मेघदूतम् · कालिदास · 2.15

यक्षगृह · the rainbow arch, and the tree reared as a son

तत्रागारं धनपतिगृहानुत्तरेणास्मदीयं

त
त्रा
गा
रं
ध
न
प
ति
गृ
हा
नु
त्त
रे
णा
स्म
दी
यं

दूराल्लक्ष्यं सुरपतिधनुश्चारुणा तोरणेन

दू
रा
ल्ल
क्ष्यं
सु
र
प
ति
ध
नु
श्चा
रु
णा
तो
र
णे
न

यस्योपान्ते कृतकतनयः कान्तया वर्धितो मे

य
स्यो
पा
न्ते
कृ
त
क
त
न
यः
का
न्त
या
व
र्धि
तो
मे

हस्तप्राप्यस्तबकनमितो बालमन्दारवृक्षः

ह
स्त
प्रा
प्य
स्त
ब
क
न
मि
तो
बा
ल
म
न्दा
र
वृ
क्षः

pāda a

  • तguruthe conjunct त्र that follows it
  • त्राguruits long vowel आ
  • गाguruits long vowel आ
  • रंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • धlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • पlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • गृlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • हाguruits long vowel आ
  • नुguruthe conjunct त्त that follows it
  • त्तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रेguruits long vowel ए
  • णाguruits long vowel आ
  • स्मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • दीguruits long vowel ई
  • यंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — तत्रागारं
  • yati after 10 — it falls inside the compound धनपतिगृहान्

pāda b

  • दूguruits long vowel ऊ
  • राguruits long vowel आ
  • ल्लguruthe conjunct क्ष्य that follows it
  • क्ष्यंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • सुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • पlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • धlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नुguruthe conjunct श्च that follows it
  • श्चाguruits long vowel आ
  • रुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • णाguruits long vowel आ
  • तोguruits long vowel ओ
  • रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • णेguruits long vowel ए
  • नlaghuits short vowel — light on its own, though the pāda ends here
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — दूराल्लक्ष्यं
  • yati after 10 — it falls inside the compound सुरपतिधनुश्चारुणा

pāda c

  • यguruthe conjunct स्य that follows it
  • स्योguruits long vowel ओ
  • पाguruits long vowel आ
  • न्तेguruits long vowel ए
  • कृlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • कlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • यःguruthe visarga it carries
  • काguruits long vowel आ
  • न्तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • याguruits long vowel आ
  • वguruthe conjunct र्ध that follows it
  • र्धिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तोguruits long vowel ओ
  • मेguruits long vowel ए
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — यस्योपान्ते
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — कृतकतनयः

pāda d

  • हguruthe conjunct स्त that follows it
  • स्तguruthe conjunct प्र that follows it
  • प्राguruits long vowel आ
  • प्यguruthe conjunct स्त that follows it
  • स्तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • बlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • कlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तोguruits long vowel ओ
  • बाguruits long vowel आ
  • लlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मguruthe conjunct न्द that follows it
  • न्दाguruits long vowel आ
  • रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • वृguruthe conjunct क्ष that follows it
  • क्षःguruthe visarga it carries
  • yati after 4 — a compound member ends here, inside हस्तप्राप्यस्तबकनमितः
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — हस्तप्राप्यस्तबकनमितो
  • तत्र + आगारम् → तत्रागारं

    अ + आ → आ

  • धनपतिगृहान् + उत्तरेण → धनपतिगृहानुत्तरेणास्मदीयं

    न् + उ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • उत्तरेण + अस्मदीयम् → धनपतिगृहानुत्तरेणास्मदीयं

    अ + अ → आ

  • दूरात् + लक्ष्यम् → दूराल्लक्ष्यं

    त् + ल्

  • यस्य + उपान्ते → यस्योपान्ते

    अ + उ → ओ

  • वर्धितः + मे → वर्धितो

    ः + म्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • हस्तप्राप्यस्तबकनमितः + बालमन्दारवृक्षः → हस्तप्राप्यस्तबकनमितो

    ः + ब्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • धन + पति → धनपतिगृहान्

    अ + प्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • पति + गृह → धनपतिगृहान्

    इ + ग्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • सुर + पति → सुरपतिधनुश्चारुणा

    अ + प्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • पति + धनुस् → सुरपतिधनुश्चारुणा

    इ + ध्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • धनुस् + चारु → सुरपतिधनुश्चारुणा

    स् + च्

  • कृतक + तनय → कृतकतनयः

    अ + त्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • हस्त + प्राप्य → हस्तप्राप्यस्तबकनमितः

    अ + प्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • प्राप्य + स्तबक → हस्तप्राप्यस्तबकनमितः

    अ + स्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • स्तबक + नमित → हस्तप्राप्यस्तबकनमितः

