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मेघदूतम् · कालिदास · 2.42

संदेश · limb reaching limb, in imagination only

अङ्गेनाङ्गं प्रतनु तनुना गाढतप्तेन तप्तं

अ
ङ्गे
ना
ङ्गं
प्र
त
नु
त
नु
ना
गा
ढ
त
प्ते
न
त
प्तं

सास्रेणाश्रुद्रुतमविरतोत्कण्ठमुत्कण्ठितेन

सा
स्रे
णा
श्रु
द्रु
त
म
वि
र
तो
त्क
ण्ठ
मु
त्क
ण्ठि
ते
न

उष्णोच्छ्वासं समधिकतरोच्छ्वासिना दूरवर्ती

उ
ष्णो
च्छ्वा
सं
स
म
धि
क
त
रो
च्छ्वा
सि
ना
दू
र
व
र्ती

सङ्कल्पैस्तैर्विशति विधिना वैरिणा रुद्धमार्गः

स
ङ्क
ल्पै
स्तै
र्वि
श
ति
वि
धि
ना
वै
रि
णा
रु
द्ध
मा
र्गः

pāda a

  • अguruthe conjunct ङ्ग that follows it
  • ङ्गेguruits long vowel ए
  • नाguruits long vowel आ
  • ङ्गंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • प्रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नाguruits long vowel आ
  • गाguruits long vowel आ
  • ढlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तguruthe conjunct प्त that follows it
  • प्तेguruits long vowel ए
  • नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तguruthe conjunct प्त that follows it
  • प्तंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — अङ्गेनाङ्गं
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — तनुना

pāda b

  • साguruits long vowel आ
  • स्रेguruits long vowel ए
  • णाguruits long vowel आ
  • श्रुguruthe conjunct द्र that follows it
  • द्रुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • विlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तोguruits long vowel ओ
  • त्कguruthe conjunct ण्ठ that follows it
  • ण्ठlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मुguruthe conjunct त्क that follows it
  • त्कguruthe conjunct ण्ठ that follows it
  • ण्ठिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तेguruits long vowel ए
  • नlaghuits short vowel — light on its own, though the pāda ends here
  • yati after 4 — it falls inside the compound अश्रुद्रुतम्
  • yati after 10 — it falls inside the compound अविरतोत्कण्ठम्

pāda c

  • उguruthe conjunct ष्ण that follows it
  • ष्णोguruits long vowel ओ
  • च्छ्वाguruits long vowel आ
  • संguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • सlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • धिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • कlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रोguruits long vowel ओ
  • च्छ्वाguruits long vowel आ
  • सिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नाguruits long vowel आ
  • दूguruits long vowel ऊ
  • रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • वguruthe conjunct र्त that follows it
  • र्तीguruits long vowel ई
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — उष्णोच्छ्वासं
  • yati after 10 — it falls inside the compound समधिकतरोच्छ्वासिना

pāda d

  • सguruthe conjunct ङ्क that follows it
  • ङ्कguruthe conjunct ल्प that follows it
  • ल्पैguruits long vowel ऐ
  • स्तैguruits long vowel ऐ
  • र्विlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • शlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • विlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • धिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नाguruits long vowel आ
  • वैguruits long vowel ऐ
  • रिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • णाguruits long vowel आ
  • रुguruthe conjunct द्ध that follows it
  • द्धlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • माguruits long vowel आ
  • र्गःguruthe visarga it carries
  • yati after 4 — it falls inside तैः
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — विधिना

  • अङ्गेन + अङ्गम् → अङ्गेनाङ्गं

    अ + अ → आ

  • तप्तम् + सास्रेण → तप्तं

    म् + स्

  • सास्रेण + अश्रुद्रुतम् → सास्रेणाश्रुद्रुतमविरतोत्कण्ठमुत्कण्ठितेन

    अ + अ → आ

  • अश्रुद्रुतम् + अविरतोत्कण्ठम् → सास्रेणाश्रुद्रुतमविरतोत्कण्ठमुत्कण्ठितेन

    म् + अ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • अविरतोत्कण्ठम् + उत्कण्ठितेन → सास्रेणाश्रुद्रुतमविरतोत्कण्ठमुत्कण्ठितेन

    म् + उ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • उष्णोच्छ्वासम् + समधिकतरोच्छ्वासिना → उष्णोच्छ्वासं

    म् + स्

  • सङ्कल्पैः + तैः → सङ्कल्पैस्तैर्विशति

    ः + त्

  • तैः + विशति → सङ्कल्पैस्तैर्विशति

    ः + व्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • गाढ + तप्त → गाढतप्तेन

    अ + त्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • स + अस्र → सास्रेण

    अ + अ → आ · falls inside the syllable सा

  • अश्रु + द्रुत → अश्रुद्रुतम्

    उ + द्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • अविरत + उत्कण्ठा → अविरतोत्कण्ठम्

    अ + उ → ओ · falls inside the syllable तो

  • उष्ण + उच्छ्वास → उष्णोच्छ्वासम्

    अ + उ → ओ · falls inside the syllable ष्णो

  • समधिकतर + उच्छ्वासिन् → समधिकतरोच्छ्वासिना

    अ + उ → ओ · falls inside the syllable रो

  • दूर + वर्तिन् → दूरवर्ती

    अ + व्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • रुद्ध + मार्ग → रुद्धमार्गः

