printलघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी — practise the grammar

मेघदूतम् · कालिदास · 2.4

अलका · no grief there, and no age but youth

आनन्दोत्थं नयनसलिलं यत्र नान्यैर्निमित्तैः

आ
न
न्दो
त्थं
न
य
न
स
लि
लं
य
त्र
ना
न्यै
र्नि
मि
त्तैः

नान्यस्तापः कुसुमशरजादिष्टसंयोगसाध्यात्

ना
न्य
स्ता
पः
कु
सु
म
श
र
जा
दि
ष्ट
सं
यो
ग
सा
ध्यात्

नाप्यन्यस्मात् प्रणयकलहाद्विप्रयोगोपपत्तिः

ना
प्य
न्य
स्मा
त्प्र
ण
य
क
ल
हा
द्वि
प्र
यो
गो
प
प
त्तिः

वित्तेशानां न च खलु वयो यौवनादन्यदस्ति

वि
त्ते
शा
नां
न
च
ख
लु
व
यो
यौ
व
ना
द
न्य
द
स्ति

pāda a

  • आguruits long vowel आ
  • नguruthe conjunct न्द that follows it
  • न्दोguruits long vowel ओ
  • त्थंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • यlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • सlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • यguruthe conjunct त्र that follows it
  • त्रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नाguruits long vowel आ
  • न्यैguruits long vowel ऐ
  • र्निlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मिguruthe conjunct त्त that follows it
  • त्तैःguruthe visarga it carries
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — आनन्दोत्थं
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — नयनसलिलं

pāda b

  • नाguruits long vowel आ
  • न्यguruthe conjunct स्त that follows it
  • स्ताguruits long vowel आ
  • पःguruthe visarga it carries
  • कुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • सुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • शlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • जाguruits long vowel आ
  • दिguruthe conjunct ष्ट that follows it
  • ष्टlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • संguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • योguruits long vowel ओ
  • गlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • साguruits long vowel आ
  • ध्यात्guruthe end of the pāda, which counts the last syllable heavy
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — नान्यस्तापः
  • yati after 10 — it falls inside the compound कुसुमशरजात्

pāda c

  • नाguruits long vowel आ
  • प्यguruthe conjunct न्य that follows it
  • न्यguruthe conjunct स्म that follows it
  • स्माguruits long vowel आ
  • त्प्रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • णlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • यlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • कlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • हाguruits long vowel आ
  • द्विguruthe conjunct प्र that follows it
  • प्रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • योguruits long vowel ओ
  • गोguruits long vowel ओ
  • पlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • पguruthe conjunct त्त that follows it
  • त्तिःguruthe visarga it carries
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — नाप्यन्यस्मात्
  • yati after 10 — it falls inside the compound प्रणयकलहात्

pāda d

  • विguruthe conjunct त्त that follows it
  • त्तेguruits long vowel ए
  • शाguruits long vowel आ
  • नांguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • चlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • खlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • वlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • योguruits long vowel ओ
  • यौguruits long vowel औ
  • वlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नाguruits long vowel आ
  • दguruthe conjunct न्य that follows it
  • न्यlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • दguruthe conjunct स्त that follows it
  • स्तिlaghuits short vowel — light on its own, though the pāda ends here
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — वित्तेशानां
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — वयो

  • आनन्दोत्थम् + नयनसलिलम् → आनन्दोत्थं

    म् + न्

  • नयनसलिलम् + यत्र → नयनसलिलं

    म् + य्

  • न + अन्यैः → नान्यैर्निमित्तैः

    अ + अ → आ

  • अन्यैः + निमित्तैः → नान्यैर्निमित्तैः

    ः + न्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • न + अन्यः → नान्यस्तापः