    अ + न्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • बाल + मन्दार → बालमन्दारवृक्षः

    अ + म्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • मन्दार + वृक्ष → बालमन्दारवृक्षः

    अ + व्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

Two visargas turn to ओ before a voiced consonant by Pāṇini 8.2.66 ससजुषो रुः, 6.1.114 हशि च and 6.1.87 आद्गुणः: वर्धितः before ह् gives वर्धितो हस्तप्राप्य, and नमितः before ब् gives नमितो बाल. A visarga before च् becomes श् by 8.3.34 विसर्जनीयस्य सः and 8.4.40 स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः: धनुश्चारुणा; before क् it is kept as a visarga by 8.3.15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः: कृतकतनयः कान्तया. An ablative in -त् before the ल् of लक्ष्यम् becomes ल् by 8.4.60 तोर्लि: दूराल्लक्ष्यम्. Word-final म् becomes anusvāra before a consonant by 8.3.23 मोऽनुस्वारः: आगारं धनपति, अस्मदीयं दूरात्, लक्ष्यं सुरपति. And vowels fuse inside the run: तत्र + आगारम् and उत्तरेण + अस्मदीयम् give आ by 6.1.101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः, यस्य + उपान्ते gives ओ by 6.1.87 आद्गुणः.

  • Chinnaya Sūri, Bālavyākaraṇam — సంధిపరిచ్ఛేదము; vendor/balavyakaranam-sandhi.txt
  • आगारम् प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • धनपतिगृहान् द्वितीया · accusative — accusative plural governed by an एनप्-word, not by a verb

    Two things about this word are worth a sentence, and Mallinātha gives each its rule. The accusative is by 2.3.31 एनपा द्वितीया: a word made with the affix एनप् — here उत्तरेण — puts the noun it governs in the second case, which is why the north of a house is expressed by an accusative where every reader expects an ablative. The plural is lexical, not a count: Mallinātha quotes Amara, गृहाः पुंसि च भूम्न्येव, 'and in the masculine गृह is only ever plural', so one house is spoken of in the plural and nothing is being counted — that is why the form is गृहान् and not गृहम्. His own edition prints the ablative धनपतिगृहाद्, and the two readings line up one to one with his two explanations of उत्तरेण.

    • Aṣṭādhyāyī — 2.3.31 एनपा द्वितीया
    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.15: enapā dvitīyā iti dvitīyā | gṛhāḥ puṃsi ca bhūmny eva ity amaraḥ
  • अस्मदीयम् प्रथमा · nominative — अस्मद् with the possessive affix छ

    अस्मदीयम्, 'ours', is अस्मद् with the affix छ, which becomes -ईय. Mallinātha cites it with one word doing the work, वृद्धाच्छ इति पक्षे छप्रत्ययः, 'the छ affix, on the other side of the option'. The affix छ comes by 4.2.114 वृद्धाच्छः, the rule that adds it after a वृद्ध stem; the 'option' is 4.3.1 युष्मदस्मदोरन्यतरस्यां खञ् च, which gives खञ् after अस्मद् only optionally and so leaves 4.2.114 to supply the other form, अस्मदीय. And अस्मद् counts as वृद्ध not by its vowel but by 1.1.74 त्यदादीनि च, which puts the pronouns on the वृद्ध list. The word says 'ours' where the rest of the stanza says 'mine' — मे कान्तया, my wife, in the next line: the house is the couple's, the wife is his.

    • Aṣṭādhyāyī — 4.2.114 वृद्धाच्छः; 4.3.1 युष्मदस्मदोरन्यतरस्यां खञ् च; 1.1.74 त्यदादीनि च
    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.15: asmākam idam asmadīyam | vṛddhāc chaḥ iti pakṣe chapratyayaḥ
  • लक्ष्यम् प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • तोरणेन तृतीया · instrumental — करण, the instrument or cause

    with सुरपतिधनुश्चारुणा

  • यस्य षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word

  • उपान्ते सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location

  • कान्तया तृतीया · instrumental — करण, the instrument or cause

  • वर्धितः प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • मे षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word

  • बालमन्दारवृक्षः प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

    with कृतकतनयः, हस्तप्राप्यस्तबकनमितः

प्रकरण 1 · हलन्त्यम्

प्रकरण 2 · इको यणचि

प्रकरण 3 · स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः

प्रकरण 4 · वा शरि

  • ससजुषो रुः 8.2.66← कृतकतनयः; वर्धितः; हस्तप्राप्यस्तबकनमितः; बालमन्दारवृक्षः

प्रकरण 5 · अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्

प्रकरण 6 · औङ आपः

प्रकरण 7 · अतोऽम्

प्रकरण 12 · लः कर्मणि च भावे चाकर्मकेभ्यः

प्रकरण 21 · सत्यापपाशरूपवीणातूलश्लोकसेनालोमत्वचवर्मवर्णचूर्णचुरादिभ्यो णिच्

प्रकरण 22 · स्वतन्त्रः कर्ता

प्रकरण 33 · धातोः

प्रकरण 34 · ण्वुल्तृचौ

not in the abridgement

  • अ अ 8.4.68← लक्ष्यम्; वर्धितः; हस्तप्राप्यस्तबकनमितः

धनपतिगृहान्

धन · पति · गृह

  1. धनानां पतिः, धनपतिः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the lord of wealth, Kubera