    अ + म्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

अङ्गेन + अङ्गम् makes अङ्गेनाङ्गं, the like vowels अ and अ coalescing to आ by Pāṇini 6.1.101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः, and सास्रेण + अश्रुद्रुतम् makes सास्रेणाश्रुद्रुतम् the same way. अ and उ give ओ by 6.1.87 आद्गुणः three times over, all inside compounds — अविरत + उत्कण्ठ, उष्ण + उच्छ्वास, समधिकतर + उच्छ्वास. A word-final म् becomes anusvāra before a consonant by 8.3.23 मोऽनुस्वारः — अङ्गं प्रतनु, उष्णोच्छ्वासं समधिक°, तप्तं — and is kept before a vowel — अश्रुद्रुतमविरत°, अविरतोत्कण्ठमुत्कण्ठितेन. सङ्कल्पैः + तैः makes सङ्कल्पैस्तैः, the visarga becoming स् before the voiceless त् by 8.3.34 विसर्जनीयस्य सः; and तैः + विशति makes तैर्विशति, the visarga — the रु-substitute of 8.2.66 ससजुषो रुः — staying as र् before the voiced व्, since 8.3.15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः turns it to a visarga only before a voiceless sound or a pause.

  • Chinnaya Sūri, Bālavyākaraṇam — సంధిపరిచ్ఛేదము; vendor/balavyakaranam-sandhi.txt
  • Aṣṭādhyāyī — 6.1.101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः; 6.1.87 आद्गुणः; 8.3.23 मोऽनुस्वारः; 8.3.34 विसर्जनीयस्य सः

  • अङ्गेन तृतीया · instrumental — करण, the instrument or cause

    with गाढतप्तेन, सास्रेण, समधिकतरोच्छ्वासिना

  • अङ्गम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

    with अश्रुद्रुतम्, अविरतोत्कण्ठम्, उष्णोच्छ्वासम्

  • प्रतनु द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

  • तनुना तृतीया · instrumental — करण, the instrument or cause

  • तप्तम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

  • उत्कण्ठितेन तृतीया · instrumental — a taddhita in इतच्, with क्त as the alternative

    उत्कण्ठितेन, 'longing', Mallinātha derives twice, two different ways. First as a taddhita — a secondary noun built off a noun: उत्कण्ठा वेदनास्य जाता इति उत्कण्ठितः, *one in whom the ache has arisen*, by the affix इतच् of Pāṇini 5.2.36 तदस्य संजातं तारकादिभ्य इतच्, which gives इतच् in the sense *this has come to be in him* — so the word is built on उत्कण्ठा and is no participle at all. Then, as an alternative he allows rather than argues for, उत्कण्ठतेर्वा कर्तरि क्तः, *or क्त from √उत्कण्ठ् in the agent sense*. The choice decides the word's shape: as a participle it is left without a table, while under his first derivation it is a plain a-stem. Read as an epithet of अङ्गेन it is neuter, though DCS tags the masculine.

    • Aṣṭādhyāyī — 5.2.36 तदस्य संजातं तारकादिभ्य इतच्
    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.42: utkaṇṭhā vedanāsya jātotkaṇṭhitas tenotkaṇṭhitena || “tadasya saṃjātam-” ityādinetacpratyayaḥ | utkaṇṭhater vā kartari ktaḥ

  • सङ्कल्पैः तृतीया · instrumental — करण, the instrument or cause

  • तैः तृतीया · instrumental — करण, the instrument or cause

  • विधिना तृतीया · instrumental — करण, the instrument or cause

  • वैरिणा तृतीया · instrumental — करण, the instrument or cause

प्रकरण 1 · हलन्त्यम्

प्रकरण 2 · इको यणचि

प्रकरण 3 · स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः

प्रकरण 4 · वा शरि

प्रकरण 5 · अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्

प्रकरण 7 · अतोऽम्

प्रकरण 8 · हो ढः

प्रकरण 12 · लः कर्मणि च भावे चाकर्मकेभ्यः

प्रकरण 16 · स्वादिभ्यः श्नुः

प्रकरण 17 · तुदादिभ्यः शः

प्रकरण 34 · ण्वुल्तृचौ

not in the abridgement

  • अ अ 8.4.68← गाढतप्तेन; तप्तम्; अश्रुद्रुतम्; विशति

गाढतप्तेन

गाढ · तप्त

  1. गाढं तप्तम्

    कर्मधारय — burnt deep

कर्मधारय — it agrees with अङ्गेन. burnt right through — the first member is adverbial, *deeply*, not an adjective of the participle, and Mallinātha's gloss keeps it that way: गाढतप्तेनात्यन्तसन्तप्तेन, utterly scorched. **This is his limb and not hers.** The stanza runs on pairs, and in every pair the instrumental is the man's body and the accusative is the woman's; गाढ is one of the two intensifiers that fall on his side

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses गाढतप्तेनात्यन्तसन्तप्तेन; DCS gives the members as गाढ and तप्, marking the second a participle“tanunā kṛśena gāḍhataptenātyantasantaptena sāsreṇa sāśruṇā”

सास्रेण

स · अस्र

  1. अस्रेण सह वर्तते इति सास्रम्, तेन

    बहुव्रीहि — the limb that has tears along with it

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to अङ्गेन. in tears — the same shape as साभ्रे at 2.30: Pāṇini 2.2.28 तेन सहेति तुल्ययोगे compounds सह with an instrumental, and 6.3.82 वोपसर्जनस्य reduces सह to the one syllable स when it is the subordinate member. Mallinātha does not derive it either time; he glosses सास्रेण साश्रुणा, *with tears*, swapping one word for tears for another. **And DCS splits the स off as an indeclinable for the second time**, which leaves a loose particle standing beside an instrumental and no compound at all

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī (sense), who glosses सास्रेण साश्रुणा; Pāṇini 2.2.28 and 6.3.82 by way of skt-data's sūtra corpus, neither named by him; DCS tags स as an indeclinable and अस्रेन as an instrumental singular, so the compound is not in its reading. The link to 2.30 is the reader's“gāḍhataptenātyantasantaptena sāsreṇa sāśruṇā”

