मेघदूतम् · कालिदास · 2.45

संदेश · the picture blotted before it is finished

त्वामालिख्य प्रणयकुपितां धातुरागैः शिलायां

त्वा
मा
लि
ख्य
प्र
ण
य
कु
पि
तां
धा
तु
रा
गैः
शि
ला
यां

आत्मानं ते चरणपतितं यावदिच्छामि कर्तुम्

आ
त्मा
नं
ते
च
र
ण
प
ति
तं
या
व
दि
च्छा
मि
क
र्तुम्

अस्रैस्तावन्मुहुरुपचितैर्दृष्टिरालुप्यते मे

अ
स्रै
स्ता
व
न्मु
हु
रु
प
चि
तै
र्दृ
ष्टि
रा
लु
प्य
ते
मे

क्रूरस्तस्मिन्नपि न सहते सङ्गमं नौ कृतान्तः

क्रू
र
स्त
स्मि
न्न
पि
न
स
ह
ते
स
ङ्ग
मं
नौ
कृ
ता
न्तः

pāda a

  • त्वाguruits long vowel आ
  • माguruits long vowel आ
  • लिguruthe conjunct ख्य that follows it
  • ख्यguruthe conjunct प्र that follows it
  • प्रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • णlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • यlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • कुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • पिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तांguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • धाguruits long vowel आ
  • तुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • राguruits long vowel आ
  • गैःguruthe visarga it carries
  • शिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लाguruits long vowel आ
  • यांguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — त्वामालिख्य
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — प्रणयकुपितां

pāda b

  • आguruits long vowel आ
  • त्माguruits long vowel आ
  • नंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • तेguruits long vowel ए
  • चlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • णlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • पlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • याguruits long vowel आ
  • वlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • दिguruthe conjunct च्छ that follows it
  • च्छाguruits long vowel आ
  • मिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • कguruthe conjunct र्त that follows it
  • र्तुम्guruthe end of the pāda, which counts the last syllable heavy
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — ते
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — चरणपतितं

pāda c

  • अguruthe conjunct स्र that follows it
  • स्रैguruits long vowel ऐ
  • स्ताguruits long vowel आ
  • वguruthe conjunct न्म that follows it
  • न्मुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • हुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • पlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • चिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तैguruits long vowel ऐ
  • र्दृguruthe conjunct ष्ट that follows it
  • ष्टिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • राguruits long vowel आ
  • लुguruthe conjunct प्य that follows it
  • प्यlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तेguruits long vowel ए
  • मेguruits long vowel ए
  • yati after 4 — it falls inside तावत्
  • yati after 10 — it falls inside उपचितैः

pāda d

  • क्रूguruits long vowel ऊ
  • रguruthe conjunct स्त that follows it
  • स्तguruthe conjunct स्म that follows it
  • स्मिguruthe conjunct न्न that follows it
  • न्नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • पिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • सlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • हlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तेguruits long vowel ए
  • सguruthe conjunct ङ्ग that follows it
  • ङ्गlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • नौguruits long vowel औ
  • कृlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • ताguruits long vowel आ
  • न्तःguruthe visarga it carries
  • yati after 4 — it falls inside तस्मिन्
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — सहते
  • त्वाम् + आलिख्य → त्वामालिख्य

    म् + आ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • प्रणयकुपिताम् + धातुरागैः → प्रणयकुपितां

    म् + ध्

  • शिलायाम् + आत्मानम् → शिलायां

    म् + आ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • आत्मानम् + ते → आत्मानं

    म् + त्

  • चरणपतितम् + यावत् → चरणपतितं

    म् + य्

  • यावत् + इच्छामि → यावदिच्छामि

    त् + इ

  • अस्रैः + तावत् → अस्रैस्तावन्मुहुरुपचितैर्दृष्टिरालुप्यते

    ः + त्

  • तावत् + मुहुः → अस्रैस्तावन्मुहुरुपचितैर्दृष्टिरालुप्यते

    त् + म्

  • मुहुः + उपचितैः → अस्रैस्तावन्मुहुरुपचितैर्दृष्टिरालुप्यते

    ः + उ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • उपचितैः + दृष्टिः → अस्रैस्तावन्मुहुरुपचितैर्दृष्टिरालुप्यते

    ः + द्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • दृष्टिः + आलुप्यते → अस्रैस्तावन्मुहुरुपचितैर्दृष्टिरालुप्यते

    ः + आ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • क्रूरः + तस्मिन् → क्रूरस्तस्मिन्नपि

    ः + त्

  • तस्मिन् + अपि → क्रूरस्तस्मिन्नपि

    न् + अ

  • सङ्गमम् + नौ → सङ्गमं

    म् + न्

  • प्रणय + कुपित → प्रणयकुपिताम्

    अ + क्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • धातु + राग → धातुरागैः

    उ + र्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • चरण + पतित → चरणपतितम्