    अ + अ → आ

  • अन्यः + तापः → नान्यस्तापः

    ः + त्

  • कुसुमशरजात् + इष्टसंयोगसाध्यात् → कुसुमशरजादिष्टसंयोगसाध्यात्

    त् + इ

  • न + अपि → नाप्यन्यस्मात्

    अ + अ → आ

  • अपि + अन्यस्मात् → नाप्यन्यस्मात्

    इ + अ

  • प्रणयकलहात् + विप्रयोगोपपत्तिः → प्रणयकलहाद्विप्रयोगोपपत्तिः

    त् + व्

  • वित्तेशानाम् + न → वित्तेशानां

    म् + न्

  • वयः + यौवनात् → वयो

    ः + य्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • यौवनात् + अन्यत् → यौवनादन्यदस्ति

    त् + अ

  • अन्यत् + अस्ति → यौवनादन्यदस्ति

    त् + अ

  • आनन्द + उत्थ → आनन्दोत्थम्

    अ + उ → ओ · falls inside the syllable न्दो

  • नयन + सलिल → नयनसलिलम्

    अ + स्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • कुसुम + शर → कुसुमशरजात्

    अ + श्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • शर + ज → कुसुमशरजात्

    अ + ज्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • इष्ट + संयोग → इष्टसंयोगसाध्यात्

    अ + स्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • संयोग + साध्य → इष्टसंयोगसाध्यात्

    अ + स्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • प्रणय + कलह → प्रणयकलहात्

    अ + क्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • विप्रयोग + उपपत्ति → विप्रयोगोपपत्तिः

    अ + उ → ओ · falls inside the syllable गो

  • वित्त + ईश → वित्तेशानाम्

    अ + ई → ए · falls inside the syllable त्ते

Three internal vowel-fusions give guṇa by Pāṇini 6.1.87 आद्गुणः: आनन्द + उत्थ → आनन्दोत्थ, विप्रयोग + उपपत्ति → विप्रयोगोपपत्ति, and वित्त + ईश → वित्तेश. Four times the negative न meets a vowel and its अ lengthens to आ with the following अ by 6.1.101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः: नान्यैः, नान्यः, नापि, नान्यस्मात्. And where an ablative in -आत् meets a following vowel the त् voices to द् by 8.2.39 झलां जशोऽन्ते: कुसुमशरजादिष्टसंयोगसाध्यात्, प्रणयकलहाद्विप्रयोगोपपत्तिः, यौवनादन्यत्.

  • Chinnaya Sūri, Bālavyākaraṇam — సంధిపరిచ్ఛేదము; vendor/balavyakaranam-sandhi.txt

  • नयनसलिलम् प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

    with आनन्दोत्थम्

  • अन्यैः तृतीया · instrumental — करण, the instrument or cause

  • निमित्तैः तृतीया · instrumental — करण, the instrument or cause

  • अन्यः प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • तापः प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

    with कुसुमशरजात्

  • अन्यस्मात् पञ्चमी · ablative — अपादान, the point of departure

  • प्रणयकलहात् पञ्चमी · ablative — अपादान, the point of departure

  • विप्रयोगोपपत्तिः प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • वित्तेशानाम् षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word

  • वयः प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • यौवनात् पञ्चमी · ablative — अपादान, the point of departure

  • अन्यत् प्रथमा · nominative — the neuter nominative of अन्य, spelled अन्यत् and not अन्यम्

    अन्य is a pronoun (a सर्वनाम), and its neuter nominative-accusative singular is not अन्यम् — the ending an ordinary a-stem would take — but अन्यत्. Two rules make the -त्: Pāṇini 7.1.25 अद्ड्डतरादिभ्यः पञ्चभ्यः replaces the सु/अम् of five pronouns (डतर, डतम, अन्य, अन्यतर, इतर) in the neuter by अद्ड्, an affix marked ड्, and Pāṇini 6.4.143 टेः then drops the stem's final अ before that ड्-marked affix. So अन्य + अत् gives अन्यत्. It is the one word in the stanza whose ending advertises that अन्य is a pronoun.

