printलघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी — practise the grammar

मेघदूतम् · कालिदास · 2.55

विसर्जन · the release, and a wish against parting

एतत् कृत्वा प्रियमनुचितप्रार्थनावर्तिनो मे

ए
त
त्कृ
त्वा
प्रि
य
म
नु
चि
त
प्रा
र्थ
ना
व
र्ति
नो
मे

सौहार्दाद्वा विधुर इति वा मय्यनुक्रोशबुद्ध्या

सौ
हा
र्दा
द्वा
वि
धु
र
इ
ति
वा
म
य्य
नु
क्रो
श
बु
द्ध्या

इष्टान् देशान् जलद विचर प्रावृषा संभृतश्रीः

इ
ष्टा
न्दे
शा
न्ज
ल
द
वि
च
र
प्रा
वृ
षा
सं
भृ
त
श्रीः

मा भूदेवं क्षणमपि च ते विद्युता विप्रयोगः

मा
भू
दे
वं
क्ष
ण
म
पि
च
ते
वि
द्यु
ता
वि
प्र
यो
गः

corrected pāda c reads देशान् जलद विचर where the text prints देशान् विचर.

A word has dropped out. As printed the pāda is fourteen syllables where the metre wants seventeen. vendor/dcs-meghaduta.txt reads the vocative जलद between देशान् and विचर, so the poem's last stanza addresses the cloud by name once more as it releases it. With it the pāda is seventeen syllables weighing the full Mandākrāntā pattern, with no pādānta licence needed.

pāda a

  • एguruits long vowel ए
  • तguruthe conjunct त्क that follows it
  • त्कृguruthe conjunct त्व that follows it
  • त्वाguruits long vowel आ
  • प्रिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • यlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • चिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तguruthe conjunct प्र that follows it
  • प्राguruits long vowel आ
  • र्थlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नाguruits long vowel आ
  • वguruthe conjunct र्त that follows it
  • र्तिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नोguruits long vowel ओ
  • मेguruits long vowel ए
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — कृत्वा
  • yati after 10 — a compound member ends here, inside अनुचितप्रार्थनावर्तिनः

pāda b

  • सौguruits long vowel औ
  • हाguruits long vowel आ
  • र्दाguruits long vowel आ
  • द्वाguruits long vowel आ
  • विlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • धुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रlaghuits short vowel, with no consonant after it
  • इlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • वाguruits long vowel आ
  • मguruthe conjunct य्य that follows it
  • य्यlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नुguruthe conjunct क्र that follows it
  • क्रोguruits long vowel ओ
  • शlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • बुguruthe conjunct द्ध्य that follows it
  • द्ध्याguruits long vowel आ
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — सौहार्दाद्वा
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — वा

pāda c

  • इguruthe conjunct ष्ट that follows it
  • ष्टाguruits long vowel आ
  • न्देguruits long vowel ए
  • शाguruits long vowel आ
  • न्जlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • दlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • विlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • चlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रguruthe conjunct प्र that follows it
  • प्राguruits long vowel आ
  • वृlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • षाguruits long vowel आ
  • संguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • भृlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तguruthe conjunct श्र that follows it
  • श्रीःguruthe visarga it carries
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — देशान्
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — विचर

pāda d

  • माguruits long vowel आ
  • भूguruits long vowel ऊ
  • देguruits long vowel ए
  • वंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • क्षlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • णlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • पिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • चlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तेguruits long vowel ए
  • विguruthe conjunct द्य that follows it
  • द्युlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • ताguruits long vowel आ
  • विguruthe conjunct प्र that follows it
  • प्रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • योguruits long vowel ओ
  • गःguruthe visarga it carries
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — भूदेवं
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — ते

  • प्रियम् + अनुचितप्रार्थनावर्तिनः → प्रियमनुचितप्रार्थनावर्तिनो

    म् + अ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • अनुचितप्रार्थनावर्तिनः + मे → प्रियमनुचितप्रार्थनावर्तिनो

    ः + म्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • सौहार्दात् + वा → सौहार्दाद्वा

    त् + व्

  • विधुरः + इति → विधुर

    ः + इ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • मयि + अनुक्रोशबुद्ध्या → मय्यनुक्रोशबुद्ध्या

    इ + अ

  • भूत् + एवम् → भूदेवं

    त् + ए

  • क्षणम् + अपि → क्षणमपि

    म् + अ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • अनुचित + प्रार्थना → अनुचितप्रार्थनावर्तिनः

    अ + प्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • प्रार्थना + वर्तिन् → अनुचितप्रार्थनावर्तिनः