  2. धनपतेः गृहाः, तान्

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — his house

तत्पुरुष. Kubera's house — the landmark the whole stanza is measured from, and Mallinātha glosses it कुबेरगृहात्, putting the name in for the epithet exactly as he did at 2.14. **The same first two members as 2.14's धनपतिसखम्**, and the two stanzas use them for opposite ends: there the god's friendship, here the god's address. The plural is not a plurality — Amara's line गृहाः पुंसि च भूम्न्येव says that गृह in the masculine occurs only in the plural, so one house takes plural endings, and that is why the word is गृहान् and not गृहम्

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses धनपतिगृहान् कुबेरगृहात् and cites गृहाः पुंसि च भूम्न्येव from Amara for the plural; `vendor/meghaduta-sanjivini.itx` prints `kubara` for कुबेर“tatrālakāyāṃ dhanapatigṛhān kuberagṛhād uttareṇottarasminn adūradeśe || “gṛhāḥ puṃsi ca bhūmny eva” ity amaraḥ”

सुरपतिधनुश्चारुणा

सुर · पति · धनुस् · चारु

  1. सुराणां पतिः, सुरपतिः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the lord of the gods, Indra

  2. सुरपतेः धनुः, सुरपतिधनुः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — his bow, the rainbow

  3. सुरपतिधनुरिव चारु, तेन

    कर्मधारय — as lovely as the rainbow

कर्मधारय — it agrees with तोरणेन. as lovely as Indra's bow — the comparison kind of karmadhāraya, where the first member is what the thing is being likened to and the last is the quality they share. Mallinātha reduces it to one word, इन्द्रचापसुन्दरेण, and then gives two reasons for the likeness where nobody asked for one: मणिमयत्वात्, because the arch is built of gems, and अभ्रंकषत्वात्, because it scrapes the clouds. **So the arch is a rainbow twice over** — coloured like one because of the stones, shaped like one because of the height. It is the second bow of the canto and the opposite of the first: Kāma's at 2.14 was carried by nobody, and this one is a doorway

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses सुरपतिधनुश्चारुणा मणिमयत्वादभ्रंकषत्वाच्चेन्द्रचापसुन्दरेण; `vendor/meghaduta-sanjivini.itx` prints a space inside अभ्रंकषत्वात्“surapatidhanuścāruṇā maṇimayatvād abhraṃkaṣatvāc cendracāpasundareṇa toraṇena bahirdvāreṇa”

कृतकतनयः

कृतक · तनय

  1. कृतकश्चासौ तनयश्च, कृतकतनयः

    कर्मधारय — a son who is a made one

कर्मधारय — it agrees with बालमन्दारवृक्षः. adopted son — Mallinātha gives कृत्रिमसुतः, 'an artificial son', and then will not leave it at the legal word: पुत्रत्वेनाभिमन्यमानः, 'one regarded as a son'. **The gloss moves the fact from the household register to somebody's feelings**, which is the whole reason the tree is in the stanza. कृतक is कृत with the affix that means 'so called but not so born', the same suffix that makes कृत्रिम. The word in apposition is बालमन्दारवृक्षः at the end of the verse, and the sentence keeps the reader waiting the length of two pādas to learn that the son is a tree

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses कृतकतनयः कृत्रिमसुतः । पुत्रत्वेनाभिमन्यमान इत्यर्थः; `vendor/meghaduta-sanjivini.itx` prints a space inside कृत्रिमसुतः“kṛtakatanayaḥ kṛtrimasutaḥ | putratvenābhimanyamāna ityarthaḥ”

हस्तप्राप्यस्तबकनमितः

हस्त · प्राप्य · स्तबक · नमित

  1. हस्तेन प्राप्याः, हस्तप्राप्याः

    तत्पुरुष (instrumental) — reachable by hand

  2. हस्तप्राप्याः स्तबकाः, तैः

    कर्मधारय — clusters within hand's reach

  3. हस्तप्राप्यस्तबकैः नमितः

    तत्पुरुष (instrumental) — bent down by them

तत्पुरुष — it agrees with बालमन्दारवृक्षः. bent low by clusters a hand can reach — Mallinātha unpacks प्राप्य with हस्तावचेयैः, 'to be gathered down with the hand', where अवचि is the verb for picking flowers, and glosses स्तबक with गुच्छ, a bunch, citing Amara for it. **The compound is a measurement disguised as a description**: the tree is short enough that its flowers come to the hand, which is how a reader knows it is still young, and the yakṣa never says so