    • Aṣṭādhyāyī — 7.1.25 अद्ड्डतरादिभ्यः पञ्चभ्यः; 6.4.143 टेः

प्रकरण 1 · हलन्त्यम्

प्रकरण 2 · इको यणचि

प्रकरण 3 · स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः

प्रकरण 4 · वा शरि

  • ससजुषो रुः 8.2.66← अन्यैः; निमित्तैः; अन्यः; तापः; विप्रयोगोपपत्तिः; वयः

प्रकरण 5 · अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्

प्रकरण 7 · अतोऽम्

प्रकरण 12 · लः कर्मणि च भावे चाकर्मकेभ्यः

प्रकरण 13 · अदिप्रभृतिभ्यः शपः

प्रकरण 33 · धातोः

प्रकरण 59 · इवे प्रतिकृतौ

not in the abridgement

आनन्दोत्थम्

आनन्द · उत्थ

  1. आनन्दात् उत्थम्

    तत्पुरुष (ablative) — risen out of joy

तत्पुरुष — it agrees with नयनसलिलम्. risen out of joy — Mallinātha rewrites it with a different suffix, आनन्दजन्यम्, 'joy-born', which says the same relation the other way round: उत्थ is from उद् + √स्था, what stands up out of something, and जन्य is what is produced by it. **He puts एव after his gloss** — आनन्दजन्यमेव, 'joy-born and nothing else' — which is the word the whole stanza turns on and which the verse itself never writes. Everything here is said by denying the alternatives

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses आनन्दोत्थम् with आनन्दजन्यमेव“ānandotthamānandajanyameva nayanasalilam”

नयनसलिलम्

नयन · सलिल

  1. नयनयोः सलिलम्

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the water of the eyes

तत्पुरुष. the water of the eyes — Sanskrit's ordinary way of saying tears, and a colder one than the English word: नयन is 'the leader', the eye as what takes you somewhere, and सलिल is plain water, the same word that was Mānasa's at 1.64 and the cloud's at 1.65. Mallinātha carries the compound over without resolving it, which he does with the transparent ones

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who carries नयनसलिलम् over unresolved; the vigraha is the reader's“ānandajanyameva nayanasalilam”

कुसुमशरजात्

कुसुम · शर · ज

  1. कुसुमम् एव शरः

    कर्मधारय — the arrow that is a flower

  2. कुसुमशरात् जातः

    तत्पुरुष (ablative) — born of the flower-arrow

तत्पुरुष — it agrees with तापः. born of the flower-arrow — Mallinātha glosses it मदनशरजात्, 'born of Madana's arrow', swapping कुसुम for मदन and so telling the reader two things at once: that the flower is the arrow rather than the archer, and whose arrow it is. Kāma shoots five flowers and nothing else, which is why 'flower-arrow' needs no name attached to it. The last member ज is √जन् at the end of a compound, the same syllable that stood in त्वदुपगमजम् at 2.2

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses कुसुमशरजात् with मदनशरजात्“kusumaśarajānmadanaśarajādanyastāpo nāsti”

इष्टसंयोगसाध्यात्

इष्ट · संयोग · साध्य

  1. इष्टस्य संयोगः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — union with the one wanted

  2. इष्टसंयोगेन साध्यः

    तत्पुरुष (instrumental) — to be settled by that union

तत्पुरुष — it agrees with कुसुमशरजात्. curable by getting what one wants — glossed इष्टसंयोगेन प्रियजनसमागमेन साध्यात् निर्वर्तनीयात्: 'to be brought off by union with the desired one, that is, by meeting the person one loves'. **Then he says what the epithet is there to exclude**: न त्वप्रतीकार्यात्, 'not one that admits of no remedy'. So the yakṣas do suffer, and the whole force of the line is that their suffering has a cure in it. This is the stanza's one soft place, and the poem is about a yakṣa for whom that cure is a year away

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses इष्टसंयोग with प्रियजनसमागम and साध्य with निर्वर्तनीय, and adds न त्वप्रतीकार्यात्“iṣṭasaṃyogena priyajanasamāgamena sādhyānnirvartanīyāt | na tvapratīkāryādityarthaḥ”

प्रणयकलहात्

प्रणय · कलह

  1. प्रणयस्य कलहः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the quarrel that belongs to love