    अ + प्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

यावत् + इच्छामि makes यावदिच्छामि, the final त् voiced to द् before a vowel by Pāṇini 8.2.39 झलां जशोऽन्ते. A word-final visarga becomes स् before a voiceless त् by 8.3.34 विसर्जनीयस्य सः — अस्रैस्तावत्, क्रूरस्तस्मिन् — and becomes र् (through रु by 8.2.66 ससजुषो रुः) before a vowel or a voiced sound, मुहुरुपचितैः, उपचितैर्दृष्टिः, दृष्टिरालुप्यते. तावत् + मुहुः makes तावन्मुहुः, the त् turned to the nasal न् before म् by 8.4.45 यरोऽनुनासिकेऽनुनासिको वा; तस्मिन् + अपि doubles the न् to तस्मिन्नपि by 8.3.32 ङमो ह्रस्वादचि ङमुण्नित्यम्. A word-final म् becomes anusvāra before a consonant by 8.3.23 मोऽनुस्वारः — प्रणयकुपितां धातु, आत्मानं ते, चरणपतितं यावत्, सङ्गमं नौ — and is kept before a vowel, त्वामालिख्य, शिलायामात्मानम्.

  • Chinnaya Sūri, Bālavyākaraṇam — సంధిపరిచ్ఛేదము; vendor/balavyakaranam-sandhi.txt
  • त्वाम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

    with प्रणयकुपिताम्

  • धातुरागैः तृतीया · instrumental — करण, the instrument or cause

  • शिलायाम् सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location

  • आत्मानम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

    with चरणपतितम्

  • ते षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word

  • अस्रैः तृतीया · instrumental — करण, the instrument or cause

    with उपचितैः

  • दृष्टिः प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • मे षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word

  • क्रूरः प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • तस्मिन् सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location

  • सङ्गमम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

  • नौ षष्ठी · genitive — the dual enclitic of अस्मद्, on the dual stem आव

    नौ, of us two, is the genitive dual of अस्मद्. In the dual, युष्मद् and अस्मद् take the substitute stems युव and आव by Pāṇini 7.2.92 युवावौ द्विवचने, so अस्मद् becomes आव- (आवयोः, the full genitive dual Mallinātha glosses); and for the genitive, dative and accusative dual the short enclitic नौ stands in, which Mallinātha marks with the नावादेश rule he names in his own words. It is the dual that matters more than the case: the poem has spent a canto keeping the two of them apart in separate pronouns, and here one word holds both — inside the very sentence that says they will not be held together.

    • Aṣṭādhyāyī — 7.2.92 युवावौ द्विवचने
    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.45: nāv āvayoḥ … iti nāvādeśaḥ
  • कृतान्तः प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

प्रकरण 1 · हलन्त्यम्

  • हलन्त्यम् 1.3.3← आलिख्य; प्रणयकुपिताम्; चरणपतितम्; इच्छामि; कर्तुम्; उपचितैः; आलुप्यते; सहते
  • तस्य लोपः 1.3.9← आलिख्य; प्रणयकुपिताम्; धातुरागैः; चरणपतितम्; इच्छामि; कर्तुम्; उपचितैः; आलुप्यते; क्रूरः; सहते; कृतान्तः
  • सुप्तिङन्तं पदम् 1.4.14← आलिख्य; प्रणयकुपिताम्; चरणपतितम्; इच्छामि; उपचितैः; आलुप्यते; सहते

प्रकरण 2 · इको यणचि

प्रकरण 3 · स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः

प्रकरण 4 · वा शरि

  • ससजुषो रुः 8.2.66← धातुरागैः; अस्रैः; उपचितैः; दृष्टिः; क्रूरः; नौ; कृतान्तः

प्रकरण 5 · अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्

प्रकरण 6 · औङ आपः

प्रकरण 11 · स्वरादिनिपातमव्ययम्

प्रकरण 12 · लः कर्मणि च भावे चाकर्मकेभ्यः

प्रकरण 17 · तुदादिभ्यः शः

प्रकरण 30 · भावकर्मणोः

प्रकरण 34 · ण्वुल्तृचौ

प्रकरण 36 · तुमुन्ण्वुलौ क्रियायां क्रियार्थायाम्

प्रकरण 48 · शेषे

प्रकरण 59 · इवे प्रतिकृतौ

प्रकरण 60 · स्त्रियाम्

not in the abridgement

प्रणयकुपिताम्

प्रणय · कुपित

  1. प्रणयेन कुपिता, ताम्

    तत्पुरुष (instrumental) — angry out of love

तत्पुरुष — it agrees with त्वाम्. sulking, and out of love — **the compound says the anger's cause and so takes its sting out.** Mallinātha glosses प्रणयेन प्रेमातिशयेन कुपिताम्, angry from an excess of affection, and then कुपितावस्थायुक्ताम्, *in the state of being angry* — a state she is in rather than a thing she is. What he draws is not her but a mood of hers, and he picks the one where she is turned away

