मेघदूतम् · कालिदास · 2.46

संदेश · the empty arms, and the forest goddesses weeping

मामाकाशप्रणिहितभुजं निर्दयाश्लेषहेतोः

मा
मा
का
श
प्र
णि
हि
त
भु
जं
नि
र्द
या
श्ले
ष
हे
तोः

लब्धायास्ते कथमपि मया स्वप्नसंदर्शनेषु

ल
ब्धा
या
स्ते
क
थ
म
पि
म
या
स्व
प्न
सं
द
र्श
ने
षु

पश्यन्तीनां न खलु बहुशो न स्थलीदेवतानां

प
श्य
न्ती
नां
न
ख
लु
ब
हु
शो
न
स्थ
ली
दे
व
ता
नां

मुक्तास्थूलास्तरुकिसलयेष्वश्रुलेशाः पतन्ति

मु
क्ता
स्थू
ला
स्त
रु
कि
स
ल
ये
ष्व
श्रु
ले
शाः
प
त
न्ति

pāda a

  • माguruits long vowel आ
  • माguruits long vowel आ
  • काguruits long vowel आ
  • शguruthe conjunct प्र that follows it
  • प्रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • णिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • हिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • भुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • जंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • निguruthe conjunct र्द that follows it
  • र्दlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • याguruits long vowel आ
  • श्लेguruits long vowel ए
  • षlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • हेguruits long vowel ए
  • तोःguruthe visarga it carries
  • yati after 4 — a compound member ends here, inside आकाशप्रणिहितभुजम्
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — मामाकाशप्रणिहितभुजं

pāda b

  • लguruthe conjunct ब्ध that follows it
  • ब्धाguruits long vowel आ
  • याguruits long vowel आ
  • स्तेguruits long vowel ए
  • कlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • थlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • पिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • याguruits long vowel आ
  • स्वguruthe conjunct प्न that follows it
  • प्नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • संguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • दguruthe conjunct र्श that follows it
  • र्शlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नेguruits long vowel ए
  • षुlaghuits short vowel — light on its own, though the pāda ends here
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — लब्धायास्ते
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — मया

pāda c

  • पguruthe conjunct श्य that follows it
  • श्यguruthe conjunct न्त that follows it
  • न्तीguruits long vowel ई
  • नांguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • खlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • बlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • हुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • शोguruits long vowel ओ
  • नguruthe conjunct स्थ that follows it
  • स्थlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लीguruits long vowel ई
  • देguruits long vowel ए
  • वlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • ताguruits long vowel आ
  • नांguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — पश्यन्तीनां
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — बहुशो

pāda d

  • मुguruthe conjunct क्त that follows it
  • क्ताguruits long vowel आ
  • स्थूguruits long vowel ऊ
  • लाguruits long vowel आ
  • स्तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • किlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • सlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • येguruits long vowel ए
  • ष्वguruthe conjunct श्र that follows it
  • श्रुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लेguruits long vowel ए
  • शाःguruthe visarga it carries
  • पlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तguruthe conjunct न्त that follows it
  • न्तिlaghuits short vowel — light on its own, though the pāda ends here
  • yati after 4 — it falls inside the compound मुक्तास्थूलाः
  • yati after 10 — it falls inside the compound तरुकिसलयेषु
  • माम् + आकाशप्रणिहितभुजम् → मामाकाशप्रणिहितभुजं

    म् + आ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • लब्धायाः + ते → लब्धायास्ते

    ः + त्

  • कथम् + अपि → कथमपि

    म् + अ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • पश्यन्तीनाम् + न → पश्यन्तीनां

    म् + न्

  • बहुशस् + न → बहुशो

    स् + न्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • स्थलीदेवतानाम् + मुक्तास्थूलाः → स्थलीदेवतानां

    म् + म्

  • मुक्तास्थूलाः + तरुकिसलयेषु → मुक्तास्थूलास्तरुकिसलयेष्वश्रुलेशाः

    ः + त्

  • तरुकिसलयेषु + अश्रुलेशाः → मुक्तास्थूलास्तरुकिसलयेष्वश्रुलेशाः

    उ + अ

  • आकाश + प्रणिहित → आकाशप्रणिहितभुजम्

    अ + प्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • प्रणिहित + भुज → आकाशप्रणिहितभुजम्

    अ + भ्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • निर्दय + आश्लेष → निर्दयाश्लेषहेतोः

    अ + आ → आ · falls inside the syllable या

  • आश्लेष + हेतु → निर्दयाश्लेषहेतोः

    अ + ह्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • स्वप्न + संदर्शन → स्वप्नसंदर्शनेषु

    अ + स्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • स्थली + देवता → स्थलीदेवतानाम्

    ई + द्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • मुक्ता + स्थूल → मुक्तास्थूलाः

    आ + स्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • तरु + किसलय → तरुकिसलयेषु

    उ + क्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • अश्रु + लेश → अश्रुलेशाः