तत्पुरुष. a lovers' quarrel — प्रणय is affection and the confidence that comes with it, and कलह is a squabble; the compound is the technical name in Sanskrit poetics for the falling-out that is part of love rather than the end of it. Mallinātha does not resolve it, which is his way of saying the word is a term and not a construction. It is the one cause of separation Alakā permits, and it is a cause that undoes itself

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who carries प्रणयकलहात् over unresolved; the vigraha is the reader's“praṇayakalahādanyasmātkāraṇādviprayogopapattirvirahaprāptirapi nāsti”

विप्रयोगोपपत्तिः

विप्रयोग · उपपत्ति

  1. विप्रयोगस्य उपपत्तिः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the coming-about of separation

तत्पुरुष. any separation coming about — Mallinātha glosses it with a compound of the same shape and both members changed, विरहप्राप्तिः: विरह for विप्रयोग and प्राप्ति for उपपत्ति. उपपत्ति is a thing's coming to be the case, its turning out so — a word used in argument for what follows from a premise — and the line uses it for a separation that has to have a cause

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses विप्रयोगोपपत्तिः with विरहप्राप्तिः. `vendor/meghaduta-sanjivini.itx` prints the stanza's own word as `diprayogopapatti`, and the gloss is what restores the वि“viprayogopapattirvirahaprāptirapi nāsti”

वित्तेशानाम्

वित्त · ईश

  1. वित्तस्य ईशाः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — lords of wealth

तत्पुरुष. of the lords of wealth — and Mallinātha's gloss is one word, यक्षाणाम्. **The title belongs to Kubera and the verse gives it to his people in the plural**, which is what the Śabdārṇava he cites licenses: वित्ताधिपः कुबेरः स्यात्प्रभौ धनिकयक्षयोः — the word is Kubera, and a master, and a rich man, and a yakṣa. So the citation is doing work: without it the line would be about one god and not about a city of them. This is the first time in the Uttaramegha that the inhabitants are named

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses वित्तेशानाम् with यक्षाणाम् and cites the Śabdārṇava for the range of the word“yatrālakāyāṃ vitteśānāṃ yakṣāṇām || “vittādhipaḥ kuberaḥ syātprabhau dhanikayakṣayoḥ” iti śabdārṇave”

  • a-stem neuter, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    आनन्दोत्थम्

    printed आनन्दोत्थं

    उत्थ, from उद् + √स्था

    risen from — उत्थ is what stands up out of a thing, उद् plus √स्था with the स् dropped, and it lives only at the end of compounds. The verse opens on it, so the first word of the stanza is the cause of the tears and the second is the tears

  • a-stem neuter, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    नयनसलिलम्

    printed नयनसलिलं

    सलिल

    tears — the subject of the first of four clauses, and the only one of the four whose subject is a thing rather than an absence. सलिल is the word for water that has no source in it: not a river, not rain, just water, which is why it does for tears

  • अव्यय

    यत्र

    यत्र

    where — the fourth stanza running to hang on it, and the fourth time Mallinātha answers it with यत्रालकायाम्. The city has now been described for four stanzas without once being the subject of a sentence

  • अव्यय

    न

    printed नान्यैर्निमित्तैः

    न

    not — the first of four, one to a clause. **The stanza is built the way 2.3 was and inverted**: there नित्य stood four times and said 'always'; here न stands four times and says 'never anything else'. Mallinātha writes the negation out each time as a finite verb, नास्ति, which the verse only gives once and at the very end

  • ḍatarādi neuter, तृतीया बहुवचन instrumental plural

    अन्यैः

    printed नान्यैर्निमित्तैः

    अन्य

    by other — the first of four अन्य, and this is the stanza's real trick: **the same pronoun stands once in each pāda, in a different case each time** — instrumental plural here, nominative singular in the second, ablative singular in the third, nominative singular neuter in the fourth. Four denials, four cases, one word. The three that are not instrumentals are ablatives or agree with one, because अन्य takes the ablative for the thing it is other than — Pāṇini 2.3.29, which names अन्य first in its list