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses प्रणयेन प्रेमातिशयेन कुपितां कुपितावस्थायुक्तां त्वाम्; DCS gives the members as प्रणय and कुप्, marking the second a participle“praṇayena premātiśayena kupitāṃ kupitāvasthāyuktāṃ tvām | tvatpratikṛtim ityarthaḥ”

धातुरागैः

धातु · राग

  1. धातवः एव रागाः, तैः

    कर्मधारय — the minerals that are the colours

कर्मधारय. in mineral colours — **and Mallinātha's त एव is what makes it a karmadhāraya and not a genitive**: धातवो गैरिकादयः । त एव रागाः, *the minerals are red ochre and the rest; those very things are the colours*. So it is not *the colours of minerals* but *the minerals, which are the colours*. He puts a lexicon behind each member — Yādava for धातु and the Śabdārṇava for राग — and the second of those lines is a list of six senses of which he takes one, रञ्जकद्रव्ये, a colouring substance

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses धातवो गैरिकादयः, quotes “धातुर्वातादिशब्दादिगैरिकादिष्वजादिषु” इति यादवः, and then त एव रागा रञ्जकद्रव्याणि with “चित्रादिरञ्जकद्रव्ये लाक्षादौ प्रणयेच्छयोः । सारङ्गादौ च रागः स्यादारुण्ये रञ्जने पुमान्” इति शब्दार्णवे; DCS gives the members as धातु and राग“dhātavo gairikādayaḥ … ta eva rāgā rañjakadravyāṇi … tair dhāturāgaiḥ”

चरणपतितम्

चरण · पतित

  1. चरणयोः पतितम्

    तत्पुरुष (locative) — fallen at the feet

तत्पुरुष — it agrees with आत्मानम्. fallen at your feet — the posture of apology, and the second half of the picture: she angry in the first pāda, he at her feet in the second. Mallinātha does not unpack the compound; what he does add is the verb it needs — चरणपतितं कर्तुं **तथा लेखितुम्**, *to make him so, that is, to draw him so* — because nobody is falling at anybody's feet outside the painting

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who writes चरणपतितं कर्तुं तथा लेखितुं यावदिच्छामि and does not unpack the compound; DCS gives the members as चरण and पत्, marking the second a participle“caraṇapatitaṃ kartuṃ tathā lekhituṃ yāvad icchāmi”

  • pronoun, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    त्वाम्

    printed त्वामालिख्य

    युष्मद्

    you — **and Mallinātha will not let the pronoun mean her.** त्वत्प्रतिकृतिमित्यर्थः: *meaning, your likeness*. The verse says *having drawn you*; the gloss says *having drawn a picture of you*, and the same correction comes a line later for आत्मानम्. The whole stanza depends on the two accusatives being images and not people, and Kālidāsa writes them as though they were people

    Both accusatives are pictures, and the verse writes them as people. त्वाम्, you, and आत्मानम्, myself — Mallinātha corrects each in the same three words: त्वत्प्रतिकृतिमित्यर्थः, meaning your likeness; मत्प्रतिकृतिमित्यर्थः, meaning a likeness of me. He does it a third time for the possessive, ते तव, चित्रगताया इत्यर्थः, of you as you are in the picture. The stanza never once says picture, and by the last pāda the pronoun तस्मिन् points at a thing that has not been named, which he then has to supply — चित्रेऽपि, even in the picture. Kālidāsa draws the two figures as though they were the man and the woman, and the whole grief depends on their being paint.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.45: kupitāṃ tvām | tvatpratikṛtim ityarthaḥ … ātmānaṃ mām | matpratikṛtim ityarthaḥ … te tava | citragatāyā ityarthaḥ
  • √लिख् + ल्यप्

    आलिख्य

    printed त्वामालिख्य

    √लिख् with आ and ल्यप्

    having drawn — an absolutive in ल्यप्, which is what क्त्वा becomes when a preverb stands in front, by Pāṇini 7.1.37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप्. Mallinātha glosses it निर्माय, *having made*, which is a stronger word than drawing. **DCS tags it `pos=vi` and names no affix — the same tag it puts on कर्तुम् three words later**, and `scripts/draft-analysis.ts` writes ल्यप् for both. Here that answer is right and there it is wrong, in one stanza

  • √कुप् + क्त, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    प्रणयकुपिताम्

    printed प्रणयकुपितां

    कुपित, from √कुप् with क्त

    angry — √कुप् is *to be agitated, to boil up*, and the participle is the standing word for a woman in a lovers' quarrel. Mallinātha turns it into a state rather than a quality: कुपितावस्थायुक्ताम्, *possessed of the condition of being angry*, which is what one draws when one draws a mood

  • a-stem masculine, तृतीया बहुवचन instrumental plural

    धातुरागैः

    राग

    with mineral colours — the instrument of the drawing, and both members get a lexicon. **The Śabdārṇava line Mallinātha quotes for राग gives six senses at once** — a colouring stuff as in a painting, lac and the like, affection, wish, a deer and its kin, redness, dyeing — and he takes the first: रञ्जकद्रव्याणि. The rock is the paper and red ochre is the paint