    उ + ल्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

बहुशस् + न makes बहुशो न: the final स् becomes रु by Pāṇini 8.2.66 ससजुषो रुः and then ओ before the voiced न् by 6.1.113 अतो रोरप्लुतादप्लुते. A word-final visarga becomes स् before a voiceless त् by 8.3.34 विसर्जनीयस्य सः — लब्धायास्ते, मुक्तास्थूलास्तरु. तरुकिसलयेषु + अश्रुलेशाः makes तरुकिसलयेष्वश्रुलेशाः, the उ turned to व् before the अ, यण् by 6.1.77 इको यणचि. A word-final म् becomes anusvāra before a consonant by 8.3.23 मोऽनुस्वारः — पश्यन्तीनां न, स्थलीदेवतानां मुक्ता — and is kept before a vowel, मामाकाश, कथमपि. Inside the compound निर्दय + आश्लेष the अ and आ make a long आ by 6.1.101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः, निर्दयाश्लेष.

  • Chinnaya Sūri, Bālavyākaraṇam — సంధిపరిచ్ఛేదము; vendor/balavyakaranam-sandhi.txt
  • माम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

    with आकाशप्रणिहितभुजम्

  • निर्दयाश्लेषहेतोः षष्ठी · genitive — a genitive of cause, the sixth case where हेतु itself stands

    निर्दयाश्लेषहेतोः, for the sake of a merciless embrace, ends in हेतु, reason, and its case is the genitive — Mallinātha names the rule, षष्ठी हेतुप्रयोगे इति षष्ठी, Pāṇini 2.3.26, which puts the sixth case when the word हेतु itself is used. DCS reads the fifth (ablative), and in a u-stem the two are the same syllable, हेतोः, so the sūtra is the only thing that decides it. He reads निर्दय as force rather than cruelty, गाढालिङ्गनम्, a tight embrace, takes the last member as restating the first two, स एव हेतुः, and turns the whole into an adverb, निर्दयाश्लेषार्थम्, for the purpose of a fierce embrace.

    • Aṣṭādhyāyī — 2.3.26 षष्ठी हेतुप्रयोगे
    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.46: te tava nirdayāśleṣo gāḍhāliṅganaṃ sa eva hetus tasya | nirdayāśleṣārtham ityarthaḥ || “ṣaṣṭhī hetuprayoge” iti ṣaṣṭhī
  • लब्धायाः षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word

  • ते षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word

  • मया तृतीया · instrumental — करण, the instrument or cause

  • स्वप्नसंदर्शनेषु सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location

  • पश्यन्तीनाम् षष्ठी · genitive — a present active participle in शतृ, feminine in ङीप्

    पश्यन्तीनाम्, of those who are watching, is √दृश् (the present stem पश्य, the same one that gave उत्पश्यामि at 2.44) with the affix शतृ, which makes a present active participle by Pāṇini 3.2.124 लटः शतृशानचावप्रथमासमानाधिकरणे. The न् before the ending is obligatory after this present stem by 7.1.81 शप्श्यनोर्नित्यम्, and the feminine is made in ङीप् by 4.1.6 उगितश्च — the same affix that makes गुणवती at 2.47. The word turns the poem's own verb around: at 2.44 he was the one looking and finding nothing; here he is what is looked at.

    • Aṣṭādhyāyī — 3.2.124 लटः शतृशानचावप्रथमासमानाधिकरणे
    • Aṣṭādhyāyī — 4.1.6 उगितश्च
    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.46: prasāritabāhuṃ māṃ paśyantīnāṃ sthalīdevatānām
  • स्थलीदेवतानाम् षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word

  • तरुकिसलयेषु सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location

  • अश्रुलेशाः प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

    with मुक्तास्थूलाः

प्रकरण 1 · हलन्त्यम्

प्रकरण 2 · इको यणचि

प्रकरण 3 · स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः

प्रकरण 4 · वा शरि

  • ससजुषो रुः 8.2.66← निर्दयाश्लेषहेतोः; लब्धायाः; मुक्तास्थूलाः; अश्रुलेशाः

प्रकरण 5 · अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्

प्रकरण 6 · औङ आपः

प्रकरण 34 · ण्वुल्तृचौ

प्रकरण 60 · स्त्रियाम्

not in the abridgement

आकाशप्रणिहितभुजम्

आकाश · प्रणिहित · भुज

  1. आकाशे प्रणिहितौ

    तत्पुरुष (locative) — laid out into the sky

  2. आकाशप्रणिहितौ भुजौ यस्य तम्

    बहुव्रीहि — whose arms are held out into the sky

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to माम्. with his arms out into the air — **and Mallinātha adds one word to the first member that is the whole of the picture**: आकाशे **निर्विषये**, in the sky, *which has nothing in it*. The arms close on air. He glosses the participle प्रसारितबाहुम्, arms stretched wide, so the gesture is the full embrace and not a reaching. भुज is dual in sense and singular in form, which a compound-final may be