  • a-stem neuter, तृतीया बहुवचन instrumental plural

    निमित्तैः

    printed नान्यैर्निमित्तैः

    निमित्त

    causes — निमित्त is the occasion of a thing, what it happens on account of; the word is used of an omen and of a legal ground as readily as of a cause. Mallinātha fills the blank in it: शोकादिभिः, 'grief and the rest'. The plural matters — there is one cause of tears here and any number elsewhere

  • अव्यय

    न

    printed नान्यस्तापः

    न

    not — the second of four, and this one has to reach across a pāda and a half to the अस्ति at the end of the stanza. Mallinātha shortens the reach by writing नास्ति himself, four times, once per clause

  • ḍatarādi masculine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    अन्यः

    printed नान्यस्तापः

    अन्य

    other — the second of the four, now a nominative agreeing with तापः, with the two ablatives after it saying what it is other than. The word stood in the same case and the same sense at 1.8, where the cloud was told that the fire of separation is not like other fires

    The stanza is 2.3 turned inside out. There नित्य stood once in each pāda and said 'always'; here न stands once in each pāda and says 'never anything else', and the pronoun अन्य stands with it four times in four different cases — instrumental अन्यैः, nominative अन्यः, ablative अन्यस्मात्, and the neuter nominative अन्यत् that only a pronoun spells so. Three of the four denials are carried by ablatives, because अन्य takes the ablative for the thing it is other than. Mallinātha adds the words the verse leaves out — शोकादिभिः, 'grief and the rest', for the causes of tears the city does not have, and कारणात् for the cause of parting.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.4: nānyair nimittaiḥ śokādibhiḥ … anyasmāt kāraṇāt

  • a-stem masculine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    तापः

    printed नान्यस्तापः

    ताप

    torment — from √तप्, to burn, so heat and the burning of the mind in one word, which is what makes it the right noun for what Kāma's arrows do. The corpus reads it as a nominative, the subject of the नास्ति that has to be understood; the tagged corpus reads तापम्, an accusative, and there is no verb in the stanza that could take one

    The one torment the city admits is the one that keeps the stanza from being a boast. There is no तापः, no fever, other than the one कुसुमशरजात्, 'born of the flower-arrow' — desire — and Mallinātha adds of that one the sentence that matters: इष्टसंयोगसाध्यात्, 'curable by union with the one you want', न त्वप्रतीकार्यात्, 'not one that admits of no remedy'. The yakṣas suffer, and their suffering has a cure in it. But the poem is the story of a yakṣa for whom none of this holds: he is parted from his wife by a curse, which is not a lovers' quarrel, and his cure is a year away. What the verse says of the city, it says over his head.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.4: iṣṭasaṃyogasādhyāt na tv apratīkāryāt

  • a-stem masculine, पञ्चमी एकवचन ablative singular

    कुसुमशरजात्

    printed कुसुमशरजादिष्टसंयोगसाध्यात्

    ज, from √जन्

    than the one born of the flower-arrow — the ablative is the case अन्य takes for what a thing is other than, and here it carries a whole clause's worth of meaning: the yakṣas are burned, but only by desire. The final त् of जात् has become द् before the vowel of इष्ट and the two words print as one run

  • √साध् + ण्यत्, पञ्चमी एकवचन ablative singular

    इष्टसंयोगसाध्यात्

    printed कुसुमशरजादिष्टसंयोगसाध्यात्

    साध्य, from √साध्

    to be brought off — a kṛtya, the verbal adjective that means 'to be X-ed', from √साध्, to accomplish. Mallinātha glosses it with another kṛtya, निर्वर्तनीयम्, which has the same force with a different suffix. साध्य is also the technical word for what an argument has yet to prove, and both senses are 'not settled yet, but settleable'

  • अव्यय

    न

    printed नाप्यन्यस्मात्

    न

    not — the third of four, and the only one with अपि beside it. The अ of अपि has gone into it and the page prints नापि as one syllable-run with what follows