  • ā-stem feminine, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    शिलायाम्

    printed शिलायां

    शिला

    on a rock — Mallinātha makes it a slab, शिलापट्टे, which is flatter and more like a surface to draw on than the word by itself would be. **It is the second consolation of the four he listed at 2.43**, प्रतिकृति, the likeness made by hand, and it needs a wall; a man on a bare hill has stone

  • an-stem masculine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    आत्मानम्

    printed आत्मानं

    आत्मन्

    myself — and again the gloss corrects the noun into a picture: आत्मानं माम् । **मत्प्रतिकृतिमित्यर्थः**, *meaning, a likeness of me*. **The word is the one that broke the generator at 2.41**, where the genitive आत्मनः was one of the nine cells skt-data gets wrong; the accusative singular is one of the fifteen it gets right, so the same stem passes here and failed there

  • pronoun, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular

    ते

    युष्मद्

    your — hanging on the feet in the compound beside it, and Mallinātha glosses it twice over: ते तव, and then **चित्रगताया इत्यर्थः**, *of you as you are in the picture*. The pronoun in the second pāda no longer refers to the same thing the pronoun in the first does — there she was the sitter, here she is the drawing — and nothing in the verse marks the change

  • √पत् + क्त, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    चरणपतितम्

    printed चरणपतितं

    पतित, from √पत् with क्त

    fallen at them — and the participle is active in sense, as क्त is for verbs of motion and state: *having fallen*, not *having been felled*. It is the pose of a man asking to be forgiven, and it is the second thing in the picture — the two figures on the rock are a woman turned away and a man on the ground

  • अव्यय

    यावत्

    printed यावदिच्छामि

    यावत्

    no sooner than — the first half of a यावत् … तावत् pair straddling the third pāda, and Mallinātha tightens it into a phrase: **इच्छासमकालम्**, *at the very moment of the wishing*. Not *while I want to* but *the instant I want to*: there is no interval between the wish and the tears

    There is no interval between wanting and weeping. यावत् … तावत्, no sooner than … that same instant, Mallinātha tightens into one phrase — इच्छासमकालम्, at the very moment of the wish. Not while I want to but the instant I want to. And मुहुः, again and again, makes it a habit rather than a single evening: he has tried this more than once, and every time the tears rise before the hand can move. उपचित is glossed प्रवृद्धैः, swollen — the tears are collecting in the eye, not falling from it, which is the exact account of why a man cannot see through them.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.45: yāvad icchāmi tāvad icchāsamakālam … muhur upacitaiḥ pravṛddhaiḥ
  • √इष्, class 6, लट्, parasmaipada, first person singular

    इच्छामि

    printed यावदिच्छामि

    √इष् of the sixth class

    I want — the first person again, as at 2.44's उत्पश्यामि, and the verb the infinitive beside it hangs on. **The affix on कर्तुम् is licensed by this word in particular**: Pāṇini 3.3.158 समानकर्तृकेषु तुमुन् gives तुमुन् when a verb of wishing is in construction and the two verbs have the same agent, which is exactly इच्छामि कर्तुम्. **The generator cannot form it.** skt-data conjugates √इष् in the sixth class as इषति, इषामि, missing the छ् that 7.3.77 इषुगमियमां छः puts in before a present stem

  • √कृ + तुमुन्

    कर्तुम्

    कर्तुम्, from √कृ with तुमुन्

    to make — and Mallinātha adds the verb the sentence really means: कर्तुं **तथा लेखितुम्**, to make, that is to draw so. **It is the fifth infinitive DCS tags `pos=vi` with no affix named** — after कर्तुम् at 2.21, वक्तुम् at 2.38, उपकर्तुम् at 2.41 and कथयितुम् at 2.43 — and the same tag stands on आलिख्य in this stanza, where the drafting script's one answer happens to be right

  • a-stem neuter, तृतीया बहुवचन instrumental plural

    अस्रैः

    printed अस्रैस्तावन्मुहुरुपचितैर्दृष्टिरालुप्यते

    अस्र

    by tears — and Mallinātha marks the case for what it is: अस्रैरश्रुभिः **कर्तृभिः**, *by tears, as agents*, which is what an instrumental is beside a passive verb. The tears do the blotting; the man does nothing. He quotes Viśva for the noun, अस्रमश्रुणि शोणिते, *अस्र is used of a tear and of blood*. **The same word stood at 2.42 in सास्रेण**, where DCS wrote its ending with the wrong nasal