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses आकाशे निर्विषये प्रणिहितभुजं प्रसारितबाहुं माम्; DCS gives the members as आकाश, प्रणिधा and भुज, lemmatising the middle as the root with its two preverbs rather than as the stem प्रणिहित“ākāśe nirviṣaye praṇihitabhujaṃ prasāritabāhuṃ māṃ paśyantīnām”

निर्दयाश्लेषहेतोः

निर्दय · आश्लेष · हेतु

  1. निर्दयः आश्लेषः

    कर्मधारय — an embrace without mercy

  2. निर्दयाश्लेषः एव हेतुः, तस्य

    कर्मधारय — that embrace, which is the reason

कर्मधारय. for the sake of a merciless embrace — निर्दय is *pitiless*, and Mallinātha reads it as force rather than cruelty: गाढालिङ्गनम्, a tight embrace. **His उत्तरपद analysis is स एव हेतुः**, *that very thing is the reason*, so the last member does not govern the first two but restates them; and he turns the whole into an adverb, निर्दयाश्लेषार्थम्, *for the purpose of*. **Then he names the rule for the case**: “षष्ठी हेतुप्रयोगे” इति षष्ठी, Pāṇini 2.3.26 — the sixth case is used where the word हेतु itself stands. DCS reads the fifth

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses ते तव निर्दयाश्लेषो गाढालिङ्गनं स एव हेतुस्तस्य । निर्दयाश्लेषार्थमित्यर्थः and names “षष्ठी हेतुप्रयोगे” इति षष्ठी; Pāṇini 2.3.26 by way of skt-data's sūtra corpus; DCS gives the members as निर्दय, आश्लेष and हेतु, and tags the fifth case where he names the sixth — the two are the same syllable in a u-stem“te tava nirdayāśleṣo gāḍhāliṅganaṃ sa eva hetus tasya | nirdayāśleṣārtham ityarthaḥ || “ṣaṣṭhī hetuprayoge” iti ṣaṣṭhī”

स्वप्नसंदर्शनेषु

स्वप्न · संदर्शन

  1. स्वप्नाः एव संदर्शनानि, तेषु

    कर्मधारय — the dreams that are the seeings

कर्मधारय. in seeings that are dreams — **and Mallinātha explains why two words are used for one thing.** He defines each from a lexicon — स्वप्न is सुप्तस्य विज्ञानम्, the knowing of a sleeper, and सन्दर्शन is संवित्, awareness — and then says the two stand together **चूतवृक्षादिवत्सामान्यविशेषभावेन**, as *mango-tree* does, by the relation of the particular to the general. A dream is a kind of seeing, and the compound names the kind and the class in that order

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who quotes “स्वप्नः सुप्तस्य विज्ञानम्” इति विश्वः and “दर्शनं समये शास्त्रे दृष्टौ स्वप्नेऽक्ष्णि संविदि” इति शब्दार्णवे, glosses स्वप्नसन्दर्शनानि स्वप्नज्ञानानि and names चूतवृक्षादिवत्सामान्यविशेषभावेन सहप्रयोगः; DCS gives the members as स्वप्न and संदर्शन“svapnasandarśanāni svapnajñānāni || cūtavṛkṣādivat sāmānyaviśeṣabhāvena sahaprayogaḥ”

स्थलीदेवतानाम्

स्थली · देवता

  1. स्थल्याः देवताः, तासाम्

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the goddesses of the ground

तत्पुरुष. of the goddesses of the place — स्थली is dry ground, a piece of open land, so these are the spirits of the particular ground he is standing on and not deities of anywhere else. Mallinātha carries the compound through unglossed, and spends his last sentence instead on where their tears are allowed to fall

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who construes मां पश्यन्तीनां स्थलीदेवतानां … अश्रुलेशाः and does not unpack the compound; DCS gives it as one lemma, स्थलीदेवता, and marks no members“prasāritabāhuṃ māṃ paśyantīnāṃ sthalīdevatānām”

मुक्तास्थूलाः

मुक्ता · स्थूल

  1. मुक्ताः इव स्थूलाः

    कर्मधारय — as fat as pearls

कर्मधारय — it agrees with अश्रुलेशाः. big as pearls — a comparison with the *like* left out, which the tradition calls an उपमानपूर्वपद कर्मधारय, by Pāṇini 2.1.55 उपमानानि सामान्यवचनैः: the thing compared to stands first and the shared quality second. **Mallinātha puts the इव back in**: मुक्ता मौक्तिकानीव स्थूलाः. He does not name the compound type here, as he named उपमितसमास for the alternative reading at 2.44 — that one had the members the other way round

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses मुक्ता मौक्तिकानीव स्थूलाः; Pāṇini 2.1.55 by way of skt-data's sūtra corpus, not named by him; DCS gives the members as मुक्ता and स्थूल. The comparison with 2.44 is the reader's“muktā mauktikānīva sthūlā aśruleśā bāṣpabindavaḥ”

तरुकिसलयेषु

तरु · किसलय

  1. तरूणां किसलयानि, तेषु

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the new leaves of the trees

तत्पुरुष. on the young leaves of the trees — **and Mallinātha's last sentence is about why the leaves and not the ground.** He quotes a verse of omens: if the tears of great souls, of teachers or of gods fall on the earth, then loss of country, great sorrow and death are certain. There is a prohibition, then, on a deity's tears touching the ground — so the poet drops them on the leaves instead, and the yakṣa is not killed by his own poem