    आ + व्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • अनुक्रोश + बुद्धि → अनुक्रोशबुद्ध्या

    अ + ब्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • संभृत + श्री → संभृतश्रीः

    अ + श्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

सौहार्दात् + वा makes सौहार्दाद्वा, the final त् voicing to द् before the voiced व् by Pāṇini 8.2.39 झलां जशोऽन्ते; भूत् + एवम् makes भूदेवं the same way. मयि + अनुक्रोश makes मय्यनुक्रोश, इ becoming य् before a dissimilar vowel by 6.1.77 इको यणचि. विधुरः + इति makes विधुर इति, the visarga dropped before the इ by 6.1.113 अतो रोरप्लुतादप्लुते. वर्तिनः + मे makes वर्तिनो मे, the final visarga after अ becoming ओ before the voiced म् by 6.1.114 हशि च. A word-final म् is kept before a vowel — प्रियम् + अनुचित making प्रियमनुचित, क्षणम् + अपि making क्षणमपि.

  • Chinnaya Sūri, Bālavyākaraṇam — సంధిపరిచ్ఛేదము; vendor/balavyakaranam-sandhi.txt
  • Aṣṭādhyāyī — 8.2.39 झलां जशोऽन्ते; 6.1.77 इको यणचि; 6.1.113 अतो रोरप्लुतादप्लुते; 6.1.114 हशि च

  • एतत् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

  • प्रियम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

  • मे षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word

    with अनुचितप्रार्थनावर्तिनः

  • सौहार्दात् पञ्चमी · ablative — an उभयपदवृद्धि, vṛddhi of both members, by हृद्भगसिन्ध्वन्ते पूर्वपदस्य च

    सौहार्दात्, *out of friendship*, is the ablative of सौहार्द, and Mallinātha stops to derive it from सुहृद्, *good-hearted, a friend*. When a compound ends in हृद्, भग or सिन्धु, the vowel of the first member is raised as well as the second — “हृद्भगसिन्ध्वन्ते पूर्वपदस्य च”, Pāṇini 7.3.19 — so सुहृद् gives सौहार्द, with both सु and हृद् taking vṛddhi, and not सुहार्द. He calls it उभयपदवृद्धि, *vṛddhi of both members*. Of the two lines he cites in this comment one is in skt-data's sūtra corpus and one is not; this one is, so the check finds it. The last derivation in the poem is of the word for friendship.

    • Aṣṭādhyāyī — 7.3.19 हृद्भगसिन्ध्वन्ते पूर्वपदस्य च
    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.55: sauhārdāt suhṛdbhāvāt || “hṛdbhagasindhvante pūrvapadasya ca” ityubhayapadavṛddhiḥ

  • विधुरः प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • मयि सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location

  • अनुक्रोशबुद्ध्या तृतीया · instrumental — करण, the instrument or cause

  • देशान् द्वितीया · accusative — the कर्मन् of an intransitive verb of motion, taking the second case by कर्मणि द्वितीया

    with इष्टान्

    देशान्, *regions*, is a second-case object of विचर — but विचर is a verb of motion, intransitive, and takes no object. Mallinātha licenses the accusative with a वचन, a received dictum he quotes rather than a sūtra of Pāṇini's: “देशकालाध्वगन्तव्याः कर्मसंज्ञा ह्यकर्मणाम्”, *place, time, road and destination are called कर्मन् even for intransitive verbs*. Once देश counts as कर्मन्, it takes the second case by Pāṇini 2.3.2 कर्मणि द्वितीया, which supplements 1.4.49 कर्तुरीप्सिततमं कर्म, the definition of the direct object. He calls the line a वचन, not a sūtra, and the corpus bears him out: 2.3.2 and 1.4.49 are in it and the quoted line is not.

    • Aṣṭādhyāyī — 2.3.2 कर्मणि द्वितीया
    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.55: iṣṭān deśān vicara … “deśakālādhvagantavyāḥ karmasaṃjñā hyakarmaṇām” iti vacanāt karmatvam