    The sentence is built so that the man does nothing. अस्रैरश्रुभिः कर्तृभिः, by tears, as agents — Mallinātha marks the instrumental for what it is beside the passive verb आलुप्यते, is blotted out. The tears are the doers; the sight is what is done to; the man is neither. Then he draws the chain in his own voice: ततो दृष्टिप्रतिबन्धनालेखनं प्रतिबध्यत इति भावः, sight being blocked, the drawing is blocked. The one thing he set out to do — put himself at her feet on the rock — is undone by the one thing he cannot help doing.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.45: muhur upacitaiḥ pravṛddhair asrair aśrubhiḥ kartṛbhiḥ … tato dṛṣṭipratibandhanālekhanaṃ pratibadhyata iti bhāvaḥ
  • अव्यय

    तावत्

    printed अस्रैस्तावन्मुहुरुपचितैर्दृष्टिरालुप्यते

    तावत्

    that same instant — the second half of the pair, and it is placed second in its pāda while यावत् was placed fifth in its, so the two halves of the correlative stand almost side by side across the line break. Mallinātha's gloss covers both at once, तावदिच्छासमकालम्

  • अव्यय

    मुहुः

    printed अस्रैस्तावन्मुहुरुपचितैर्दृष्टिरालुप्यते

    मुहुर्

    again and again — and it goes with the participle beside it, not with the verb: the tears swell repeatedly, so the drawing is stopped every time it is started. **That is what makes the stanza a habit rather than an incident**; he has tried this more than once

  • √चि + क्त, तृतीया बहुवचन instrumental plural

    उपचितैः

    printed अस्रैस्तावन्मुहुरुपचितैर्दृष्टिरालुप्यते

    उपचित, from √चि with उप and क्त

    gathering thicker — √चि with उप is *to heap up, to accumulate*, and Mallinātha glosses प्रवृद्धैः, *swollen, grown large*. The tears are not falling; they are collecting in the eye, which is what actually stops a man from seeing. The verse is precise about the mechanism and the gloss keeps it so

  • i-stem feminine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    दृष्टिः

    printed अस्रैस्तावन्मुहुरुपचितैर्दृष्टिरालुप्यते

    दृष्टि

    my sight — the subject of a passive verb, so the thing that suffers. **The noun was in the first pāda of 2.44 too**, in दृष्टिपातम्, where the glance was hers and fell on things; here it is his and is stopped. Two consolations in two stanzas, and both fail through the eyes

  • √लुप्, class 6, लट्, passive, third person singular

    आलुप्यते

    printed अस्रैस्तावन्मुहुरुपचितैर्दृष्टिरालुप्यते

    √लुप् of the sixth class with आ, in the passive

    is blotted out — a passive in य, by Pāṇini 3.1.67 सार्वधातुके यक्. √लुप् is *to break, to tear away*, and Mallinātha softens it to **आव्रियते**, *is covered over*, which is what water in an eye does rather than what tearing does. Then he draws the consequence: ततो दृष्टिप्रतिबन्धनालेखनं प्रतिबध्यत इति भावः — sight being stopped, the drawing is stopped with it

  • pronoun, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular

    मे

    अस्मद्

    my — the short enclitic form of the genitive, which Pāṇini 8.1.22 तेमयावेकवचनस्य substitutes for मम, and which cannot stand at the head of a sentence. **The stanza has two of these enclitics and Mallinātha names the rule for the other one**, नौ, and not for this

  • a-stem masculine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    क्रूरः

    printed क्रूरस्तस्मिन्नपि

    क्रूर

    the cruel one — Mallinātha glosses घातुकः, *murderous*, with Amara for it: नृशंसो घातुकः क्रूरः. The word is the first of the last pāda and the noun it belongs to is the last, so the whole line stands between an adjective and its noun. **It is the second stanza running to call fate an enemy** — 2.42's वैरिणा विधिना is the same thought in the same place, the fourth pāda

  • pronoun, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    तस्मिन्

    printed क्रूरस्तस्मिन्नपि

    तद्

    in that — and the verse has not said what. Mallinātha supplies it in one word: तस्मिन्नपि **चित्रेऽपि**, *even in the picture*. The pronoun points at a thing that was never named, because the stanza has called the drawing त्वाम् and आत्मानम् and never a drawing at all

  • अव्यय

    अपि

    printed क्रूरस्तस्मिन्नपि

    अपि

    even — **and Mallinātha spends his last sentence on this one syllable.** इत्यपिशब्दार्थः, *that is the force of the word अपि*: fate that will not tolerate even the drawing of our meeting — what is there to say about our meeting itself? The particle turns the stanza into an argument from the smaller case to the larger, and the argument is never written out

    The whole stanza is an argument, and Mallinātha puts it in the last syllable he glosses. अपि: सङ्गमलेखनमप्यावयोरसहमानं दैवमावयोः सङ्गं न सहत इति किमु वक्तव्यम् — a fate that will not endure even the drawing of our being together, what is to be said of our being together itself? इत्यपिशब्दार्थः, that is the force of अपि. The argument from the smaller case to the larger is never written out in the verse; the one particle carries it. And नौ, of us two, is the dual — the first word of the message to hold both of them at once, and it stands inside the sentence that says they will not be held.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.45: saṅgamalekhanam apy āvayor asahamānaṃ daivam āvayoḥ saṅgaṃ na sahata iti kimu vaktavyam ity apiśabdārthaḥ
  • अव्यय