अश्रुद्रुतम्

अश्रु · द्रुत

  1. अश्रुभिः द्रुतम्

    तत्पुरुष (instrumental) — melted by tears

तत्पुरुष — it agrees with अङ्गम्. melted with weeping — द्रुत is √द्रु with क्त, *run, dissolved*, so the body is not merely wet but going soft. **Mallinātha's gloss is legible only as far as अश्रु-**: the copy reads अश्रुविन्नम्, which is not a word, where the sense wants something like *soaked with tears*; the same gloss went corrupt at the same point at 2.30, where सलिलगुरुभिः was glossed अश्रु- and then broke. What survives both times is that he reads the first member as tears

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, whose gloss reads अश्रुद्रुतमश्रुविन्नम् and is corrupt in its second word — only that the compound is unpacked with अश्रु is legible; DCS gives the members as अश्रु and द्रु, marking the second a participle“taptaṃ viyogaduḥkhena santaptam aśrudrutam aśruvinnam”

अविरतोत्कण्ठम्

अविरत · उत्कण्ठा

  1. न विरतम्, अविरतम्

    तत्पुरुष — not stopped

  2. अविरता उत्कण्ठा यस्य तत्

    बहुव्रीहि — whose longing never leaves off

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to अङ्गम्. aching without a break — Mallinātha glosses अविच्छिन्नवेदनम्, *of unbroken pain*, and the gloss says two things at once: that अविरत is *uninterrupted* and that उत्कण्ठा here is वेदना, pain, rather than the ordinary *longing*. **The last member loses its आ**, because a bahuvrīhi in the neuter shortens its final vowel by Pāṇini 1.2.47 ह्रस्वो नपुंसके प्रातिपदिकस्य, so उत्कण्ठा stands as उत्कण्ठ before the ending

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses अविरतोत्कण्ठमविच्छिन्नवेदनम् and, on the neighbouring word, उत्कण्ठा वेदना; Pāṇini 1.2.47 by way of skt-data's sūtra corpus, not named by him; DCS gives the members as अविरत and उत्कण्ठा, keeping the ā-stem as the lemma“aviratotkaṇṭham avicchinnavedanam”

उष्णोच्छ्वासम्

उष्ण · उच्छ्वास

  1. उष्णाः उच्छ्वासाः यस्य तत्

    बहुव्रीहि — whose breathing out is fierce

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to अङ्गम्. breathing hard — and **the obvious reading is the one Mallinātha refuses.** उष्ण is *hot*, and hot sighs are what a poem about separation is expected to have; he glosses तीव्रनिःश्वासम्, *of sharp breath*, and puts a lexicon behind it: तिग्मं तीव्रं खरं तीक्ष्णं चण्डमुष्णं समं स्मृतम्, six words held equivalent, of which उष्ण is one. So the word is not the temperature of the breath but its violence

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses उष्णोच्छ्वासं तीव्रनिःश्वासम् and quotes Halāyudha for उष्ण among the words for *sharp*; DCS gives the members as उष्ण and उच्छ्वास and tags the second a masculine accusative rather than the neuter of a bahuvrīhi“uṣṇocchvāsaṃ tīvraniḥśvāsam || “tigmaṃ tīvraṃ kharaṃ tīkṣṇaṃ caṇḍam uṣṇaṃ samaṃ smṛtam” iti halāyudhaḥ”

समधिकतरोच्छ्वासिना

समधिकतर · उच्छ्वासिन्

  1. समधिकतरम् उच्छ्वसिति इति समधिकतरोच्छ्वासी, तेन

    तत्पुरुष — which breathes out more than more

तत्पुरुष — it agrees with अङ्गेन. sighing longer still — an upapada compound, where the first member stands as the adverb of a verb and the verb takes an affix to make the whole a noun. **Mallinātha names the affix**: ताच्छील्ये णिनिः, णिनि in the sense of habit, by Pāṇini 3.2.78 सुप्यजातौ णिनिस्ताच्छील्ये — so it is not *who sighed* but *who goes on sighing*. His paraphrase is दीर्घनिःश्वासिना, *long-breathing*. **The first member is a comparative on a word already meaning more**: सम् + अधिक + तरप्, and it is the second of the two intensifiers that fall on the man's side

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who unpacks समधिकतरमधिकमुच्छ्वसितीति समधिकतरोच्छ्वासी तेन, glosses दीर्घनिःश्वासिनेत्यर्थः and names ताच्छील्ये णिनिः; Pāṇini 3.2.78 by way of skt-data's sūtra corpus; the copy reads समधिकतरोच्ङ्गासी for समधिकतरोच्छ्वासी and is read through the gloss; DCS gives the members as समधिकतर and उच्छ्वासिन्“samadhikataram adhikam ucchvasitīti samadhikataroc[chvā]sī tena | dīrghaniḥśvāsinetyarthaḥ || tācchīlye ṇiniḥ”

दूरवर्ती

दूर · वर्तिन्

  1. दूरे वर्तते इति दूरवर्ती

    तत्पुरुष (locative) — who is placed far off

तत्पुरुष — it agrees with रुद्धमार्गः. far away — Mallinātha glosses दूरवर्ती दूरस्थः and then says what the word is for: **न चागन्तुं शक्यत इत्याह**, *and he cannot come — so he says this*. The distance is not scene-setting but the answer to a question the woman would ask. The last member carries the same णिनि he names two words later, on √वृत् rather than on √श्वस्

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses दूरवर्ती दूरस्थः and frames the pāda न चागन्तुं शक्यत इत्याह; DCS gives the members as दूर and वर्तिन्. That the affix is the णिनि he names on the neighbouring compound is the reader's“dūravartī dūrasthaḥ | na cāgantuṃ śakyata ityāha”