  • जलद सम्बोधन · vocative — the one addressed

    with संभृतश्रीः

  • प्रावृषा तृतीया · instrumental — करण, the instrument or cause

  • क्षणम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

  • ते षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word

  • विद्युता तृतीया · instrumental — करण, the instrument or cause

  • विप्रयोगः प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

प्रकरण 1 · हलन्त्यम्

प्रकरण 2 · इको यणचि

प्रकरण 3 · स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः

प्रकरण 4 · वा शरि

  • ससजुषो रुः 8.2.66← अनुचितप्रार्थनावर्तिनः; विधुरः; संभृतश्रीः; विप्रयोगः

प्रकरण 5 · अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्

प्रकरण 7 · अतोऽम्

प्रकरण 8 · हो ढः

प्रकरण 11 · स्वरादिनिपातमव्ययम्

प्रकरण 12 · लः कर्मणि च भावे चाकर्मकेभ्यः

प्रकरण 34 · ण्वुल्तृचौ

प्रकरण 36 · तुमुन्ण्वुलौ क्रियायां क्रियार्थायाम्

not in the abridgement

अनुचितप्रार्थनावर्तिनः

अनुचित · प्रार्थना · वर्तिन्

  1. अनुचिता प्रार्थना

    कर्मधारय — a request that does not become the asker

  2. अनुचितप्रार्थनायां वर्ती, तस्य

    तत्पुरुष (locative) — one who persists in such a request

तत्पुरुष — it agrees with मे. of me, who keep pressing a request I have no business making — **and Mallinātha writes the request out in the yakṣa's own words**: अनुचिता तवाननुरूपा या प्रार्थना प्रियां प्रति **“सन्देशं मे हर”** इत्येवंरूपा तत्र वर्तिनः, *the request unbecoming to you, of the form* carry my message to my beloved. **That sentence is nowhere in the poem.** A hundred and twenty stanzas and the errand is never put in the imperative; the commentary supplies it at the end, in four syllables, so that the last stanza's apology has something to apologise for. He also reads the third member as वर्तिन्, *abiding in*, where DCS reads आवर्तिन्

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who unpacks अनुचिता तवाननुरूपा या प्रार्थना प्रियां प्रति “सन्देशं मे हर” इत्येवंरूपा तत्र वर्तिनो निर्बन्धपरस्य मे; DCS gives the members as अनुचित, प्रार्थन and आवर्तिन्, splitting the आ off the wrong side. That the quoted request is not in the poem is the reader's, from `text.md`. The transcription reads `nirbandhAtparasya` for निर्बन्धपरस्य“anucitā tavānanurūpā yā prārthanā priyāṃ prati “sandeśaṃ me hara” ityevaṃrūpā tatra vartino nirbandhaparasya me”

अनुक्रोशबुद्ध्या

अनुक्रोश · बुद्धि

  1. अनुक्रोशस्य बुद्धिः, तया

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — a mind of pity

तत्पुरुष. out of a mind of pity — Mallinātha swaps the first member for a plainer one, करुणाबुद्ध्या, and marks the locative beside it: मयि **विषये**, *me being the object*. अनुक्रोश is literally *crying after*, the sound a person makes on somebody else's behalf, so the cloud is being credited with the noise it has been asked all poem not to make

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses मयि विषयेऽनुक्रोशबुद्ध्या करुणाबुद्ध्या; DCS gives the members as अनुक्रोश and बुद्धि. The remark about the word's literal sense is the reader's“mayi viṣaye 'nukrośabuddhyā karuṇābuddhyā vā”

संभृतश्रीः

संभृत · श्री

  1. संभृता श्रीर्यस्य सः

    बहुव्रीहि — he whose splendour has been gathered up

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to जलद. with your beauty filled out — Mallinātha glosses उपचितशोभः and writes सन् after it, so it is the state the cloud is to wander in rather than another thing said about it. **संभृत is the poem's own word coming back**: 2.34 had her mind संभृतस्नेहम्, with affection stored up in it, and here it is the rains that have stored something up in the cloud. The last stanza gives the messenger what the message described

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses संभृतश्रीरुपचितशोभः सन्; DCS gives the members as संभृत and श्री and tags the whole masculine. **No table: `getDeclension('श्री', 'ii-masc')` returns nothing** — a bahuvrīhi in श्री describing a masculine is the gender the generator does not offer for an ī-stem, the gap logged at 2.13. The link to 2.34 is the reader's“sambhṛtaśrīr upacitaśobhaḥ san”

  • pronoun, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    एतत्

    एतद्

    this — the errand, pointed at rather than named, as इदम् pointed at it one stanza earlier. Mallinātha spells it out where the verse will not: एतत्सन्देशहरणरूपं प्रियम्, *this kindness, which takes the form of carrying a message*

  • क्त्वा

    कृत्वा

    √कृ

    having done — glossed सम्पाद्य, *having accomplished*, which is the word Mallinātha used at 2.54 for what the good give instead of an answer. **The whole poem is the thing this absolutive stands for**

  • a-stem neuter, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    प्रियम्

    printed प्रियमनुचितप्रार्थनावर्तिनो

    प्रिय

    a kindness — the neuter of प्रिय standing as a noun, *a thing that pleases*, and the object of कृत्वा. **The word has been an adjective all poem** — प्रियसखम् at 1.6, प्रियः at 2.4, प्रियाम् for the wife — and here at the end it is a thing one person does for another