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who quotes “महात्मगुरुदेवानामश्रुपातः क्षितौ यदि । देशभ्रंशो महद्दुःखं मरणं च भवेद्ध्रुवम्” and reasons क्षितौ देवताश्रुपातनिषेधदर्शनात् … तरुकिसलयेषु पतन्तीत्युक्तम्; DCS gives the members as तरु and किसलय. The quoted omen verse is named to no work and is not in this repository“iti kṣitau devatāśrupātaniṣedhadarśanād yakṣasya maraṇa[a]bhāvasūcanārthaṃ tarukisalayeṣu patantītyuktam”

अश्रुलेशाः

अश्रु · लेश

  1. अश्रूणां लेशाः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the small parts of tears

तत्पुरुष. drops of tears — लेश is *a particle, the least bit*, and putting it against the स्थूल of the compound before makes the phrase say small and large at once: the smallest amount of tears, and each one the size of a pearl. Mallinātha glosses बाष्पबिन्दवः, drops of tears, and lets the tension stand. **अश्रु is the third word for tears in five stanzas**, after 2.42's अस्र and अश्रु and 2.45's अस्रैः

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses अश्रुलेशा बाष्पबिन्दवः; DCS gives the members as अश्रु and लेश. The reading of लेश against स्थूल, and the count, are the reader's“sthūlā aśruleśā bāṣpabindavas tarukisalayeṣu”

  • pronoun, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    माम्

    printed मामाकाशप्रणिहितभुजं

    अस्मद्

    me — the object of the participle in the third pāda, and it stands first in the stanza, four words before the thing it is the object of. **The first person is the husband's own**, as उत्पश्यामि was at 2.44 and इच्छामि at 2.45: three stanzas running open on a verb or a pronoun of his, spoken through a cloud

  • a-stem masculine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    आकाशप्रणिहितभुजम्

    printed मामाकाशप्रणिहितभुजं

    भुज

    his arms put out into the air — a bahuvrīhi on माम्, so the case and gender are the pronoun's and not the arm's. Mallinātha's gloss of the first member is the line that hurts: आकाशे **निर्विषये**, in a sky with nothing in it. The middle member is प्र + नि + √धा with क्त, *set down, placed*, glossed प्रसारित, spread out

    One word turns the stanza: निर्विषये. Mallinātha glosses आकाशे with it — in the sky, which has nothing in it — and the whole gesture becomes what it is, two arms closing on air. He is equally flat about what happened in the dream just before: लब्धायाः is गृहीतायाः, दृष्टाया इति यावत्, obtained, that is caught hold of; seen, is as far as it goes. It is the same correction he made three times at 2.45, where the drawn woman had to be turned back into a drawing. Here what looks like holding her is only having seen her, and the arms go out for an embrace that the sky will not fill.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.46: ākāśe nirviṣaye praṇihitabhujaṃ prasāritabāhuṃ mām … labdhāyā gṛhītāyāḥ | dṛṣṭāyā iti yāvat
  • u-stem masculine, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular

    निर्दयाश्लेषहेतोः

    हेतु

    for the sake of a fierce embrace — **and the case is a rule Mallinātha names.** DCS reads the fifth, which for a u-stem is the same syllable; he writes “षष्ठी हेतुप्रयोगे” इति षष्ठी, the sixth case where the word हेतु itself is used, Pāṇini 2.3.26. The genitive hangs on लब्धायाः ते two words later, so the embrace is *of you* and the case has to be the sixth for both

  • √लभ् + क्त, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular

    लब्धायाः

    printed लब्धायास्ते

    लब्ध, from √लभ् with क्त

    who had been got hold of — passive, agreeing with ते, and Mallinātha will not leave the word at its face value: लब्धायाः **गृहीतायाः । दृष्टाया इति यावत्** — obtained, that is caught hold of; *seen*, is as far as it goes. **The correction is the same kind he made three times at 2.45**, where the two accusatives had to be turned into pictures. Here what looks like holding her is only seeing her

  • pronoun, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular

    ते

    printed लब्धायास्ते

    युष्मद्

    of you — the genitive the embrace is of, and Mallinātha keeps it where it belongs: ते तव निर्दयाश्लेषः, *a fierce embrace of you*. It is the fourth stanza running in which the message's second person is a woman held only in a construction

  • अव्यय

    कथम्

    printed कथमपि

    कथम्

    somehow — the interrogative *how* used indefinitely, and Mallinātha reads the pair कथमपि as effort rather than luck: **महता प्रयत्नेन**, by a great deal of trying. Getting to see her at all, even asleep, takes work

  • अव्यय

    अपि

    printed कथमपि

    अपि

    at all — the particle that makes कथम् indefinite, as it made क्वचित् indefinite at 2.44 and carried the argument at 2.45. **Three stanzas running it does different work**, and this is the plainest of the three: it turns a question word into *by whatever means*