  • अव्यय

    अपि

    printed नाप्यन्यस्मात्

    अपि

    either — it adds this denial to the two before it, and Mallinātha keeps it exactly where it is in his gloss, अपि नास्ति. The इ has become य् before the vowel of अन्यस्मात् and the three words print as one

  • ḍatarādi masculine, पञ्चमी एकवचन ablative singular

    अन्यस्मात्

    printed नाप्यन्यस्मात्

    अन्य

    than another — the third of the four, and the one where the pronoun endings show: an ordinary a-stem makes its ablative singular in -आत् and a pronoun makes it in -स्मात्, so अन्यस्मात् and not अन्यात्. Mallinātha supplies the noun it goes with, कारणात्, 'than another cause', which the verse leaves for the reader to hear out of निमित्तैः two lines up

  • a-stem masculine, पञ्चमी एकवचन ablative singular

    प्रणयकलहात्

    printed प्रणयकलहाद्विप्रयोगोपपत्तिः

    कलह

    than a lovers' quarrel — the ablative अन्यस्मात् points at, and the third of the stanza's three ablatives. The त् has become द् before the व् of विप्रयोग and the two words print as one run

  • i-stem feminine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    विप्रयोगोपपत्तिः

    printed प्रणयकलहाद्विप्रयोगोपपत्तिः

    उपपत्ति

    any coming-about of separation — the subject of the third clause. उपपत्ति is from उप + √पद्, to fall out or come about, and it is the word logic uses for what follows from a premise; the line is saying that separation here has exactly one premise it can follow from. **The whole poem is a separation with no such premise behind it** — the yakṣa is apart from his wife because of a curse, which is a cause this stanza says the city does not have

  • a-stem masculine, षष्ठी बहुवचन genitive plural

    वित्तेशानाम्

    printed वित्तेशानां

    वित्तेश

    of the lords of wealth — a genitive governing every clause in the stanza, and it waits until the last pāda to say whom all four denials are about. Mallinātha puts it second in his prose, straight after यत्र, because nothing in the verse means anything until you know it is the yakṣas being spoken of. वित्त is what has been got, from √विद्, to find

  • अव्यय

    न

    न

    not — the fourth and last, and the only one that has its verb in the same pāda. Mallinātha's gloss of this clause opens with किं च, 'and further', which is how he marks the last item of a list

  • अव्यय

    च

    च

    and — joining the fourth denial to the three before it, exactly as the च at 2.2 joined the sixth flower to the five before it. Both stanzas keep their one conjunction for the last item

  • अव्यय

    खलु

    खलु

    indeed — a particle of emphasis and of things everybody knows; with a negation it hardens it. It is the only word in the stanza doing nothing but insisting, and it stands in the last denial, the one about age

  • as-stem neuter, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    वयः

    printed वयो

    वयस्

    an age of life — वयस् is a stage of a life rather than a count of years: childhood, youth, age. Mallinātha fills in which one is being denied, वार्धकम्, old age. The visarga has become ओ before the य् of यौवनात् and the page prints वयो

  • a-stem neuter, पञ्चमी एकवचन ablative singular

    यौवनात्

    printed यौवनादन्यदस्ति

    यौवन

    than youth — यौवन is युवन्, a young man, turned into the abstract by lengthening the first vowel, which is Sanskrit's commonest way of making the name of a state out of the name of who is in it. The last of the stanza's four ablatives, and the flattest: no torment but desire, no parting but a quarrel, no age but this

  • ḍatarādi neuter, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    अन्यत्

    printed यौवनादन्यदस्ति

    अन्य

    other — the fourth and last of them, and the one where the pronoun shows most plainly: an ordinary a-stem neuter would be अन्यम्, and a pronoun makes its nominative and accusative singular neuter in -त्, so अन्यत्. The त् has become द् before the vowel of अस्ति

