण for कथंचित्, गाढालिङ्गनम् with नपुंसके भावे क्तः, the vigraha of the last compound, and the defence against the निद्रा of 2.28 with the Rasaratnākara verse. That कथंचित् answers the कथम् of 2.31, that the two locative absolutes of 2.35 and 2.37 are the poem's two halves, and that this is the only prohibition in the message, are the reader's; “तामुन्निद्राम्” as the opening of 2.28's fourth pāda is checked against `text.md`, and the ten-state list against the quotation at 2.33. Neither the Ratisarvasva nor the Rasaratnākara is in this repository and neither citation can be checked“na cātra nidroktiḥ “tām unnidrām” iti pūrvoktena nidrācchedena virudhyate punaḥ saptamyādyavasthāsu pākṣikanidrāsambhavāt”

Then Mallinātha defends the poem against itself. न चात्र निद्रोक्तिः “तामुन्निद्राम्” इति पूर्वोक्तेन निद्राच्छेदेन विरुध्यते — the mention of sleep here does not contradict the sleeplessness spoken of earlier in tām unnidrām, which is 2.28. His answer uses the scheme he set out at 2.33: पुनः सप्तम्याद्यवस्थासु पाक्षिकनिद्रासम्भवात्, because in the seventh and later of the ten states sleep does come and go — with the Rasaratnākara quoted, that clinging, weeping, sleep, shamelessness and delusion arise in those states. So the ten-state scheme is not decoration: it is doing work here, resolving an inconsistency between two stanzas nine apart, and it is the first of his cross-references raised as an objection to the poet.

  • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.37: na cātra nidroktiḥ “tām unnidrām” iti pūrvoktena nidrācchedena virudhyate | punaḥ saptamyādyavasthāsu pākṣikanidrāsambhavāt

Cloud, if at that hour she has come by the ease of sleep, sit down behind her, turn your face from thunder, and hold out for one watch and no longer. Let the knot her arms have made round my neck — when I have somehow been come by, in a dream, I who am her lover — not slip from it that very instant. The stanza is the poem's one plea for stillness: the whole errand has been to reach her, and here, on the edge of reaching her, the cloud is asked to do nothing — to sit behind a sleeping woman, keep its thunder turned away, and give a dream its full watch before it wakes her.

  • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.37, whole-verse gloss

No figure is named for this verse by the commentary this reading follows, so none is shown.