रुद्धमार्गः

रुद्ध · मार्ग

  1. रुद्धः मार्गः यस्य सः

    बहुव्रीहि — whose road is shut

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to दूरवर्ती. with his road blocked — Mallinātha glosses प्रतिबद्धवर्त्मा, the same compound built on other words. **The identical shape stood at 1.47 as मुक्तमार्गः**, where the siddha couples got out of the cloud's way and their road was *freed*; here fate blocks the yakṣa's. रुद्ध is √रुध् with क्त: the त् takes the aspiration of the ध् by Pāṇini 8.2.40 झषस्तथोर्धोऽधः and the root's own ध् then unvoices to द् by 8.4.53 झलां जश् झशि

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses रुद्धमार्गः प्रतिबद्धवर्त्मा; Pāṇini 8.2.40 and 8.4.53 by way of skt-data's sūtra corpus, neither named by him; DCS gives the members as रुध् and मार्ग, marking the first a participle. The comparison with 1.47 is the reader's“vairiṇā virodhinā vidhinā daivena ruddhamārgaḥ pratibaddhavartmā sa te sahacaraḥ”

  • a-stem neuter, तृतीया एकवचन instrumental singular

    अङ्गेन

    printed अङ्गेनाङ्गं

    अङ्ग

    with his own body — Mallinātha writes अङ्गेन स्वशरीरेण, *with his own body*, and that one word decides the whole stanza: every instrumental in it is the man and every accusative is the woman. **DCS prints the form अङ्गेण**, with the retroflex ण, which nothing in अङ्ग can trigger — there is no र्, ष् or ऋ in the word to cause it. The verse prints अङ्गेन and skt-data gives अङ्गेन in the cell

    The stanza runs on pairs, and one gloss decides how to read every one of them. Mallinātha writes अङ्गेन स्वशरीरेण, *with his own body*, and अङ्गं त्वदीयं शरीरम्, *your body* — so every instrumental in the verse is the man and every accusative is the woman. Six times a word for his body or its state stands beside the same stem for hers in the other case — अङ्गेन अङ्गं, प्रतनु तनुना, गाढतप्तेन तप्तं, and so on down the stanza — and the order flips from pair to pair, so the cases interlock rather than run in columns. The one thing the parted man cannot do, reach across and touch, is the very thing the word order does on the page.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.42: aṅgena svaśarīreṇa pratanuṃ kṛśaṃ … aṅgaṃ tvadīyaṃ śarīraṃ … viśati

  • a-stem neuter, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    अङ्गम्

    printed अङ्गेनाङ्गं

    अङ्ग

    your body — the object of विशति three pādas later, and Mallinātha says whose: अङ्गं त्वदीयं शरीरम्. **DCS tags it the first case**, which for a neuter a-stem is the same syllable as the second; the commentary makes it the second, because the sentence has a verb of entering and this is what is entered. The stanza's first two words are the same noun in two cases, touching

  • u-stem neuter, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    प्रतनु

    प्रतनु

    worn very thin — hers, and the प्र is the difference between the two halves of the pair: he is तनु, thin, and she is प्रतनु, thinner. **Mallinātha flattens the pair**, glossing both by कृश and cancelling in the gloss what the prefix does in the verse. The word is the same one that will stand at 2.44 of the ripples in a river

  • u-stem neuter, तृतीया एकवचन instrumental singular

    तनुना

    तनु

    with his thin one — the adjective *thin*, not the noun *body*, though the two are the same word: Mallinātha glosses तनुना कृशेन and leaves the body to अङ्गेन. The pair प्रतनु तनुना stands with the two words touching and the two cases opposed, which is the pattern the whole stanza is built on

  • √तप् + क्त, तृतीया एकवचन instrumental singular

    गाढतप्तेन

    तप्त, from √तप् with क्त

    burnt deep — his. Mallinātha glosses अत्यन्तसन्तप्तेन, utterly scorched, and the prefix he puts on the participle — सम् — is not in the verse; what is in the verse is गाढ standing in front, which does the same work. √तप् is *to be hot*, and this participle is the poem's standing word for what separation does to a body

  • √तप् + क्त, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    तप्तम्

    printed तप्तं

    तप्त, from √तप् with क्त

    burnt — hers, and **Mallinātha supplies what burns her**: तप्तं वियोगदुःखेन सन्तप्तम्, scorched by the pain of being apart. The verse leaves the cause out and the commentary puts it in; the word by itself would do for a fever or a fire. It is the bare form of the participle that stood one word earlier with गाढ in front of it

  • a-stem neuter, तृतीया एकवचन instrumental singular

    सास्रेण

    printed सास्रेणाश्रुद्रुतमविरतोत्कण्ठमुत्कण्ठितेन

    अस्र

    in tears — his. **DCS prints the form अस्रेन, with the dental न**, where र् in the stem carries the retroflex over to the ending and both the verse and skt-data give अस्रेण. That is the second of the stanza's two ending errors and it is the exact mirror of the first: अङ्गेण where the dental belongs, अस्रेन where the retroflex does. Mallinātha does not gloss the noun but swaps it: सास्रेण साश्रुणा, one word for tears for another

  • √द्रु + क्त, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    अश्रुद्रुतम्

    printed सास्रेणाश्रुद्रुतमविरतोत्कण्ठमुत्कण्ठितेन

    द्रुत, from √द्रु with क्त

    melted with tears — hers. √द्रु is *to run, to flow, to dissolve*, so the participle says the body is going soft and not merely getting wet. **Two words for tears stand a syllable apart** — अस्र in his epithet and अश्रु in hers — and the poem uses them for the same thing on opposite sides of the pair. Mallinātha's gloss on this word is corrupt past its first member