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who unpacks हस्तेन प्राप्यैर्हस्तावचेयैः स्तबकैर्गुच्छैर्नमितः and cites Amara for स्तबक, the line standing in `vendor/meghaduta-sanjivini.itx` as `syAduchChakastu stabakaH` with the opening quotation mark lost“hastena prāpyair hastāvaceyaiḥ stabakair gucchair namitaḥ || “syād ucchakas tu stabakaḥ” ity amaraḥ”

बालमन्दारवृक्षः

बाल · मन्दार · वृक्ष

  1. मन्दारस्य वृक्षः, मन्दारवृक्षः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — a mandāra tree

  2. बालश्चासौ मन्दारवृक्षश्च

    कर्मधारय — and a young one

कर्मधारय. the young mandāra tree — and Mallinātha's paraphrase is his vigraha: बालो मन्दारवृक्षः, with बाल standing off as its own adjective, which is what a karmadhāraya of adjective and noun always comes apart into. Then he says what a mandāra is: कल्पवृक्षः, a wishing-tree. **That is the word 2.12 ended on**, where one such tree bore the whole of a woman's adornment for the city. Here there is one in a private garden, small enough to reach, and the couple have raised it as a child

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who reads बालो मन्दारवृक्षः कल्पवृक्षः and supplies अस्ति“bālo mandāravṛkṣaḥ kalpavṛkṣo 'stīti śeṣaḥ”

  • अव्यय

    तत्र

    printed तत्रागारं

    तत्र

    there — and Mallinātha fills it in at once, तत्रालकायाम्, in Alakā. **It is the first word of the stanza and the hinge of the poem.** Fourteen stanzas have described the city; this one says *there*, and then says *our house*. The correlative of the यत्र that has opened stanza after stanza, and the last of that series: from here the directions stop being a portrait and start being an address

    This is the word the poem has been walking toward. Fourteen stanzas of Alakā have opened with यत्र, 'where' — where the horses, where the mansions, where the women; this one opens with तत्र, 'there', the correlative that answers all of them, and Mallinātha fills it in at once, तत्रालकायाम्, 'there, in Alakā'. Then the second word of the pāda is आगारम्, and the third line will call it अस्मदीयम्, 'ours'. The cloud's errand stops being a journey and becomes an address: from here the directions are no longer a portrait of a city but the way to one house. It is also the last of the यत्र series — after this stanza no verse of the canto begins with the word again.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.15: tatrālakāyāṃ dhanapatigṛhān
  • a-stem neuter, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    आगारम्

    printed तत्रागारं

    आगार

    house — Mallinātha glosses it with the commonest word there is, आगारं गृहम्, and puts the gloss in only after he has finished with अस्मदीयम्, as though the noun could wait and the possessive could not. It is the subject of the sentence, and everything else in the stanza is either where it stands or what stands beside it

  • a-stem masculine, द्वितीया बहुवचन accusative plural

    धनपतिगृहान्

    printed धनपतिगृहानुत्तरेणास्मदीयं

    गृह, which in the masculine has no singular

    house — accusative, and both halves of that are worth a sentence. The plural is lexical: Mallinātha quotes Amara, गृहाः पुंसि च भूम्न्येव, 'and in the masculine गृह is only ever plural', so one house is spoken of in the plural and nothing is being counted. The accusative is by rule: with a word formed by the affix एनप् the governed noun goes into the second case, Pāṇini 2.3.31 एनपा द्वितीया, and that is why the north of a house is expressed by an accusative where every reader expects an ablative. **His own edition prints the ablative** — धनपतिगृहाद् उत्तरेण — and his comment quotes the accusative and defends it. The two readings and his two explanations line up one to one

  • अव्यय

    उत्तरेण

    printed धनपतिगृहानुत्तरेणास्मदीयं

    उत्तर with the affix एनप् by Pāṇini 5.3.35 एनबन्यतरस्यामदूरेऽपञ्चम्याः

    to the north of — and it is the one word of the stanza Mallinātha argues about. His first reading takes it as उत्तर plus एनप्, the affix 5.3.35 gives optionally to उत्तर and दक्षिण **when the place is near**, अदूरे, and he writes that condition into his gloss: उत्तरस्मिन्नदूरदेशे, 'in the region to the north, not far off'. So the house is a short walk from Kubera's, and the grammar says so. Then, अथवा — 'or else' — he offers a second reading in which उत्तरेण is no affix at all but the plain instrumental of उत्तर agreeing with तोरणेन: 'marked by the gateway on the north side'. **The two readings need two different texts.** The first needs the accusative धनपतिगृहान् that this text prints; the second needs the ablative धनपतिगृहाद् that his own edition prints, and he uses that ablative when he paraphrases it

