• a-stem masculine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

  ब्रह्मावर्तम्

  printed ब्रह्मावर्तं

  ब्रह्मावर्त

  Brahmāvarta — and Mallinātha does not gloss the name, he cites its definition, from Manu: सरस्वतीदृषद्वत्योर्देवनद्योर्यदन्तरम् । तं देवनिर्मितं देशं ब्रह्मावर्तं प्रचक्षते, 'the land that lies between the two divine rivers Sarasvatī and Dṛṣadvatī — that god-made country they call Brahmāvarta'. So the region is defined by two rivers and by who made it, and the law-book is the authority for both

  grammar of ब्रह्मावर्तम्

• a-stem masculine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

  जनपदम्

  printed जनपदमथश्छायया

  जनपद

  country — glossed देशम्. The word is literally 'where people set foot', and it names a settled region rather than a kingdom: what is being crossed is a land, and what is entered two words later is one field inside it

  grammar of जनपदम्

• अव्यय

  अथ

  printed जनपदमथश्छायया

  अथ

  next — glossed अनन्तरम्, immediately after. The particle of a sequence continued, doing here what पश्चात् did at 1.46: it puts this stanza's errand after the last one's rather than beside it

  grammar of अथ

• ā-stem feminine, तृतीया एकवचन instrumental singular

  छायया

  printed जनपदमथश्छायया

  छाया

  with its shadow — glossed अनातपमण्डलेन, 'with the disc of un-sunlight', which is a definition rather than a translation: a shadow is the round patch where the sun is not. Mallinātha then makes the instrumental do the whole work of the line — गाहमानः प्रविशन्न तु स्वरूपेण, 'entering, but not in its own form' — and gives the rule behind it: पीठक्षेत्राश्रमादीनि परिवृत्यान्यतो व्रजेत्, 'a shrine, a sacred field, a hermitage and the like one should go round, and pass by another way'. So the cloud may not cross Kurukṣetra bodily. It sends its shadow in and takes itself round

  grammar of छायया

  छायया, “with its shadow,” is the instrumental that does the whole work of the first half. Mallinātha glosses it अनातपमण्डलेन, “with the disc of un-sunlight” — a shadow being the round patch where the sun is not — and then reads गाहमानः, “wading in,” against it: गाहमानः प्रविशन्न तु स्वरूपेण, “entering, but not in its own form.” The cloud may not cross this ground bodily, for he cites the rule पीठक्षेत्राश्रमादीनि परिवृत्यान्यतो व्रजेत्, “a shrine, a sacred field, a hermitage and the like one should go round, and pass by another way.” So the cloud sends its shadow into Kurukṣetra and takes itself round: the field is holy because of the war fought on it, and holy ground is walked round, not through.

  • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.50: chāyayānātapamaṇḍalena gāhamānaḥ praviśanna tu svarūpeṇa | “pīṭhakṣetrāśramādīni parivṛtyānyato vrajet”

• √गाह् + शानच्, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

  गाहमानः

  गाहमान, from √गाह्

  plunging into — glossed प्रविशन्, entering. √गाह् is to go deep into water, and the participle is middle because the root is: the diving is done to oneself. What plunges in is not the cloud but the shadow it sends ahead of it

  grammar of गाहमानः

• a-stem neuter, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

  क्षेत्रम्

  printed क्षेत्रं

  क्षेत्र

  field — the ordinary word for tilled ground, and also the word in the rule Mallinātha quotes for a piece of holy land one must walk round. Both senses are live: the battlefield of the Mahābhārata is called a field because men fought on ploughland, and it is now a place of pilgrimage because they did

  grammar of क्षेत्रम्

• a-stem neuter, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

  क्षत्रप्रधनपिशुनम्

  printed क्षत्रप्रधनपिशुनं

  पिशुन

  informer — glossed सूचक, one who points a thing out. It is a word of reproach when it is used of a man: a backbiter. Used of ground it keeps the sense of giving away what was meant to stay hidden, and what the ground gives away is the war. पिशुन is masculine as a noun and neuter here, agreeing with क्षेत्रम्

  grammar of क्षत्रप्रधनपिशुनम्

  क्षत्रप्रधनपिशुनम्, “telling of the warriors' battle,” calls the field an informer. पिशुन, glossed सूचक, is one who points a thing out — a backbiter when it is said of a man, and here said of ground: the field gives away what should have stayed hidden, and what it gives away is the war. Mallinātha says how the ground still tells: अद्यापि शिरःकपालादिमत्तया, “by still having skulls and the like on it, even now” — eight centuries on, in his reading, the field is bone. प्रधन he fixes as “battle” from Amara's list of five words for it (युद्धमायोधनं जन्यं प्रधनं प्रविदारणम्), of which it is the fourth. पिशुन is a masculine noun on its own, but here it agrees with क्षेत्रम् and turns neuter to do it.

  • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.50: adyāpi śiraḥkapālādimattayā kurupāṇḍavayuddhasūcakam