  • a-stem neuter, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    अविरतोत्कण्ठम्

    printed सास्रेणाश्रुद्रुतमविरतोत्कण्ठमुत्कण्ठितेन

    उत्कण्ठ, the compound-final of उत्कण्ठा shortened in the neuter

    aching without a break — hers, and Mallinātha reads उत्कण्ठा as वेदना, pain, rather than *longing*: अविच्छिन्नवेदनम्. **DCS keeps उत्कण्ठा as the lemma and cannot say what class the form belongs to**, marking the stem class unknown; read as the shortened उत्कण्ठ of a neuter bahuvrīhi — Pāṇini 1.2.47 ह्रस्वो नपुंसके प्रातिपदिकस्य — it is an ordinary a-stem neuter and skt-data declines it

  • √उत्कण्ठ् + क्त, तृतीया एकवचन instrumental singular

    उत्कण्ठितेन

    printed सास्रेणाश्रुद्रुतमविरतोत्कण्ठमुत्कण्ठितेन

    उत्कण्ठित, from √उत्कण्ठ् with क्त

    longing — his, and **Mallinātha derives it twice, two different ways.** First as a taddhita: उत्कण्ठा वेदनास्य जाता इति उत्कण्ठितः, *one in whom the ache has arisen*, by the affix इतच् of Pāṇini 5.2.36 तदस्य संजातं तारकादिभ्य इतच् — which makes the word a noun built on उत्कण्ठा and no participle at all. Then, as an alternative he allows rather than argues for: उत्कण्ठतेर्वा कर्तरि क्तः, *or क्त from √उत्कण्ठ् in the agent sense*. **The choice decides whether the word has a table**: as a participle it gets none here, and under his first reading it is a plain a-stem the generator declines

  • a-stem neuter, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    उष्णोच्छ्वासम्

    printed उष्णोच्छ्वासं

    उच्छ्वास

    breathing hard — hers, and the word उष्ण is not doing what it looks like. Mallinātha glosses तीव्रनिःश्वासम्, *sharp-breathed*, and quotes Halāyudha for it. **DCS tags the masculine**, which is the gender उच्छ्वास has on its own; inside a bahuvrīhi describing अङ्गम् it takes the neuter, and the surface form does not change either way

    The obvious reading is the one Mallinātha refuses. उष्ण is *hot*, and hot sighs are what a poem about separation is expected to have; but he glosses उष्णोच्छ्वासं तीव्रनिःश्वासम्, *of sharp breath*, and puts a lexicon behind it — तिग्मं तीव्रं खरं तीक्ष्णं चण्डमुष्णं समं स्मृतम्, Halāyudha's line of six words held equivalent, of which उष्ण is one. So the word is not the temperature of her breath but its violence. It is the first time that lexicon has been cited since 1.40, and the first in the second canto.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.42: uṣṇocchvāsaṃ tīvraniḥśvāsam || “tigmaṃ tīvraṃ kharaṃ tīkṣṇaṃ caṇḍam uṣṇaṃ samaṃ smṛtam” iti halāyudhaḥ

  • in-stem neuter, तृतीया एकवचन instrumental singular

    समधिकतरोच्छ्वासिना

    उच्छ्वासिन्, from √श्वस् with उद् and णिनि

    sighing longer still — his, and the last of the five epithets on his side. Mallinātha names the affix, ताच्छील्ये णिनिः, so the sense is habitual: not that he sighed but that he does nothing else. **The gender costs the word its table.** DCS reads the masculine and skt-data declines उच्छ्वासिन् as an in-stem masculine; agreeing with the neuter अङ्गेन it is an in-stem neuter, and skt-data offers no `in-neut` — the fourth word to fall into that gap, after अन्तर्भवन at 1.46 and 1.64 and उपरिस्पन्दि at 2.35

  • in-stem masculine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    दूरवर्ती

    वर्तिन्, from √वृत् with णिनि

    far off — the subject, and the first word of the stanza that is about the man rather than about a limb. Mallinātha glosses दूरस्थः and gives the pāda its job in one line: **न चागन्तुं शक्यत इत्याह** — *and he cannot come, so he says this*. Everything from here to the end of the verse is the answer to why a man who feels all that stays where he is

  • a-stem masculine, तृतीया बहुवचन instrumental plural

    सङ्कल्पैः

    printed सङ्कल्पैस्तैर्विशति

    सङ्कल्प

    by imaginings — Mallinātha glosses मनोरथैः, *by wishes of the mind*, which is the word for a thing wanted and not had. **The instrumental is the stanza's last and it is of a different kind from the five before it**: those were the limb he touches with, this is the means by which the touching happens at all. He is not near her body; he reaches it by wanting to

  • pronoun, तृतीया बहुवचन instrumental plural

    तैः

    printed सङ्कल्पैस्तैर्विशति

    तद्

    those — and the poem never says which. **Mallinātha's gloss is the answer to why it does not**: तैः स्वसंवेद्यैः, *those knowable only to himself*. A demonstrative that points at nothing said is exactly right for a thing no second person can be told; the word gestures and stops

    तैः, *those* imaginings — and the poem never says which. Mallinātha's gloss is the answer to why it does not: तैः स्वसंवेद्यैः, *those knowable only to himself*. A demonstrative that points at nothing said is exactly right for a thing no second person can be told; the word gestures and stops. A message that has been passed from a yakṣa to a cloud, and will be passed on to a woman, arrives at its very end at the one thing that cannot be passed on at all.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.42: taiḥ svasaṃvedyaiḥ saṅkalpaiḥ