    The last denial ends on a word whose spelling gives away what kind of word it is. वयः, 'an age of life', is neuter; 'other' agreeing with it is अन्यत्, not अन्यम्. An ordinary a-stem neuter would take -म् (फलम्), but अन्य is a pronoun, and its neuter nominative singular is अन्यत् by two rules working together — Pāṇini 7.1.25 puts अद्ड् (an अत् marked ड्) for the ending, and 6.4.143 drops the stem's final अ before that ड्-marked affix. So the four अन्य of the stanza are not four copies of one form: three decline as an ordinary adjective would, and the fourth, in the neuter, shows the pronoun's own ending.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.4: yauvanād anyad vayaḥ
    • Aṣṭādhyāyī — 7.1.25 अद्ड्डतरादिभ्यः पञ्चभ्यः

  • √अस्, class 2, लट्, parasmaipada, third person singular

    अस्ति

    printed यौवनादन्यदस्ति

    √अस्

    there is — **the last word of the stanza and the only finite verb in three of them.** 2.2 had no verb and Mallinātha supplied अस्ति by a maxim; 2.3 had none and he did not repeat himself; here the word is written, once, and it does duty for all four of this stanza's clauses at once. His gloss turns it into four, नास्ति each time. √अस् is of the second class, the class that conjugates straight onto the root with no vowel between, which is why the forms are so short — अस्ति, स्तः, सन्ति

यत्र · वित्तेशानाम् · आनन्दोत्थम् · नयनसलिलम् · अन्यैः · निमित्तैः · न · इष्टसंयोगसाध्यात् · कुसुमशरजात् · अन्यः · तापः · न · प्रणयकलहात् · अन्यस्मात् · विप्रयोगोपपत्तिः · अपि · न · यौवनात् · अन्यत् · वयः · च · खलु · न · अस्ति

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, whose commentary runs as anvaya. He makes two moves. वित्तेशानाम् comes up from the last pāda to the second place, because until the reader knows the stanza is about yakṣas none of it says anything; and in the second clause he puts इष्टसंयोगसाध्यात् before कुसुमशरजात्, where the verse has them the other way round. Each of the four न he writes out as नास्ति, so the one verb at the end of the verse becomes four in his prose“yatrālakāyāṃ vitteśānāṃ yakṣāṇām … ānandotthamānandajanyameva nayanasalilam | anyairnimittaiḥ śokādibhirna | iṣṭasaṃyogena … sādhyānnirvartanīyāt … kusumaśarajānmadanaśarajādanyastāpo nāsti | praṇayakalahādanyasmātkāraṇādviprayogopapattirvirahaprāptirapi nāsti | kiṃ ca yauvanādanyadvayo vārdhakaṃ nāsti”

the dependency structure

अस्ति · क्रिया — there is; the one finite verb of the stanza, negated in each of four sentences and governing them all

यत्र · अधिकरण — where, यत्रालकायाम्; the relative governing the four sentences

वित्तेशानाम् · षष्ठी — of the lords of wealth, यक्षाणाम्; a genitive standing over the stanza

नयनसलिलम् · उद्देश्य — tears, the water of the eyes; the subject of the first sentence

आनन्दोत्थम् · agreeing with नयनसलिलम् — risen from gladness, आनन्दात् उत्थितम्; the only cause the city's tears have

न · निषेध — not; the first of the four denials, one to a pāda

निमित्तैः · हेतु — from causes, शोकादिभिः; the grief and the rest that Alakā's tears do not come from

अन्यैः · agreeing with निमित्तैः — other; the instrumental of अन्य, the pronoun this stanza turns on

तापः · उद्देश्य — torment, the fever of love; the subject of the second sentence

अन्यः · agreeing with तापः — other; the nominative of अन्य

न · निषेध — not; the second denial

कुसुमशरजात् · अपादान — than the one born of the flower-arrow, कुसुमशरात् जातात्; अन्य takes the ablative for the thing it is other than

इष्टसंयोगसाध्यात् · agreeing with कुसुमशरजात् — to be brought off by union with the desired, इष्टसंयोगेन साध्यात्; and so not one that admits of no remedy

विप्रयोगोपपत्तिः · उद्देश्य — any coming-about of separation, विप्रयोगस्य उपपत्तिः; the subject of the third sentence