    न

    न

    not — the second stanza running to turn on a negative in the last pāda, after 2.44's न ते सादृश्यमस्ति. **Both consolations are granted and then cancelled**, and both cancellations are one syllable long

  • √सह्, class 1, लट्, atmanepada, third person singular

    सहते

    √सह् of the first class

    endures — a middle-voice present, and the root is the one the noun सहवास in Mallinātha's own gloss is built from, so his paraphrase of सङ्गमम् puts the verb's root inside the object. **DCS records no voice** and the drafting script defaults to the active; the root takes the middle only, and skt-data conjugates it that way

  • a-stem masculine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    सङ्गमम्

    printed सङ्गमं

    सङ्गम

    our being together — Mallinātha glosses सहवासम्, *living together*, which is more than a meeting. **The word is what the whole poem is trying to arrange**, and this is the first stanza of the message to name it; that it is named only inside a denial is the shape of the second canto

  • pronoun, षष्ठी द्विवचन genitive dual

    नौ

    अस्मद्

    of us two — **and Mallinātha names the rule that makes it, which he did not do for मे.** “युष्मदस्मदोः षष्ठीचतुर्थीद्वितीयास्थयोर्वां नावौ” इति नावादेशः: the substitute नौ for the genitive, dative and accusative dual of अस्मद्, by Pāṇini 8.1.20. He glosses it आवयोः, the full form. **It is the dual that matters more than the case**: the poem has spent a canto keeping the two of them apart in separate pronouns, and here one word holds both

  • a-stem masculine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    कृतान्तः

    कृतान्त

    Fate — the last word of the stanza, and Mallinātha chooses among its senses with Amara: कृतान्तो यमसिद्धान्तदैवाकुशलकर्मसु — Yama, a settled doctrine, destiny, and an evil deed. He takes दैवम्. **The literal compound is *the end of what was done*,** which is a word for consequence, and the stanza's argument is that the consequence reaches into a picture

प्रिये [supplied] · प्रणयकुपिताम् · त्वाम् · धातुरागैः · शिलायाम् · आलिख्य · आत्मानम् · ते · चरणपतितम् · कर्तुम् · यावत् · इच्छामि · तावत् · मुहुः · उपचितैः · अस्रैः · मे · दृष्टिः · आलुप्यते · क्रूरः · कृतान्तः · तस्मिन् · अपि · नौ · सङ्गमम् · न · सहते

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, whose commentary runs as anvaya. **He opens with a vocative the verse does not have**, हे प्रिये — the only word supplied — where 2.44 had चण्डि written into the text. What he moves is the last pāda: the verse strings क्रूरः तस्मिन् अपि न सहते सङ्गमं नौ कृतान्तः with the adjective at one end and its noun at the other, and he puts कृतान्तः next to क्रूरः and the verb last. He also brings आलिख्य down after the instrumental and the locative it governs, which the verse puts after it“he priye, praṇayena premātiśayena kupitāṃ kupitāvasthāyuktāṃ tvām … tair dhāturāgaiḥ | śilāyāṃ śilāpaṭṭa ālikhya nirmāya ātmānaṃ mām … te tava … caraṇapatitaṃ kartuṃ tathā lekhituṃ yāvad icchāmi tāvad icchāsamakālaṃ muhur upacitaiḥ pravṛddhair asrair aśrubhiḥ kartṛbhiḥ … me dṛṣṭir ālupyate … krūro ghātukaḥ … kṛtānto daivam … tasminn api citre 'pi … nāv āvayoḥ … saṅgamaṃ sahavāsaṃ na sahate”

the dependency structure

इच्छामि · क्रिया — I want, इच्छामि; the first person again, as at 2.44's उत्पश्यामि, and the verb that governs the infinitive कर्तुम्. It stands in a यावत् … तावत् pair — the moment I want (यावत् इच्छामि), that same moment (तावत्) my sight is blotted out — which Mallinātha tightens to इच्छासमकालम्, at the very instant of the wish, so there is no interval between wanting to draw and being unable to see

यावत् · — the moment that, यावत्; the first half of the correlative, glossed with तावत् together as इच्छासमकालम्

कर्तुम् · तुमुन् — to make, कर्तुं तथा लेखितुम्; the infinitive इच्छामि governs, and Mallinātha adds the verb the sentence means — to make, that is to draw, so

आत्मानम् · कर्म — myself, मत्प्रतिकृतिम्; and the gloss corrects the noun into a picture — meaning a likeness of me, since no one is falling at feet outside the painting

चरणपतितम् · agreeing with आत्मानम् — fallen at the feet, चरणयोः पतितम्; the pose of a man asking to be forgiven, active in sense as क्त is for verbs of motion

ते · षष्ठी — at your feet, ते तव, चित्रगतायाः; the feet are the drawing's — the pronoun no longer means the sitter but the woman in the picture