  • pronoun, तृतीया एकवचन instrumental singular

    मया

    अस्मद्

    by me — the agent of the passive participle लब्धायाः, which is what an instrumental is there for. **The stanza's two first-person pronouns stand in different cases and different roles**: माम् is what the goddesses see, मया is who did the catching in the dream, and between them is the whole distance between what he does and what is done to him

  • a-stem neuter, सप्तमी बहुवचन locative plural

    स्वप्नसंदर्शनेषु

    संदर्शन

    in dream-seeings — **the plural is the point**: not *in a dream* but in dreams, over and over, which is the same repetition मुहुः carried at 2.45. Mallinātha glosses the whole स्वप्नज्ञानानि, dream-knowings, and defends the doubling as the general beside the particular, चूतवृक्षादिवत्, like *mango-tree*. **This is the third of the four consolations he listed at 2.43**, स्वप्नदर्शन

    He stops to justify a compound that looks redundant. स्वप्नसन्दर्शन is dream and seeing together; he defines each from a lexicon — स्वप्न is सुप्तस्य विज्ञानम्, the knowing of a sleeper, from Viśva, and सन्दर्शन is संवित्, awareness, from the Śabdārṇava — and then says the two stand together चूतवृक्षादिवत्सामान्यविशेषभावेन, as mango-tree does, by the relation of the particular to the general. A dream is a kind of seeing, and the compound names the kind and the class in that order. The plural is the point too: not in a dream but in dreams, the same repetition मुहुः carried at 2.45.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.46: svapnasandarśanāni svapnajñānāni || cūtavṛkṣādivat sāmānyaviśeṣabhāvena sahaprayogaḥ
  • √दृश् + शतृ, षष्ठी बहुवचन genitive plural

    पश्यन्तीनाम्

    printed पश्यन्तीनां

    पश्यन्ती, from √दृश् with शतृ and ङीप्

    who are watching — a present active participle, feminine, agreeing with the goddesses. **DCS marks it a participle and does not say which, so the drafting script wrote क्त and called it a past one**; it is शतृ, by Pāṇini 3.2.124 लटः शतृशानचावप्रथमासमानाधिकरणे, with the न् obligatory after the present stem by 7.1.81 शप्श्यनोर्नित्यम् and the feminine in ङीप् by 4.1.6 उगितश्च. The present stem is पश्य, √दृश्'s, the same one that gave उत्पश्यामि at 2.44 — **there he was looking and finding nothing; here he is what is looked at**

  • अव्यय

    न

    न

    not — the first of two, and the stanza is famous for them. Mallinātha spells the construction out: बहुशो न पतन्तीति न । **किन्तु पतन्त्येवेत्यर्थः** — *it is not the case that they do not fall often; rather, they certainly do fall*. The two negatives do not cancel to a bare positive but to an emphatic one

    The famous thing in this stanza is two negatives, and Mallinātha cites a rule for them. बहुशो न पतन्तीति न, किन्तु पतन्त्येवेत्यर्थः — it is not that they do not often fall; rather, they simply do. निश्चये नञ्द्वयप्रयोगः, two negatives for certainty, and he backs it with an अधिकारसूत्र, स्मृतिनिश्चयसिद्धार्थेषु नञ्द्वयप्रयोगः सिद्धः. The खलु standing between the two negatives puts an emphasis of its own on top of the doubling, so the line insists three times over on a thing said of somebody else's tears — that they fall, and often. He names no work for the sūtra and it is not among Pāṇini's, so the citation cannot be checked.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.46: bahuśo na patantīti na | kintu patanty evetyarthaḥ | niścaye nañdvayaprayogaḥ
  • अव्यय

    खलु

    खलु

    surely — standing between the two negatives, so that the emphasis has a particle of its own on top of the doubled न. Mallinātha does not gloss it; his किन्तु पतन्त्येव is where its work shows

  • अव्यय

    बहुशस्

    printed बहुशो

    बहुशस्

    many times over — an adverb in शस्, the affix that makes *by* or *in* out of a number word. It is what the doubled negative is really about: Mallinātha's paraphrase keeps it inside the scope, बहुशो न पतन्तीति न, so what is denied is not that they fall but that they fall seldom

  • अव्यय

    न

    न

    not — the second of the two, and **Mallinātha cites a rule for the pair.** निश्चये नञ्द्वयप्रयोगः, two negatives are used for certainty, and he backs it with what he calls an अधिकारसूत्र: “स्मृतिनिश्चयसिद्धार्थेषु नञ्द्वयप्रयोगः सिद्धः”, in recollection, in certainty and in settled matters the doubled negative is established. **The line is not in skt-data's sūtra corpus** and he names no work for it