अपि · particle — either, नापि; carrying the denial on to a third thing

न · निषेध — not; the third denial

अन्यस्मात् · अपादान — than another cause, अन्यस्मात् कारणात्; the ablative of अन्य again

प्रणयकलहात् · agreeing with अन्यस्मात् — than a lovers' quarrel; the one cause of parting the city admits

वयः · उद्देश्य — an age of life; the subject of the fourth sentence

अन्यत् · agreeing with वयः — other; the neuter nominative, which only a pronoun spells अन्यत्

यौवनात् · अपादान — than youth; the ablative of the thing अन्यत् is other than

च · समुच्चय — and; joining the last denial to the three before

खलु · particle — indeed, खलु; the emphasis on the plainest of the four

न · निषेध — not; the fourth denial, negating अस्ति directly

uncheckedMallinātha’s Sañjīvinī for the anvaya and the reading, which construes the stanza as four denials sharing the one finite verb अस्ति and reads the ablatives as governed by अन्य, and adds the words the verse leaves out; the Telugu drawn from Vedam Venkataraya Sastri’s Āndhra Meghasandeśam. Mallinātha counts neither this stanza nor 2.3, judging the two interpolated.

Where the lords of wealth have water in their eyes from gladness and from no other cause; where there is no torment but the one desire's flower-arrow makes, and that one is curable by getting the person you want; where separation never comes about from anything but a lovers' quarrel; and where, indeed, there is no age other than youth. **The stanza is 2.3 turned inside out.** There नित्य stood once in each pāda and said 'always'; here न stands once in each pāda and says 'never anything else', and the pronoun अन्य stands with it four times in four different cases — instrumental, nominative, ablative, and the neuter nominative that only a pronoun spells अन्यत्. Three of the four denials are carried by ablatives, because अन्य takes the ablative for the thing it is other than. Mallinātha's gloss adds the words the verse leaves out: शोकादिभिः, 'grief and the rest', for the causes of tears that Alakā does not have; कारणात् for the cause of parting; वार्धकम् for the age nobody reaches. And on the one torment the city does admit he adds the sentence that keeps the stanza from being merely a boast — न त्वप्रतीकार्यात्, 'not one that admits of no remedy'. The yakṣas suffer, and their suffering has a cure in it. **The poem is the story of a yakṣa for whom none of this holds**: he is parted from his wife by a curse, which is not a lovers' quarrel, and the cure is a year away. What the verse says of the city, it says over his head. He names no figure. And after commenting on this stanza Mallinātha writes four words that stand outside it — श्लोकद्वयं प्रक्षिप्तम्, 'the two stanzas are interpolated' — of this verse and 2.3, both of which he prints without a number and neither of which he counts: his own numbering resumes with ॥ ३ ॥ at the verse this text calls 2.5.

uncheckedthe reader's reading, following Mallinātha's gloss; the supplied शोकादिभिः, कारणात् and वार्धकम्, the reading of कुसुमशर as मदनशर, the note न त्वप्रतीकार्यात् and the judgement श्लोकद्वयं प्रक्षिप्तम् are his; Pāṇini 2.3.29 from skt-mcp“na tvapratīkāryādityarthaḥ … kiṃ ca yauvanādanyadvayo vārdhakaṃ nāsti || ślokadvayaṃ prakṣiptam”

Where the lords of wealth have water in their eyes from gladness and from no other cause; where there is no torment but the one desire's flower-arrow makes, and that one curable by getting the person you want; where separation never comes about from anything but a lovers' quarrel; and where, indeed, there is no age other than youth. Four denials, one to a pāda, and after each an अन्य in its case. Mallinātha comments on this stanza in full and then writes four words that stand outside it — श्लोकद्वयं प्रक्षिप्तम्, 'the two stanzas are interpolated' — of this verse and 2.3, both of which he prints without a number; his own numbering resumes with ॥ ३ ॥ at the verse this text calls 2.5.

  • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.4, whole-verse gloss; ślokadvayaṃ prakṣiptam

No figure is named for this verse by the commentary this reading follows, so none is shown.