• a-stem neuter, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

  कौरवम्

  printed कौरवं

  कौरव, from कुरु

  of the Kurus — Mallinātha gives the derivation rather than a gloss, कुरूणामिदं कौरवम्, 'this belongs to the Kurus', which is the same 'this-belongs-to-that' sense that made वासवी at 1.45. Then he says the plain thing the stanza takes four words to say: कुरुक्षेत्रं व्रज, go to Kurukṣetra. It is neuter here, agreeing with क्षेत्रम्

  grammar of कौरवम्

• pronoun, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

  तत्

  printed तद्

  तद्

  that — the demonstrative that makes the field a known one rather than any field. It is also what यत्र in the next pāda answers: the pronoun says 'that famous one', and the relative clause then says what made it famous

  grammar of तत्

• √भज्, class 1, विधिलिङ्, atmanepada, second person singular

  भजेथाः

  √भज्

  resort to — glossed व्रज, go. √भज् is to share in a thing, and so to attach oneself to it; used of a place it is to visit and of a god to worship, and both are in the air here, since the field is one a traveller goes round rather than through. The ending is आत्मनेपद, which the root takes in this sense; DCS reads it as active, the fourth verb in five stanzas it has read that way

  grammar of भजेथाः

• a-stem masculine, षष्ठी बहुवचन genitive plural

  राजन्यानाम्

  printed राजन्यानां

  राजन्य

  of the princes — glossed राज्ञाम्, of the kings. राजन्य is the kṣatriya named from राजन्: not a king in office but a man of the ruling kind. The genitive belongs to मुखानि at the end of the stanza, four words away and a pāda later

  grammar of राजन्यानाम्

• a-stem neuter, तृतीया बहुवचन instrumental plural

  शितशरशतैः

  printed शितशरशतैर्यत्र

  शत

  hundreds — the number as a noun, taking the thing counted into the compound before it. The instrumental is what the raining is done with, and it answers धारापातैः in the next pāda exactly: hundreds of arrows there, falling streams here

  grammar of शितशरशतैः

• अव्यय

  यत्र

  printed शितशरशतैर्यत्र

  यत्र

  where — the relative that opens the second half and answers तत् in the first. Everything after it is one clause about one afternoon of the war, and the whole of it is there to say why this field and no other is worth a detour

  grammar of यत्र

• an-stem masculine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

  गाण्डीवधन्वा

  धन्वन्, which धनुस् becomes at the end of a bahuvrīhi

  bow — the noun धनुस्, which turns into धन्वन् when a bahuvrīhi ends in it, so the nominative singular is धन्वा and not धनुः. Mallinātha names both rules for the change and its option, and adds the name the compound stands for: अर्जुनः. The verse never says it

  grammar of गाण्डीवधन्वा

  गाण्डीवधन्वा, “the bearer of the Gāṇḍīva,” names Arjuna by his bow, and Mallinātha takes the name apart twice. The bow first: गाण्ड्यस्यास्तीति गाण्डीवम्, “the one that has a गाण्डि is the Gāṇḍīva,” by a possessive affix व that comes, he says, only in a name. Then the compound: it is a bahuvrīhi, “he whose bow is the Gāṇḍīva,” and its last member धनुस् turns into धन्वन् at the end of such a compound by the अनङ् substitute of 5.4.132 धनुषश्च — so the nominative singular is धन्वा, not धनुः. That substitution is optional when the compound is a name (5.4.133 वा संज्ञायाम्), so गाण्डीवधनुः would have been possible too; this text takes the option. The verse never says अर्जुनः; the bow says it.

  • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.50: taddhanuryasya sa gāṇḍīvadhanvārjunaḥ | “vā saṃjñāyām” ityanaṅādeśaḥ

• a-stem masculine, तृतीया बहुवचन instrumental plural

  धारापातैः

  printed धारापातैस्त्वमिव

  पात

  fallings — the noun from √पत्, and the plural counts the bursts of a shower the way the plural of शत counts flights of arrows. It is the instrumental of the comparison rather than of the main clause: this is what the cloud rains with, in the half-line that says what Arjuna was like

  grammar of धारापातैः

• pronoun, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

  त्वम्

  printed धारापातैस्त्वमिव

  त्वद्

  you — the cloud, put into the middle of a battle it was not at. The comparison is the point of the detour: the field is worth visiting because what happened there is the sort of thing the cloud does. Arjuna rained arrows on faces as the cloud rains on lotuses

  grammar of त्वम्

• अव्यय

  इव

  printed धारापातैस्त्वमिव

  इव

  as — and here it is the plain comparative इव, with two things set side by side and the shared action named twice. Mallinātha names no figure for the stanza, which is what makes the point he argued one verse back: at 1.48 the same word marked a fancy, and he named it; here it marks a comparison, and he says nothing. The word does not decide

  grammar of इव

• a-stem neuter, द्वितीया बहुवचन accusative plural

  कमलानि

  printed कमलान्यभ्यवर्षन्मुखानि

  कमल

  lotuses — what the cloud rains on, standing against मुखानि, the faces Arjuna rained on. The two words are the same shape and the same case and stand three syllables apart, so the comparison is made by the grammar before it is made by इव

  grammar of कमलानि

• √वृष्, class 1, लङ्, parasmaipada, third person singular

  अभ्यवर्षत्

  printed कमलान्यभ्यवर्षन्मुखानि

  √वृष्, with अभि

  rained upon — the imperfect, which is the tense for a thing that happened and is over, and the only past tense in the stanza. Its subject is गाण्डीवधन्वा, one man, so the verb is singular; on the page it ends in न् because त् becomes न् before the म् of मुखानि, and DCS reads that न् as a plural ending. The prefix अभि gives the rain a target: not raining but raining *on*

  grammar of अभ्यवर्षत्

• a-stem neuter, द्वितीया बहुवचन accusative plural

  मुखानि

  printed कमलान्यभ्यवर्षन्मुखानि

  मुख

  faces — and Mallinātha will not let the stanza end on a picture: शरवर्षेण शिरांसि चिच्छेद इत्यर्थः, 'meaning, with a rain of arrows he cut off their heads'. The verse says faces and lotuses; the commentary says heads. It is the same word मुख that stood at 1.45 as the mouth of fire, and the difference between a face rained on and a head cut off is the whole distance between what the poem shows and what it is about

  grammar of मुखानि

No figure is named for this verse by the commentary this reading follows, so none is shown.