    The famous thing in this stanza is two negatives, and Mallinātha cites a rule for them. बहुशो न पतन्तीति न, किन्तु पतन्त्येवेत्यर्थः — it is not that they do not often fall; rather, they simply do. निश्चये नञ्द्वयप्रयोगः, two negatives for certainty, and he backs it with an अधिकारसूत्र, स्मृतिनिश्चयसिद्धार्थेषु नञ्द्वयप्रयोगः सिद्धः. The खलु standing between the two negatives puts an emphasis of its own on top of the doubling, so the line insists three times over on a thing said of somebody else's tears — that they fall, and often. He names no work for the sūtra and it is not among Pāṇini's, so the citation cannot be checked.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.46: bahuśo na patantīti na | kintu patanty evetyarthaḥ | niścaye nañdvayaprayogaḥ
  • ā-stem feminine, षष्ठी बहुवचन genitive plural

    स्थलीदेवतानाम्

    printed स्थलीदेवतानां

    स्थलीदेवता

    of the goddesses of the ground — the possessors of the tears, and the only other people in the stanza. **The comparison is not stated and is the whole of the pathos**: he weeps and cannot say so, and the verse gives the weeping to the spirits of the hillside instead. They are also the reason the last sentence of the comment exists, since a goddess's tears are not allowed to touch the earth

  • a-stem masculine, प्रथमा बहुवचन nominative plural

    मुक्तास्थूलाः

    printed मुक्तास्थूलास्तरुकिसलयेष्वश्रुलेशाः

    स्थूल

    as thick as pearls — Mallinātha writes the इव back in, मुक्ता मौक्तिकानीव स्थूलाः, and so turns a compound into a simile. **The word मुक्ता is a past participle used as a noun** — *the released one* — for a pearl, and the poem is at this moment about something that cannot be released; nothing in the commentary makes that point and the word makes it by itself

  • a-stem masculine, सप्तमी बहुवचन locative plural

    तरुकिसलयेषु

    printed मुक्तास्थूलास्तरुकिसलयेष्वश्रुलेशाः

    किसलय

    on the young leaves of the trees — **and this word is where Mallinātha ends the comment, on an omen.** A verse he quotes without naming its source says that if the tears of great souls, teachers or gods fall on the earth, then exile, great sorrow and death follow for certain. So a goddess's tears must not reach the ground, and the poet catches them on the leaves — which, he says, is how the verse indicates that the yakṣa does *not* die

    The last sentence of the comment explains a detail nobody would have asked about. Why do the tears fall on leaves, and not on the ground? Because of an omen Mallinātha quotes: if the tears of great souls, of teachers or of gods fall on the earth, then loss of country, great sorrow and death are certain. A goddess's tears must not touch the earth — so the poet drops them on the young leaves instead, and by that, he says, the verse conveys that the yakṣa will not die. It is a mechanism worked out to the smallest part: the weeping is displaced from the man to the goddesses, and then even the goddesses' tears are caught before they can reach the ground.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.46: “mahātmagurudevānām aśrupātaḥ kṣitau yadi | deśabhraṃśo mahadduḥkhaṃ maraṇaṃ ca bhaved dhruvam” … kṣitau devatāśrupātaniṣedhadarśanāt … tarukisalayeṣu patantītyuktam
  • a-stem masculine, प्रथमा बहुवचन nominative plural

    अश्रुलेशाः

    printed मुक्तास्थूलास्तरुकिसलयेष्वश्रुलेशाः

    लेश

    the least of their tears — the subject, arriving in the last pāda after everything else is in place. Mallinātha glosses बाष्पबिन्दवः, drops of tears, which drops the *least* that लेश carries. **Set against मुक्तास्थूलाः it says both things at once**: the smallest quantity there is, and each one the size of a pearl

  • √पत्, class 1, लट्, parasmaipada, third person plural

    पतन्ति

    √पत् of the first class

    fall — the last word, and it has two negatives and a खलु in front of it. Mallinātha's rendering is किन्तु **पतन्त्येव**, *rather, they simply do fall*. The same root stood in the participle चरणपतितम् at 2.45, where the falling was a man at a woman's feet in a picture; here it is tears on leaves, and both are things that happen instead of a meeting

स्वप्नसंदर्शनेषु · मया · कथम् · अपि · लब्धायाः · ते · निर्दयाश्लेषहेतोः · आकाशप्रणिहितभुजम् · माम् · पश्यन्तीनाम् · स्थलीदेवतानाम् · मुक्तास्थूलाः · अश्रुलेशाः · तरुकिसलयेषु · खलु · न · बहुशस् · न · पतन्ति