  • in-stem masculine, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular

    अनुचितप्रार्थनावर्तिनः

    printed प्रियमनुचितप्रार्थनावर्तिनो

    अनुचित + प्रार्थना + वर्तिन्

    who keeps pressing a request he has no business making — **the poem's one word of apology**, and it is about the asking rather than about anything asked for. Mallinātha glosses अनुचिता as तवाननुरूपा, *not befitting you*: the impropriety is that a cloud was asked at all

  • pronoun, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular

    मे

    printed प्रियमनुचितप्रार्थनावर्तिनो

    अस्मद्

    for me — the genitive of the person a kindness is done to, and Mallinātha replaces the enclitic with the full form, मे मम, as he did at 2.51. **It is the last time in the poem the yakṣa refers to himself**

  • a-stem neuter, पञ्चमी एकवचन ablative singular

    सौहार्दात्

    printed सौहार्दाद्वा

    सौहार्द

    out of friendship — glossed सुहृद्भावात्, *from the state of being a सुहृद्*, **and Mallinātha stops to derive the word**: “हृद्भगसिन्ध्वन्ते पूर्वपदस्य च” इत्युभयपदवृद्धिः, Pāṇini 7.3.19, which raises the vowel of the first member as well as the second when a compound ends in हृद्, भग or सिन्धु — so सुहृद् gives सौहार्द and not सुहार्द. **The last derivation in the poem is of the word for friendship**

  • अव्यय

    वा

    printed सौहार्दाद्वा

    वा

    either — the first of a pair, offering the cloud two motives and insisting on neither. **The poem does not presume to know why the cloud helped**

  • a-stem masculine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    विधुरः

    printed विधुर

    विधुर

    he is torn apart — a nominative inside इति, the thought the cloud might have had. Mallinātha glosses वियुक्तः, *separated*, and settles the word out of Amara: “विधुरं तु प्रविश्लेषे”, विधुर in the sense of a coming-apart. **So the word for what has happened to the yakṣa is a word for a thing pulled in two**, and it is the last of the poem's names for his condition

  • अव्यय

    इति

    printed विधुर

    इति

    thinking — the quotation particle around a thought rather than a speech, and Mallinātha marks it as a reason: इति हेतोः, *for that reason*. It is the second इति-clause the poem has put inside somebody's head, after her *cheat, I saw you in a dream* at 2.51

  • अव्यय

    वा

    वा

    or — the second of the pair, and Mallinātha keeps it: करुणाबुद्ध्या **वा**. Friendship, or else pity; the yakṣa will not say which, and the difference is whether the cloud is his equal

  • pronoun, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    मयि

    printed मय्यनुक्रोशबुद्ध्या

    अस्मद्

    toward me — the locative of what an attitude is directed at, and Mallinātha marks it विषये as he did at 2.52 and 2.54. **Three stanzas running end on the same construction**, and all three are about how somebody else feels about the speaker

  • i-stem feminine, तृतीया एकवचन instrumental singular

    अनुक्रोशबुद्ध्या

    printed मय्यनुक्रोशबुद्ध्या

    अनुक्रोश + बुद्धि

    with a mind of pity — the instrumental of the motive, standing beside the ablative सौहार्दात् for the other one. Two cases for two reasons, which is the sort of thing Sanskrit can do and English has to spell out

  • √इष् + क्त, द्वितीया बहुवचन accusative plural

    इष्टान्

    √इष्

    the ones you like — glossed स्वाभिलषितान्, *wished for by yourself*, and the pronoun in his gloss is the point: the cloud is being released to its own preferences. **The same participle stood at 2.52** in इष्टे वस्तुनि, of the thing love turns toward; there it was hers and here it is the cloud's

  • a-stem masculine, द्वितीया बहुवचन accusative plural

    देशान्

    देश

    regions — **an accusative after a verb that takes no object**, and Mallinātha licenses it with a line the sūtra corpus does not have: “देशकालाध्वगन्तव्याः कर्मसंज्ञा ह्यकर्मणाम्” इति वचनात्कर्मत्वम् — *place, time, road and destination are called कर्मन् even for intransitive verbs*, so they take the second case by 2.3.2 कर्मणि द्वितीया. **The last grammatical remark in the commentary is about a कारक relation**, which is the family of remark this canto has produced most and for which the corpus has no field