    This is the one word of the stanza Mallinātha argues about. His first reading takes उत्तरेण as उत्तर plus the affix एनप्, which Pāṇini 5.3.35 gives to उत्तर and दक्षिण to make a word of direction, but only अदूरे, 'when the place is near'; he writes that condition into the gloss, उत्तरस्मिन्नदूरदेशे, 'to the north, not far off', so the grammar says the house is a short walk from Kubera's. That affix governs the accusative by 2.3.31 एनपा द्वितीया, which is why धनपतिगृहान् is accusative where a reader expects an ablative, and Amara's गृहाः पुंसि च भूम्न्येव explains why one house is spoken of in the plural. Then, अथवा, 'or else', he offers a second reading in which उत्तरेण is no affix but a plain instrumental adjective of तोरणेन, 'by the gateway on the north side'. The two readings need two different texts, and each is printed somewhere: this text prints the accusative his first reading requires, and his own edition prints the ablative धनपतिगृहाद् his second one does.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.15: uttareṇottarasminn adūradeśe … athavā uttareṇeti nainappratyayāntam
    • Aṣṭādhyāyī — 5.3.35 एनबन्यतरस्यामदूरेऽपञ्चम्याः; 2.3.31 एनपा द्वितीया
  • a-stem neuter, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    अस्मदीयम्

    printed धनपतिगृहानुत्तरेणास्मदीयं

    अस्मदीय, from अस्मद् with the affix छ by Pāṇini 4.2.114 वृद्धाच्छः

    ours — Mallinātha unpacks it अस्माकमिदम्, 'this is ours', and then cites the rule with one word doing the work: वृद्धाच्छ इति पक्षे छप्रत्ययः, 'the छ affix, on the other side of the option'. The option is 4.3.1 युष्मदस्मदोरन्यतरस्यां खञ् च, which gives खञ् after अस्मद् *optionally* and so leaves the general 4.2.114 वृद्धाच्छः to supply the other form. अस्मद् counts as वृद्ध not by its vowel but by 1.1.74 त्यदादीनि च, which puts the pronouns on that list. **The word says ours where the rest of the stanza says mine**: मे कान्तया, my wife, in the next line. The house is the couple's; the wife is his

  • अव्यय

    दूरात्

    printed दूराल्लक्ष्यं

    दूरात्, the ablative of दूर standing as an adverb

    from far off — Mallinātha does not gloss the word but says what it is for: अनेनाभिज्ञानेन दूरत एव ज्ञातुं शक्यम्, 'by this token it can be known from a distance and no nearer'. **That is a practical fact about a cloud**, which cannot knock at a door, and the stanza is picking landmarks a thing in the sky can use. He answers दूरात् with दूरतः, the same case in the other of its two endings. The त् becomes ल् before the ल् of लक्ष्यम् and the two print as one run

  • √लक्ष् + य, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    लक्ष्यम्

    printed दूराल्लक्ष्यं

    लक्ष्य, from √लक्ष् with the kṛtya affix य

    to be picked out — a kṛtya, the verbal adjective of obligation or possibility, so 'markable' rather than 'marked'. Mallinātha glosses दृश्यम्, which is another kṛtya and settles the sense on possibility: it *can* be seen. **The same stem stood at 2.14 as a noun**, कामिलक्ष्येषु, where it was what an arrow is aimed at; here it is what an eye can make out. The word for a target and the word for a landmark are one word, and the difference is only who is looking

  • u-stem neuter, तृतीया एकवचन instrumental singular

    सुरपतिधनुश्चारुणा

    चारु

    lovely — चारु is the ordinary adjective for beautiful, and it takes neuter endings here because it agrees with तोरणेन. Mallinātha replaces it with सुन्दर inside a compound of his own, इन्द्रचापसुन्दरेण, so that his gloss says in one word what the verse says in four. The instrumental is the case of the mark by which a thing is recognised, governed by लक्ष्यम्

  • a-stem neuter, तृतीया एकवचन instrumental singular

    तोरणेन

    तोरण

    by the arched gateway — Mallinātha glosses बहिर्द्वारेण, 'the outer door', which is the plain fact about a toraṇa: it is not the door of the house but the ceremonial arch that stands out in front of it. **That is why it is the landmark and the house is not**: an arch is visible over a wall. It is the noun the alternative reading of उत्तरेण wants to attach itself to

  • pronoun, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular

    यस्य

    printed यस्योपान्ते

    यद्

    whose — and Mallinātha writes the antecedent in rather than leave the reader to find it: यस्यागारस्य, 'of which house'. It is neuter because आगारम् is. **The relative pronouns of this canto have all pointed at the city**; this is the first that points at a building, and it opens the clause that turns the house into a place with a garden in it