  • √विश्, class 6, लट्, parasmaipada, third person singular

    विशति

    printed सङ्कल्पैस्तैर्विशति

    √विश् of the sixth class

    enters — the stanza's only finite verb, holding twenty words. Mallinātha will not leave it at *enters*: **एकीभवतीत्यर्थः**, *meaning, he becomes one with it*. The plain verb says a body goes into a place; his gloss says the two bodies stop being two. It is a present tense, so the thing is happening while the cloud listens

  • i-stem masculine, तृतीया एकवचन instrumental singular

    विधिना

    विधि

    by fate — **and the word's usual sense is the other one.** विधि is *rule, injunction*, the noun the grammarians live in; Mallinātha glosses विधिना दैवेन, by destiny. One stanza earlier the poem was talking about what must be said first, an obligation; here the same family of word is the thing that decides where a man has to live

    विधि's usual sense is the other one. विधि is *rule, injunction*, the noun the grammarians live in; here Mallinātha glosses विधिना दैवेन, *by destiny* — the fate that decides where a man has to live. And the verse calls that fate an enemy: वैरिणा, which he softens to विरोधिना, *opposing*, though वैरिन् is built on वैर, feud, and means one who has a quarrel with you. दूरवर्ती is how far off he is and रुद्धमार्गः is why he does not walk it; Mallinātha frames the whole fourth pāda न चागन्तुं शक्यत इत्याह, *and he cannot come, so he says this* — the distance and the shut road are the answer to why a man who feels all this stays where he is.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.42: dūravartī dūrasthaḥ | na cāgantuṃ śakyata ityāha … vairiṇā virodhinā vidhinā daivena ruddhamārgaḥ

  • in-stem masculine, तृतीया एकवचन instrumental singular

    वैरिणा

    वैरिन्

    an enemy — Mallinātha glosses विरोधिना, *opposing*, which is the milder word; वैरिन् is built on वैर, feud, and means somebody who has a quarrel with you. **The curse of 1.1 was earned and the poem said so**; this word says the fate carrying it out is not a judge but an adversary, and nothing in the commentary softens that

  • a-stem masculine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    रुद्धमार्गः

    मार्ग

    his road shut — the last word of the stanza, and the one that closes the argument: he is far off, and the way back is blocked, so what is left is to want. Mallinātha glosses प्रतिबद्धवर्त्मा and then supplies the subject the verse leaves out — **स ते सहचरः**, *he, your companion* — carrying down the सहचरः of 2.41

दूरवर्ती · वैरिणा · विधिना · रुद्धमार्गः · सः [supplied] · तनुना · गाढतप्तेन · सास्रेण · उत्कण्ठितेन · समधिकतरोच्छ्वासिना · अङ्गेन · प्रतनु · तप्तम् · अश्रुद्रुतम् · अविरतोत्कण्ठम् · उष्णोच्छ्वासम् · अङ्गम् · तैः · सङ्कल्पैः · विशति

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, whose commentary runs as anvaya. **What he does to the verse is to unweave it.** Kālidāsa writes the epithets in touching pairs, one instrumental beside one accusative, five times over; Mallinātha sorts them, putting the man's five together and the woman's five together, each group ending in its अङ्ग. He supplies one word, सः, and writes it as स ते सहचरः — the other two are his identification of who the pronoun is rather than words the sentence needs“dūravartī dūrasthaḥ | na cāgantuṃ śakyata ityāha | vairiṇā virodhinā vidhinā daivena ruddhamārgaḥ pratibaddhavartmā sa te sahacaraḥ | tanunā kṛśena gāḍhataptenātyantasantaptena sāsreṇa sāśruṇā | utkaṇṭhā vedanāsya jātotkaṇṭhitas tenotkaṇṭhitena … samadhikataroc[chvā]sī tena … aṅgena svaśarīreṇa pratanuṃ kṛśaṃ taptaṃ … aśrudrutam … aviratotkaṇṭham … uṣṇocchvāsaṃ … aṅgaṃ tvadīyaṃ śarīraṃ taiḥ svasaṃvedyaiḥ saṅkalpair manorathair vi[ś]ati”

the dependency structure

विशति · क्रिया — enters, विशति; the stanza's only finite verb, √विश् of the sixth class in the present, holding twenty words on one predicate. Mallinātha will not leave it at *enters*: एकीभवतीत्यर्थः, meaning he becomes one with her — the plain verb of a body going into a place, read as two bodies ceasing to be two

सः · कर्ता — he, सः [supplied]; the agent, the man who does the entering, whom Mallinātha names स ते सहचरः, *he, your companion*, carrying down the सहचरः of 2.41 — the first thing in the stanza that is the man rather than a limb of his

दूरवर्ती · agreeing with सः — far off, दूरवर्ती दूरस्थः; and Mallinātha gives the epithet its work — न चागन्तुं शक्यत इत्याह, *and he cannot come, so he says this* — so the distance is not scene-setting but the answer to why a man who feels all this stays where he is

रुद्धमार्गः · agreeing with सः — his road shut, रुद्धमार्गः प्रतिबद्धवर्त्मा; the last word of the stanza and the one that closes the argument — he is far off, and the way back is blocked, so what is left is to want

विधिना · करण — by Fate, विधिना दैवेन; the instrument that shuts the road, and the word's usual sense is the other one — विधि is *rule, injunction*, and Mallinātha glosses it दैवेन, destiny, the thing that decides where a man must live

वैरिणा · agreeing with विधिना — an enemy, वैरिणा विरोधिना; Mallinātha softens it to *opposing*, but वैरिन् is built on वैर, feud, and means one who has a quarrel with you — the Fate carrying out the curse is not a judge but an adversary