आलिख्य · पूर्वकालक्रिया — having drawn, निर्माय; an absolutive in ल्यप्, which is what क्त्वा becomes when a preverb stands in front

त्वाम् · कर्म — you, त्वत्प्रतिकृतिम्; and again the gloss corrects it — meaning your likeness, so the accusative is an image and not a person

प्रणयकुपिताम् · agreeing with त्वाम् — sulking out of love, प्रणयेन प्रेमातिशयेन कुपिताम्; the compound names the anger's cause and so takes its sting out — a mood she is in rather than a thing she is

शिलायाम् · अधिकरण — on a rock, शिलापट्टे; the slab is the paper — the second consolation of 2.43, the likeness made by hand, needs a wall, and a man on a bare hill has stone

धातुरागैः · करण — with mineral colours, धातवो गैरिकादयः त एव रागाः; red ochre is the paint

आलुप्यते · क्रिया — is blotted out, आव्रियते; the stanza's second finite verb, the तावत् clause, a passive — so the sight is what suffers and the man does nothing. Mallinātha draws the chain, sight being stopped, the drawing is stopped with it

तावत् · — that same instant, तावदिच्छासमकालम्; the second half of the pair, placed almost beside यावत् across the line break

दृष्टिः · कर्ता — my sight, मे दृष्टिः; the subject of a passive verb, so the thing that is blotted out

मे · षष्ठी — my, मे; the short enclitic genitive of अस्मद्, which cannot stand at the head of a sentence

अस्रैः · करण — by tears, अश्रुभिः कर्तृभिः; the tears are named as the agents beside the passive — they do the blotting, the man does nothing

उपचितैः · agreeing with अस्रैः — gathering thicker, प्रवृद्धैः; the tears are collecting in the eye, not falling, which is the accurate account of why he cannot see

मुहुः · — again and again, मुहुः; goes with the participle, so the drawing is stopped every time it is started — a habit, not an incident

सहते · क्रिया — endures, न सहते, does not endure; the stanza's third finite verb, the last-line clause, middle-voice. Its root सह् is the one Mallinātha's own gloss सहवास is built from, so his paraphrase of the object puts the verb's root inside it

न · निषेध — not; the second stanza running to turn on a negative in the last pāda, after 2.44's न ते सादृश्यमस्ति

कृतान्तः · कर्ता — Fate, दैवम्; the last word, literally the end of what was done, a word for consequence — and the argument is that consequence reaches into a picture

क्रूरः · agreeing with कृतान्तः — cruel, घातुकः, murderous; the second stanza running to call fate an enemy, after 2.42's वैरिणा विधिना in the same place

सङ्गमम् · कर्म — our being together, सहवासम्; what the whole poem is trying to arrange, named here for the first time in the message — and named only inside a denial

नौ · षष्ठी — of us two, आवयोः; the dual, which holds both of them in one word inside the sentence that says they will not be held together

तस्मिन् · अधिकरण — in that, चित्रेऽपि; the pronoun points at a thing never named, the picture the stanza has called त्वाम् and आत्मानम् and never a drawing

अपि · — even, इत्यपिशब्दार्थः; the syllable Mallinātha spends his last sentence on — fate that will not tolerate even the drawing of our meeting, what of the meeting itself?

प्रिये · सम्बोधन — my love, हे प्रिये; the vocative Mallinātha supplies, the one word the verse does not carry, where 2.44 had चण्डि written into the text

uncheckedthe reader's reading, following Mallinātha's Sañjīvinī for the anvaya, which supplies one vocative, हे प्रिये; he corrects त्वाम्, आत्मानम् and ते into pictures (त्वत्प्रतिकृतिम्, मत्प्रतिकृतिम्, चित्रगतायाः), glosses शिलापट्टे, निर्माय, कर्तुं तथा लेखितुम्, प्रेमातिशयेन and कुपितावस्थायुक्ताम्, tightens यावत् … तावत् to इच्छासमकालम्, names the tears as agents beside the passive (अश्रुभिः कर्तृभिः), softens आलुप्यते to आव्रियते and draws the chain (सिद्धि blocked with sight), reads क्रूरः कृतान्तः as दैवम् with Amara, glosses सङ्गमम् as सहवासम् and नौ as आवयोः with the नावादेश, and spends his last sentence on अपि; the Telugu drawn from Vedam Venkataraya Sastri's Āndhra Meghasandeśam. The tree roots at इच्छामि, the wish that governs the infinitive कर्तुम्, with the तावत् clause of आलुप्यते and the last-line clause of सहते hung on it as the two further finite verbs. No figure is named.