  • a-stem neuter, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    उपान्ते

    printed यस्योपान्ते

    उपान्त

    close beside — उप plus अन्त, the near edge of a thing. Mallinātha is exact about which edge: प्राकारान्तःपार्श्वदेशे, 'the strip along the side, inside the enclosing wall'. **The tree is in the garden, not in the street**, and his gloss builds the wall the verse leaves out. The locative is where the tree stands

  • a-stem masculine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    कृतकतनयः

    तनय

    son — तनय is from √तन्, to stretch, so a son is what continues you. Mallinātha glosses सुत, the plainest of the words for it. It stands in apposition to बालमन्दारवृक्षः two pādas away, and the whole distance between them is the stanza's joke and its grief at once: the couple have no child

    The tree is the couple's adopted son, and the sentence keeps the reader waiting the length of two pādas to learn that the son is a tree. कृतकतनयः is a made son: कृतक is कृत with the affix that means 'so called but not so born', the same suffix that makes कृत्रिम. Mallinātha gives the legal word first, कृत्रिमसुतः, 'an artificial son', and then will not leave it there: पुत्रत्वेनाभिमन्यमानः, 'one regarded as a son'. The gloss moves the fact from the household register to somebody's feelings, which is the whole reason the tree is in the stanza. तनयः, from √तन्, 'to stretch', is what continues you — and the joke and the grief of the verse are one: the couple have no child, and the childless wife has brought up a tree as one.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.15: kṛtakatanayaḥ kṛtrimasutaḥ | putratvenābhimanyamāna ityarthaḥ
  • ā-stem feminine, तृतीया एकवचन instrumental singular

    कान्तया

    कान्ता

    by my wife — कान्ता is the past participle of √कम्, 'desired', used as the noun for a beloved woman. Mallinātha leaves the word and only moves मे to stand in front of it, मे मम कान्तया. **The canto's women until now have been Alakā's in general** — अबला at 2.12, चतुरवनिता and कामिन् at 2.14 — and this is the first who belongs to the speaker. She enters as the agent of a passive participle, bringing up a tree

  • √वृध् + णिच् + क्त, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    वर्धितः

    printed वर्धितो

    वर्धित, from √वृध् in the causative with क्त

    raised — the causative of √वृध्, to grow, so 'made to grow', with the agent in the instrumental. Mallinātha glosses पोषितः, 'nourished', which is the word for feeding a child or an animal rather than watering a plant. **He is choosing the gloss the stanza's fiction wants**: the tree is not tended, it is brought up. The visarga becomes ओ before the म् of मे

  • pronoun, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular

    मे

    मद्

    my — the unaccented form of the genitive, which cannot stand first in a sentence and here stands last in its pāda. Mallinātha replaces it with the full मम, as a commentator does whenever the short form appears, and moves it in front of कान्तया. **The stanza's two possessives are not the same person**: the house is अस्मदीयम्, ours, and the wife is मे, mine

  • √नम् + णिच् + क्त, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    हस्तप्राप्यस्तबकनमितः

    printed हस्तप्राप्यस्तबकनमितो

    नमित, from √नम् in the causative with क्त

    bent down — the causative of √नम्, to bow, so 'made to bow'. **The stanza's two participles are both causatives and both have the same subject**: the tree is made to grow by the wife and made to stoop by its own flowers. Mallinātha carries the word over without a gloss, which he does when the compound around it has already said everything. The visarga becomes ओ before the ब् of बाल

  • a-stem masculine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    बालमन्दारवृक्षः

    वृक्ष

    tree — the last word of the stanza and the answer to it. Everything before it has agreed with a masculine nominative singular without saying what it is, and a reader who has followed कृतकतनयः has been holding a boy in mind for two pādas. Mallinātha says what a mandāra is — कल्पवृक्षः, a wishing-tree, one of the five that grow in heaven — and then supplies the verb the whole sentence has been missing: अस्तीति शेषः, 'there is, is to be understood'. **He last supplied a finite verb at 2.2**, and it was this one. Everything he has supplied in between is a participle of the same root — सन्तः, सत्सु, सत्यः, सति — or, at 2.12, a particle

    The last word of the stanza is the answer to it. Everything before it has agreed with a masculine nominative singular without saying what it is — raised by the wife, an adopted son, bent under its clusters — and a reader who has followed कृतकतनयः has been holding a boy in mind for two pādas. Then comes बालमन्दारवृक्षः, 'a young mandāra tree', and the boy is a tree. Mallinātha says what a mandāra is — कल्पवृक्षः, a wishing-tree, the same word 2.12 ended on, only this one is small enough to reach — and then supplies the verb the whole sentence has been missing: बालो मन्दारवृक्षः कल्पवृक्षोऽस्तीति शेषः, 'there is, is to be understood'. That is the shape of the verse: it has no finite verb, and its one supplied अस्ति lands only here, on the tree, at the very end. Because the verse holds no तिङन्त, the dependency tree roots here, at बालमन्दारवृक्षः, the noun the description predicates as existing, rather than at a verb the verse does not have.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.15: bālo mandāravṛkṣaḥ kalpavṛkṣo 'stīti śeṣaḥ