अङ्गेन · करण — with his own body, अङ्गेन स्वशरीरेण; and that one gloss decides the whole stanza — every instrumental in it is the man, and this is the limb he touches her with, holding five epithets of his own

तनुना · agreeing with अङ्गेन — thin, तनुना कृशेन; the adjective *thin*, not the noun *body*, though the two are the same word — his side of the pair प्रतनु तनुना, the plainer of the two

गाढतप्तेन · agreeing with अङ्गेन — burnt deep, गाढतप्तेनात्यन्तसन्तप्तेन; utterly scorched, गाढ standing adverbially in front — *deeply* — and one of the two intensifiers that fall on the man's side

सास्रेण · agreeing with अङ्गेन — in tears, सास्रेण साश्रुणा; a bahuvrīhi, अस्रेण सह, the limb that has tears with it, which Mallinātha does not derive but simply swaps, one word for tears for another

उत्कण्ठितेन · agreeing with अङ्गेन — longing, उत्कण्ठितेन; Mallinātha derives it twice — first as a taddhita, उत्कण्ठा वेदनास्य जाता, *one in whom the ache has arisen*, then as a क्त participle — the ache that has come to be in him

समधिकतरोच्छ्वासिना · agreeing with अङ्गेन — sighing longer still, समधिकतरोच्छ्वासिना दीर्घनिःश्वासिना; an upapada compound with णिनि in the sense of habit, so not *who sighed* but *who goes on sighing*, the last of the five and the second intensifier on his side

अङ्गम् · कर्म — your body, अङ्गं त्वदीयं शरीरम्; the object entered, and Mallinātha says whose — every accusative in the stanza is the woman, and this holds her five epithets against his five, the two अङ्ग touching in two cases

प्रतनु · agreeing with अङ्गम् — worn thinner, प्रतनुं कृशम्; hers, and the प्र grades the pair — he is तनु, thin, and she is प्रतनु, thinner — though Mallinātha flattens both to कृश

तप्तम् · agreeing with अङ्गम् — burnt, तप्तं वियोगदुःखेन सन्तप्तम्; hers, and Mallinātha supplies what burns her — scorched by the pain of being apart — where the verse leaves the cause out

अश्रुद्रुतम् · agreeing with अङ्गम् — melted with weeping, अश्रुभिः द्रुतम्; hers, √द्रु being *to run, to dissolve*, so the body is going soft and not merely wet — a second word for tears, अश्रु, a syllable from his अस्र

अविरतोत्कण्ठम् · agreeing with अङ्गम् — aching without a break, अविरतोत्कण्ठमविच्छिन्नवेदनम्; hers, and Mallinātha reads उत्कण्ठा as वेदना, pain, rather than the ordinary *longing* — of unbroken pain

उष्णोच्छ्वासम् · agreeing with अङ्गम् — breathing hard, उष्णोच्छ्वासं तीव्रनिःश्वासम्; hers, and उष्ण is not *hot* but *fierce* — Mallinātha refuses the obvious reading and puts Halāyudha's lexicon behind *sharp*

सङ्कल्पैः · करण — by imaginings, सङ्कल्पैर्मनोरथैः; the stanza's last instrumental and of a different kind from the five before it — not the limb he touches with but the means by which the touching happens at all: he reaches her by wanting to

तैः · agreeing with सङ्कल्पैः — those, तैः स्वसंवेद्यैः; a demonstrative that points at nothing said, and Mallinātha's gloss is why — *those knowable only to himself* — a thing no second person can be told

uncheckedthe reader's reading, following Mallinātha's Sañjīvinī for the anvaya and the reading, which unweaves Kālidāsa's touching pairs into the man's five epithets and the woman's five, each group ending in its अङ्ग, and supplies one word, सः, written स ते सहचरः. He glosses अङ्गेन स्वशरीरेण and अङ्गं त्वदीयं शरीरम्, so every instrumental is the man and every accusative the woman; कृशेन for तनुना and कृशम् for प्रतनुम्, अत्यन्तसन्तप्तेन for गाढतप्तेन, साश्रुणा for सास्रेण, अविच्छिन्नवेदनम् for अविरतोत्कण्ठम् with उत्कण्ठा वेदना, तीव्रनिःश्वासम् for उष्णोच्छ्वासम् behind Halāyudha's line of six words for *sharp*, स्वसंवेद्यैः for तैः and मनोरथैः for सङ्कल्पैः, and एकीभवतीत्यर्थः for विशति; he derives उत्कण्ठित by इतच् with क्त as the alternative, names ताच्छील्ये णिनिः on समधिकतरोच्छ्वासिन्, and on the fourth pāda glosses दूरस्थः, विरोधिना, दैवेन and प्रतिबद्धवर्त्मा, framing it न चागन्तुं शक्यत इत्याह. The tree roots at विशति, the stanza's only finite verb, which he reads एकीभवति; no figure is named. Pāṇini 1.2.47, 3.2.78, 5.2.36, 8.2.40 and 8.4.53 are by way of skt-data's sūtra corpus. The Telugu is drawn from Vedam Venkataraya Sastri's Āndhra Meghasandeśam.