*The moment I have drawn you on a rock in red earth — you sulking, and out of love — and want to put myself in at your feet, that same moment tears gather thicker and thicker and blot my sight out; cruel Fate will not allow us to be together even there.* **Both accusatives are pictures, and the verse writes them as people.** त्वाम्, *you*; आत्मानम्, *myself* — and Mallinātha corrects each in the same three words: त्वत्प्रतिकृतिमित्यर्थः, meaning your likeness; मत्प्रतिकृतिमित्यर्थः, meaning a likeness of me. He does it a third time for the possessive: ते तव, **चित्रगताया इत्यर्थः**, *of you as you are in the picture*. The stanza never once says *picture*, and by the fourth pāda the pronoun तस्मिन् points at a thing that has not been named, which he has to supply — चित्रेऽपि. **There is no interval between wanting and weeping.** यावत् … तावत् he tightens into **इच्छासमकालम्**, at the very moment of the wish; and मुहुः makes it a habit rather than an incident. The tears are named as agents — अस्रैरश्रुभिः **कर्तृभिः** — beside a passive verb, so nothing in the sentence is something the man does. उपचित is *heaped up*, glossed प्रवृद्धैः: the tears are collecting in the eye, not falling from it, which is the accurate account of why he cannot see. Then he draws the chain: ततो दृष्टिप्रतिबन्धनालेखनं प्रतिबध्यत इति भावः — sight blocked, drawing blocked. **The whole stanza is an argument, and Mallinātha puts it in the last syllable he glosses.** अपि: fate that will not endure even the *drawing* of our being together — what is to be said of our being together? **इत्यपिशब्दार्थः**, that is the force of अपि. The argument from the smaller case to the larger is never written out in the verse; the particle carries it. **And one word is a dual.** नौ, of us two, for which he names the substitution rule — “युष्मदस्मदोः षष्ठीचतुर्थीद्वितीयास्थयोर्वां नावौ” इति नावादेशः, Pāṇini 8.1.20 — and glosses आवयोः. It is the first word of the message to hold both of them at once, and it stands inside the sentence that says they will not be held together. **Four lexicons in one comment**, which is the densest the canto has been: Yādava for धातु, the Śabdārṇava for राग with six senses of which he takes one, Viśva for अस्र — a tear and blood — and Amara twice, for क्रूर as घातुक and for कृतान्त among Yama, doctrine, destiny and an evil deed. He takes दैवम्, so the enemy of 2.42's वैरिणा विधिना is back in the same position, the fourth pāda, under another name. **This is the second of the four consolations he listed at 2.43**, प्रतिकृति, the likeness made by hand. Like the first it is taken up for three pādas and denied in the fourth, and like the first it fails through the eyes. No figure is named.

uncheckedthe reader's reading, following Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī's gloss. His are: हे प्रिये supplied, प्रेमातिशयेन and कुपितावस्थायुक्ताम् for प्रणयकुपिताम्, त्वत्प्रतिकृतिमित्यर्थः and मत्प्रतिकृतिमित्यर्थः and चित्रगताया इत्यर्थः, गैरिकादयः for धातवः with the Yādava line and रञ्जकद्रव्याणि for रागाः with the Śabdārṇava line, शिलापट्टे for शिलायाम्, निर्माय for आलिख्य, तथा लेखितुम् for कर्तुम्, इच्छासमकालम् for यावत् … तावत्, प्रवृद्धैः for उपचितैः and अश्रुभिः कर्तृभिः for अस्रैः with the Viśva line, आव्रियते for आलुप्यते with ततो दृष्टिप्रतिबन्धनालेखनं प्रतिबध्यत इति भावः, घातुकः for क्रूरः and दैवम् for कृतान्तः, both with Amara, चित्रेऽपि for तस्मिन्, आवयोः for नौ with the नावादेश named, सहवासम् for सङ्गमम्, and the closing gloss of अपि. That the picture is never named, that the tears collect rather than fall, that नौ is the message's first dual, and that this consolation fails through the eyes as the last one did, are the reader's; Pāṇini 3.1.67, 3.3.158, 7.1.37, 7.3.77, 8.1.20 and 8.1.22 are by way of skt-data's sūtra corpus, only 8.1.20 named by him. None of the four lexicons is in this repository and none of the quoted lines can be checked“saṅgamalekhanam apy āvayor asahamānaṃ daivam āvayoḥ saṅgaṃ na sahata iti kimu vaktavyam ity apiśabdārthaḥ”

The moment I have drawn you on a rock in red earth — you sulking, and out of love — and want to put myself in at your feet, that same moment tears gather thicker and thicker and blot my sight out; cruel Fate will not let us be together even there. This is the second of the four consolations Mallinātha listed at 2.43, प्रतिकृति, the likeness made by hand: like the first at 2.44 it is taken up for three pādas and denied in the fourth, and like the first it fails through the eyes. He names four lexicons in this one comment, the densest the canto has been, and reads क्रूरः कृतान्तः as दैवम्, so the enemy of 2.42's वैरिणा विधिना is back under another name. No figure is named.

  • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.45, whole-verse gloss; saṃprati pratikṛtidarśanam āha

No figure is named for this verse by the commentary this reading follows, so none is shown.