तत्र · धनपतिगृहान् · उत्तरेण · अस्मदीयम् · आगारम् · सुरपतिधनुश्चारुणा · तोरणेन · दूरात् · लक्ष्यम् · यस्य · उपान्ते · मे · कान्तया · वर्धितः · कृतकतनयः · हस्तप्राप्यस्तबकनमितः · बालमन्दारवृक्षः · अस्ति [supplied]

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, whose commentary runs as anvaya. He keeps the first line as the verse has it and then moves two things: मे in front of कान्तया, where the verse had left it stranded at the end of its pāda, and कृतकतनयः behind वर्धितः, so that the tree is raised before it is called a son. **He supplies अस्ति**, the verb the sentence has no other way of getting, and marks it इति शेषः — the first word he has supplied since एव at 2.12, and the first finite verb since the same अस्ति at 2.2“tatrālakāyāṃ dhanapatigṛhān … asmadīyam … agāraṃ gṛham | surapatidhanuścāruṇā … toraṇena … dūrāllakṣyaṃ dṛśyam | … yasyāgārasyopānte … me mama kāntayā vardhitaḥ poṣitaḥ kṛtakatanayaḥ … hastena prāpyaiḥ … stabakair … namitaḥ … bālo mandāravṛkṣaḥ kalpavṛkṣo 'stīti śeṣaḥ”

the dependency structure

बालमन्दारवृक्षः · विधेय — a young mandāra tree, बालो मन्दारवृक्षः; the noun the description predicates as existing, and the word the whole stanza has been walking toward. The verse has no finite verb — Mallinātha supplies अस्ति, अस्तीति शेषः, at the very end — and the tree roots here, at its predicate

आगारम् · उद्देश्य — our house, गृहम्; the landmark the address names, itself asserted to be there by the same supplied अस्ति, and the noun the tree stands beside

तत्र · अधिकरण — there, तत्रालकायाम्; the correlative of the यत्र that has opened stanza after stanza, and the hinge where the portrait of the city becomes an address

अस्मदीयम् · agreeing with आगारम् — ours, अस्माकम् इदम्; the house belongs to the couple, where the wife of the next line is मे, mine

उत्तरेण · क्रियाविशेषण — to the north of, and not far off, उत्तरस्मिन् अदूरदेशे; उत्तर with the affix एनप्, which governs the accusative before it

धनपतिगृहान् · कर्म — Kubera's house, कुबेरगृहात्; an accusative where a reader expects an ablative, because the एनप्-word उत्तरेण takes the second case

लक्ष्यम् · agreeing with आगारम् — to be picked out, दृश्यम्; a kṛtya of possibility — the house can be made out, and from a distance only

दूरात् · अपादान — from far off, दूरतः; the token works at a distance, which is the one thing a cloud in the sky needs of a landmark

तोरणेन · करण — by the arched gateway, बहिर्द्वारेण; the ceremonial arch that stands out in front of the house, the mark by which the house is known

सुरपतिधनुश्चारुणा · agreeing with तोरणेन — as lovely as Indra's bow, इन्द्रचापसुन्दरेण; a rainbow twice over, coloured like one for its gems and shaped like one for its height

उपान्ते · अधिकरण — close beside, प्राकारान्तःपार्श्वदेशे; the strip along the side inside the enclosing wall, where the tree stands

यस्य · षष्ठी — of which house, यस्य आगारस्य; the relative pointing back at आगारम्, the first of this canto's relatives to point at a building and not the city

वर्धितः · agreeing with बालमन्दारवृक्षः — raised, पोषितः; the causative past participle of √वृध्, and the word for bringing up a child, not for watering a plant

कान्तया · करण — by my wife, कान्तया; the agent of the passive participle, the first woman of the canto who belongs to the speaker

मे · षष्ठी — my, मम; the enclitic genitive, which the stanza sets against अस्मदीयम् — the house is ours, the wife is mine

कृतकतनयः · agreeing with बालमन्दारवृक्षः — as an adopted son, कृत्रिमसुतः; one regarded as a son, पुत्रत्वेन अभिमन्यमानः; the word held two pādas away from the tree it describes

हस्तप्राप्यस्तबकनमितः · agreeing with बालमन्दारवृक्षः — bent low by clusters a hand can reach, हस्तप्राप्यैः स्तबकैः नमितः; a measurement disguised as a description, for a tree that low is a young tree

uncheckedMallinātha’s Sañjīvinī for the anvaya and the reading, which glosses the stanza as an address to one house and argues उत्तरेण two ways — उत्तर with the affix एनप् governing the accusative धनपतिगृहान् (his own edition printing the ablative धनपतिगृहाद्), or a plain instrumental adjective of तोरणेन — and supplies अस्ति at the close, अस्तीति शेषः; the Telugu drawn from Vedam Venkataraya Sastri’s Āndhra Meghasandeśam. The stanza has no finite verb; its tree roots at the predicate बालमन्दारवृक्षः, the noun the description predicates as existing, and the role says so.