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, whose commentary runs as anvaya. **Nothing is supplied**, which is rare — the stanza names its subject, its verb and everybody in it. What he moves is the locative of the dream: the verse puts स्वप्नसंदर्शनेषु at the end of the second pāda and he takes it to the head, so that everything else stands inside the dream from the first word. He also brings the two nouns of the fourth pāda together, मुक्तास्थूला अश्रुलेशाः, where the verse writes a locative between them“teṣu mayā kathamapi mahatā prayatnena labdhāyā gṛhītāyāḥ | dṛṣṭāyā iti yāvat || te tava nirdayāśleṣo gāḍhāliṅganaṃ sa eva hetus tasya … ākāśe nirviṣaye praṇihitabhujaṃ prasāritabāhuṃ māṃ paśyantīnāṃ sthalīdevatānāṃ muktā mauktikānīva sthūlā aśruleśā bāṣpabindavas tarukisalayeṣu … bahuśo na patantīti na | kintu patanty evetyarthaḥ”

the dependency structure

पतन्ति · क्रिया — fall, पतन्ति; the stanza's one finite verb, and it has two negatives and a खलु in front of it. Mallinātha spells the double negative out — बहुशो न पतन्तीति न, किन्तु पतन्त्येवेत्यर्थः, it is not the case that they do not fall often, rather they certainly do fall — so the two negatives do not cancel to a bare positive but to an emphatic one

अश्रुलेशाः · कर्ता — the least of their tears, बाष्पबिन्दवः, drops of tears; the subject, arriving in the last pāda after everything else is in place

मुक्तास्थूलाः · agreeing with अश्रुलेशाः — big as pearls, मुक्ता मौक्तिकानीव स्थूलाः; the compound leaves the like out and Mallinātha puts it back — set against लेश it says small and large at once

स्थलीदेवतानाम् · षष्ठी — of the goddesses of the ground, स्थल्याः देवताः; the tears are theirs, and giving the weeping to the hillside spirits is the whole of the pathos — he weeps and cannot say so

पश्यन्तीनाम् · agreeing with स्थलीदेवतानाम् — who are watching, पश्यन्तीनाम्; a present active participle, the goddesses looking on at what the dream does

माम् · कर्म — me, माम्; what the goddesses see, and the husband's own first person, standing first in the stanza

आकाशप्रणिहितभुजम् · agreeing with माम् — arms flung out into the air, आकाशे निर्विषये प्रणिहितभुजम्; the sky has nothing in it, so the arms close on air

निर्दयाश्लेषहेतोः · हेतु — for the sake of a merciless embrace, निर्दयाश्लेषार्थम्, गाढालिङ्गनम्; the genitive of cause, the tight embrace the arms are held out for

ते · षष्ठी — of you, ते तव; the embrace is of you — the woman held only in a construction, the fourth stanza running

लब्धायाः · agreeing with ते — got hold of, गृहीतायाः, दृष्टायाः, seen is as far as it goes; passive, so what looks like holding her is only seeing her

मया · कर्तृ — by me, मया; the agent of the passive participle — he did the catching in the dream

स्वप्नसंदर्शनेषु · अधिकरण — in dream-seeings, स्वप्नज्ञानानि; the plural is the point — not in a dream but in dreams, over and over; the third consolation of 2.43

कथम् · — somehow, महता प्रयत्नेन; the interrogative used indefinitely — getting to see her at all, even asleep, takes a great deal of trying

अपि · — at all; the particle that makes कथम् indefinite, by whatever means

तरुकिसलयेषु · अधिकरण — on the young leaves of the trees, तरूणां किसलयानि; where the tears are allowed to fall, because a goddess's tears must not touch the ground

बहुशस् · — many times over, बहुशः; the adverb the doubled negative is really about — what is denied is not that they fall but that they fall seldom

खलु · — surely, खलु; standing between the two negatives, an emphasis of its own on top of the doubled न

न · निषेध — not; the first of the two, बहुशो न पतन्तीति न

न · निषेध — not; the second of the two — निश्चये नञ्द्वयप्रयोगः, two negatives are used for certainty, so किन्तु पतन्त्येव, rather, they simply do fall

uncheckedthe reader's reading, following Mallinātha's Sañjīvinī for the anvaya, which supplies nothing — the stanza names its subject, its verb and everyone in it; he glosses आकाशे as निर्विषये and प्रणिहितभुजम् as प्रसारितबाहुम्, corrects लब्धायाः to गृहीतायाः, दृष्टायाः, reads निर्दयाश्लेष as गाढालिङ्गन for the sake of which (स एव हेतुः, षष्ठी हेतुप्रयोगे 2.3.26), defines स्वप्न and सन्दर्शन from Viśva and the Śabdārṇava and justifies the compound चूतवृक्षादिवत्, writes the इव back into मुक्तास्थूलाः, glosses अश्रुलेशाः as बाष्पबिन्दवः, reads the doubled negative as निश्चये नञ्द्वयप्रयोगः with an अधिकारसूत्र, and closes with the omen verse for why the tears fall on leaves; the Telugu drawn from Vedam Venkataraya Sastri's Āndhra Meghasandeśam. The tree roots at पतन्ति, the one finite verb, with the whole subject-phrase (अश्रुलेशाः of the स्थलीदेवताः who watch माम्) hung on it and the doubled negative, खलु and बहुशस् as its own dependents. No figure is named.