*He is far off, and an enemy Fate has shut his road; with his own body — thin, burnt through, in tears, aching, sighing longer still — he enters yours, worn thinner, burnt, melted with weeping, aching without a break, breathing hard; and he enters it by those imaginings of his.* **The stanza is built of pairs, and the pairs touch.** Six times a word for his body or its state stands beside a word for hers, and the two are the same stem in two cases: अङ्गेन अङ्गं, प्रतनु तनुना, गाढतप्तेन तप्तं, सास्रेण अश्रुद्रुतम्, अविरतोत्कण्ठम् उत्कण्ठितेन, उष्णोच्छ्वासं समधिकतरोच्छ्वासिना. Every instrumental is his and every accusative is hers — Mallinātha settles that with two glosses, **अङ्गेन स्वशरीरेण**, with his own body, and **अङ्गं त्वदीयं शरीरम्**, your body. The order flips from pair to pair, so that the cases interlock rather than run in columns, and the one thing the man cannot do is what the word order does. **Mallinātha says the two are in the same state, and the words grade them.** His remark is अत्र समरागित्वद्योतनाय नायकेन नायिकायाः समानावस्थत्वमुक्तम् — here, to show that the love is equal, the heroine is said to be in the same condition as the hero. But every pair has an intensifier on one side, and the sides alternate: hers is प्रतनु against his तनु, his गाढतप्त against her तप्त, hers अश्रुद्रुत against his सास्र, hers अविरतोत्कण्ठ against his उत्कण्ठित, his समधिकतरोच्छ्वासिन् against her उष्णोच्छ्वास. Neither wins twice running, and the last word of the five — *breathing more than more* — is his. **The fourth pāda is there to answer a question.** Mallinātha frames it: न चागन्तुं शक्यत इत्याह, *and he cannot come, so he says this*. दूरवर्ती is how far, and रुद्धमार्गः is why he does not walk it — वैरिणा विधिना, by a Fate that he glosses दैवेन and that the verse calls an enemy. What is left is सङ्कल्प, and Mallinātha will not let विशति stay a verb of motion: **एकीभवतीत्यर्थः**, meaning, he becomes one with her. The touching happens; only not in the world. **And the pronoun points at nothing.** तैः, *those* imaginings — the verse never says which, and the gloss says why it cannot: तैः स्वसंवेद्यैः, knowable only to the man having them. A message that has been passed from a yakṣa to a cloud to a woman arrives at the one thing that cannot be passed on at all. **Two affixes are named and one lexicon is quoted.** उत्कण्ठितेन he derives first as a taddhita in इतच् — उत्कण्ठा वेदनास्य जाता, the ache has arisen in him — by 5.2.36, and only then allows the participle DCS assumes; समधिकतरोच्छ्वासिना carries णिनि in the sense of habit, ताच्छील्ये णिनिः, by 3.2.78, so the sighing is not an event but a way of living. And उष्ण is not *hot*: he glosses तीव्र, sharp, and quotes Halāyudha's line of six words for fierceness to prove उष्ण belongs among them — the first time that lexicon has been cited since 1.40, and the first in the second canto. No figure is named.

uncheckedthe reader's reading, following Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī's gloss. His are: दूरस्थः for दूरवर्ती with न चागन्तुं शक्यत इत्याह, विरोधिना for वैरिणा and दैवेन for विधिना, प्रतिबद्धवर्त्मा for रुद्धमार्गः with स ते सहचरः supplied, कृशेन for तनुना and कृशम् for प्रतनुम्, अत्यन्तसन्तप्तेन for गाढतप्तेन, साश्रुणा for सास्रेण, the इतच् derivation of उत्कण्ठित with क्त as the alternative, ताच्छील्ये णिनिः with दीर्घनिःश्वासिना, स्वशरीरेण for अङ्गेन and त्वदीयं शरीरम् for अङ्गम्, अविच्छिन्नवेदनम् for अविरतोत्कण्ठम्, तीव्रनिःश्वासम् for उष्णोच्छ्वासम् with the Halāyudha line, स्वसंवेद्यैः for तैः and मनोरथैः for सङ्कल्पैः, एकीभवतीत्यर्थः for विशति, and the closing समरागित्वद्योतनाय नायकेन नायिकायाः समानावस्थत्वमुक्तम्. That the pairs touch and flip their order, that the intensifiers alternate rather than favour one side, and that the pronoun's vagueness is the point, are the reader's; Pāṇini 1.2.47, 2.2.28, 3.2.78, 5.2.36, 6.3.82, 8.2.40 and 8.4.53 are by way of skt-data's sūtra corpus. Halāyudha's lexicon is not in this repository and the quoted line cannot be checked. The stanza printed above the comment in the copy is corrupt in its second pāda — it reads साश्रेणाश्रुतमविरतोत्कण्ठमुष्कण्ठितेन, a syllable short of Mandākrāntā — and the commentary underneath it glosses the same text `text.md` prints“atra samarāgitvadyotanāya nāyakena nāyikāyāḥ samānāvasthatvam uktam”

He is far off, and an enemy Fate has shut his road; with his own body — thin, burnt through, in tears, aching, sighing longer still — he enters yours, worn thinner, burnt, melted with weeping, aching without a break, breathing hard; and he enters it by those imaginings of his. The stanza is built of pairs that touch: six times a word for his body stands beside the same stem for hers in another case — अङ्गेन अङ्गं, प्रतनु तनुना, गाढतप्तेन तप्तं, and so on — every instrumental his, settled by अङ्गेन स्वशरीरेण, every accusative hers, by अङ्गं त्वदीयं शरीरम्. Mallinātha says the two are in one state — अत्र समरागित्वद्योतनाय नायकेन नायिकायाः समानावस्थत्वमुक्तम्, here, to show that the love is equal, the heroine is said to be in the same condition as the hero — but each pair carries one intensifier and the sides alternate, so neither wins twice running, and the last of the five, *breathing more than more*, is his. विशति he will not leave a verb of motion: एकीभवतीत्यर्थः, he becomes one with her — the touching happens, only not in the world. And तैः points at nothing said, तैः स्वसंवेद्यैः, knowable only to the man having them. No figure is named.

  • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.42: atra samarāgitvadyotanāya nāyakena nāyikāyāḥ samānāvasthatvam uktam

No figure is named for this verse by the commentary this reading follows, so none is shown.