There, north of the lord of wealth's house, is ours — visible from far off by its gateway, as lovely as Indra's bow; and close beside it, inside the wall, stands a young mandāra tree that my wife brought up as an adopted son, bent low under clusters a hand can reach. **This is the stanza the poem has been walking toward.** Fourteen stanzas of Alakā have said यत्र, *where*; this one says तत्र, *there*, and then अस्मदीयम्, *ours*, and the cloud's errand stops being a journey and becomes an address. Mallinātha reads it as the start of a list: he ends the comment with इतः परं चतुर्भिः श्लोकैरभिज्ञानान्तरमाह — 'from here on, in four ślokas, he gives further tokens of recognition' — and inside this stanza he has already used अभिज्ञान twice, once for the gateway and once for the tree. The four are 2.16 to 2.19, the pool and the hill and the two trees and the perch, and 2.20 gathers them: एभिः … लक्षणैः, 'by these marks'. This stanza also ends the यत्र that has opened stanza after stanza since 2.1 — after it, no verse of the canto begins with the word again. **What he argues about is उत्तरेण.** His first reading makes it उत्तर with the affix एनप्, which Pāṇini 5.3.35 gives to उत्तर and दक्षिण only when the place is *near*, and he writes the nearness into his gloss: अदूरदेशे. That affix governs the accusative by 2.3.31 एनपा द्वितीया, which is why धनपतिगृहान् is accusative where a reader expects an ablative, and Amara's गृहाः पुंसि च भूम्न्येव explains why one house is plural. Then अथवा: or else उत्तरेण is a plain instrumental adjective of तोरणेन, 'by the gateway on the north side'. **The two readings need two different texts**, and each of them is printed somewhere: this text prints the accusative his first reading requires, and his own edition prints the ablative धनपतिगृहाद् that his second one does. The rest he glosses gently. The arch is a rainbow for two reasons at once — मणिमयत्वात्, made of gems, and अभ्रंकषत्वात्, scraping the clouds. The mandāra is a कल्पवृक्ष, the wishing-tree 2.12 ended on, only this one is small enough to reach. And the son is कृत्रिमसुतः and then, because the legal word will not do, पुत्रत्वेनाभिमन्यमानः — one regarded as a son. He names no figure.

uncheckedthe reader's reading, following Mallinātha's gloss; the two readings of उत्तरेण, the two sūtras, the Amara line for the plural of गृह, the two reasons for the rainbow, the identification of the mandāra as a wishing-tree, the gloss on कृतक, and the closing remark that four more stanzas of tokens follow are all his. That his own edition prints धनपतिगृहाद् where this text prints धनपतिगृहान् is read off the stanza standing above his comment in `vendor/meghaduta-sanjivini.itx`; that the first reading needs the accusative and the second the ablative follows from the sūtras he cites“tatrālakāyāṃ dhanapatigṛhān … “enapā dvitīyā” iti dvitīyā || “gṛhāḥ puṃsi ca bhūmny eva” ity amaraḥ || athavā “uttareṇa” iti nainappratyayāntaṃ … anenābhijñānena dūrata eva jñātuṃ śakyam … itaḥ paraṃ caturbhiḥ ślokair abhijñānāntaram āha”

There, to the north of the lord of wealth's house — Kubera's — is our own house, to be made out from far off by its gateway, which is as lovely as Indra's bow. And close beside it, in the strip inside the enclosing wall, stands a young mandāra tree, a wishing-tree, that my wife brought up as an adopted son, now bent low under flower-clusters a hand can reach. The stanza has no finite verb; Mallinātha supplies अस्ति at the very end, and reads the gateway and the tree as two अभिज्ञान, tokens by which the house is known. He ends the comment इतः परं चतुर्भिः श्लोकैरभिज्ञानान्तरमाह, 'from here on, in four ślokas, he gives further tokens', the pool and the hill and the two trees and the perch of 2.16–2.19, which 2.20 gathers up as एभिः लक्षणैः, 'by these marks'.

  • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.15, whole-verse gloss; itaḥ paraṃ caturbhiḥ ślokair abhijñānāntaram āha

No figure is named for this verse by the commentary this reading follows, so none is shown.