*In dreams — where somehow, with great trouble, I have got hold of you — I fling my arms out for a merciless embrace, and the goddesses of this ground, watching me, do not, surely, fail to drop tears thick as pearls, and often, on the young leaves of the trees.* **One word turns the stanza: निर्विषये.** Mallinātha glosses आकाशे with it — in the sky, *which has nothing in it* — and the whole gesture becomes what it is, two arms closing on air. He is equally flat about what happened in the dream: लब्धायाः is **गृहीतायाः । दृष्टाया इति यावत्**, obtained, that is caught hold of; *seen*, is as far as it goes. It is the same correction he made three times at 2.45, where the drawn woman had to be turned back into a drawing. **The famous thing in this stanza is two negatives, and he cites a rule for them.** बहुशो न पतन्तीति न । **किन्तु पतन्त्येवेत्यर्थः** — it is not that they do not often fall; rather, they simply do. निश्चये नञ्द्वयप्रयोगः, two negatives for certainty, and he backs it with what he calls an अधिकारसूत्र: स्मृतिनिश्चयसिद्धार्थेषु नञ्द्वयप्रयोगः सिद्धः. He names no work for the line and it is not among Pāṇini's, so it stands as a citation that cannot be checked. **And the last sentence of the comment explains a detail nobody would have asked about.** Why do the tears fall on leaves? Because of an omen: if the tears of great souls, of teachers, or of gods fall on the earth, then loss of country, great sorrow and death are certain. A goddess's tears must not touch the ground — so the poet puts leaves under them, and by that, he says, the verse conveys that the yakṣa will *not* die. **The copy reads मरणभाव- where the argument requires मरणाभाव-**, and the run reads it as the argument requires while saying that the copy does not. **He also stops to justify a compound that looks redundant.** स्वप्नसन्दर्शन is dream and seeing together; he defines each from a lexicon — Viśva for स्वप्न, *the knowing of a sleeper*, and the Śabdārṇava for दर्शन among six senses — and then says the two are used together **चूतवृक्षादिवत्**, as *mango-tree* is, the particular standing beside the general. **One case is a rule he names**, “षष्ठी हेतुप्रयोगे” इति षष्ठी, Pāṇini 2.3.26, for हेतोः; DCS reads the ablative, and in a u-stem the two are the same syllable, so the sūtra is the only thing that decides it. **This is the third of the four consolations he listed at 2.43**, स्वप्नदर्शन. Unlike the first two it is not denied in the fourth pāda — the dream does happen, the arms do go out — and what the last pāda supplies instead is somebody else's weeping. No figure is named.

uncheckedthe reader's reading, following Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī's gloss. His are: सुप्तस्य विज्ञानम् for स्वप्न with Viśva and संवित् for सन्दर्शन with the Śabdārṇava, स्वप्नज्ञानानि with चूतवृक्षादिवत्सामान्यविशेषभावेन सहप्रयोगः, महता प्रयत्नेन for कथमपि, गृहीतायाः । दृष्टाया इति यावत् for लब्धायाः, गाढालिङ्गनम् for निर्दयाश्लेषः with स एव हेतुस्तस्य and “षष्ठी हेतुप्रयोगे” इति षष्ठी, निर्विषये for आकाशे and प्रसारितबाहुम् for प्रणिहितभुजम्, मौक्तिकानीव स्थूलाः for मुक्तास्थूलाः, बाष्पबिन्दवः for अश्रुलेशाः, बहुशो न पतन्तीति न । किन्तु पतन्त्येवेत्यर्थः with निश्चये नञ्द्वयप्रयोगः and the अधिकारसूत्र, and the closing omen verse with क्षितौ देवताश्रुपातनिषेधदर्शनात्. That the plural of स्वप्नसंदर्शनेषु makes the dream a habit, that माम् and मया divide what he suffers from what he does, and that the weeping is given away to the goddesses, are the reader's; Pāṇini 2.1.55, 2.3.26, 3.2.124, 4.1.6 and 7.1.81 are by way of skt-data's sūtra corpus, only 2.3.26 named by him. Neither Viśva's nor the Śabdārṇava's text is in this repository, the अधिकारसूत्र is attributed to no work, and the omen verse is named to none; none of the four can be checked. There is one further remark in the comment, अनेन चेलाञ्चलेनाश्रुधारणसमाधिर्ध्वन्यते, which says that something about catching tears in the hem of a garment is suggested; the phrase is compressed and the run does not read it further“bahuśo na patantīti na | kintu patanty evetyarthaḥ | niścaye nañdvayaprayogaḥ”

In dreams — where somehow, with great trouble, I have got hold of you — I fling my arms out for a merciless embrace, and the goddesses of this ground, watching me, do not, surely, fail to drop tears thick as pearls, and often, on the young leaves of the trees. This is the third of the four consolations Mallinātha listed at 2.43, स्वप्नदर्शन, seeing her in a dream. Unlike the first two it is not denied in the fourth pāda — the dream does happen, the arms do go out — and what the last pāda supplies instead is somebody else's weeping. The one first-person pronoun the stanza opens with, माम्, is what the goddesses see; the other, मया, is who did the catching in the dream, and between them is the whole distance between what he does and what is done to him. No figure is named.

  • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.46, whole-verse gloss; adhunā svapnadarśanam āha

No figure is named for this verse by the commentary this reading follows, so none is shown.