  • a-stem masculine, सम्बोधन एकवचन vocative singular

    जलद

    जलद

    cloud — **the last time the poem addresses it, and it uses the plain word.** Mallinātha opens his comment on it, हे जलद. Not सौम्य or बन्धु or भ्रातः or सखे, the names the yakṣa has been finding for it since 1.6, but the one that says only what it is: *water-giver*. **The word is also a correction**: `text.md` prints the pāda three syllables short, and `vendor/dcs-meghaduta.txt` has जलद here, which repairs it to an exact seventeen. The poem's last address to the messenger is a word this text had lost

    The poem's last address to the cloud, and it is the plain word. जलद is जल, water, and द, giver — *water-giver* — where the yakṣa has called it सौम्य, बन्धु, भ्रातः, सखे across a hundred and twenty stanzas. Mallinātha opens his comment हे जलद. At the end the messenger is named for nothing but what it is. The word is also a repair: `text.md` prints the third pāda three syllables short, and both Mallinātha's stanza and the DCS witness carry जलद here, which mends it to a full seventeen. The poem's last address to the messenger is a word this text had lost.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.55: etad iti || he jalada, sauhārdāt suhṛdbhāvāt

  • √चर्, class 1, लोट्, parasmaipada, second person singular

    विचर

    वि + √चर्

    range about — the imperative that releases the cloud, glossed विहर, *roam*, with the whole clause restated: यथेष्टदेशेषु विहर, *roam in whatever regions you please*. **It is the only imperative in the poem addressed to the cloud that asks it to do nothing for anybody**

  • ṣ-stem feminine, तृतीया एकवचन instrumental singular

    प्रावृषा

    प्रावृष्

    by the rains — glossed वर्षाभिः, in the plural, because the season's ordinary name is a plural, and Mallinātha quotes Amara for both. **The word the whole poem has been waiting on**: the rains are what made the cloud, and here they are the instrument of its beauty at the moment it is let go

  • ī-stem masculine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    संभृतश्रीः

    संभृत + श्री

    your splendour filled out — glossed उपचितशोभः, and Mallinātha writes सन् after it, the fourth unmarked सन् or सती in five stanzas. **उपचित is 2.52's word** — there the affections grew rich in savour from not being spent, and here the cloud grows rich from the rains. The poem's last two adjectives for the messenger are the two it used for feeling. It is masculine by the bahuvrīhi

  • अव्यय

    मा

    मा

    never — the prohibitive particle, and its fourth appearance in nineteen stanzas after 2.37, 2.49 and 2.52. **Here it is a blessing rather than a warning**, which Mallinātha names: माङीत्याशिषि लुङ्, the aorist after माङ् in the sense of a benediction

  • √भू, class 1, लुङ्, parasmaipada, third person singular

    भूत्

    printed भूदेवं

    √भू of the first class

    be — the augmentless aorist, the fourth in the poem and the same two words as 2.37's मा भूत्. **Mallinātha names the rule that puts the aorist here at all**: माङीत्याशिषि लुङ्, Pāṇini 3.3.175 माङि लुङ् — after माङ् the aorist is used — where at 2.49 and 2.52 he named only 6.4.74, the rule that takes the augment away. **The two halves of the derivation are spread across three stanzas and he never gives both at once**

  • अव्यय

    एवम्

    printed भूदेवं

    एवम्

    like this — **and Mallinātha's gloss is one word and it is the whole poem**: मद्वत्, *as with me*. The blessing is that the cloud never suffer what the speaker is suffering, and without the gloss the particle is merely *thus*. **It is the last word the commentary has to supply**

    एवम् is one syllable and Mallinātha's gloss on it is one word: मद्वत्, *as with me*. Without it the particle is merely *thus*, and the blessing floats free. With it the poem's last sentence is a man wishing on somebody else the exact absence of the thing he does not have — that the cloud never be parted, like this, from its lightning. It is the last word the commentary has to supply, and it turns the wish into a self-portrait.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.55: evaṃ madvat kṣaṇam api svalpakālam api

  • a-stem masculine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    क्षणम्

    printed क्षणमपि

    क्षण

    for a moment — the accusative of extent of time, standing as an adverb, and Mallinātha glosses it स्वल्पकालम्, *for a very short while*. **क्षण has been the poem's unit for how long a thing can be borne**: 2.29 says her friends will not let go of her for a moment, 2.48 asks what a moment is to somebody counting nights

  • अव्यय

    अपि

    printed क्षणमपि

    अपि

    even — and Mallinātha keeps it in the gloss, स्वल्पकालम्**अपि**, which is what turns a short time into the smallest one worth naming. **The poem's last अपि**, after twenty-three of them in the canto

  • अव्यय

    च

    च

    and — joining the blessing to the release, so that the last sentence is one thing and not two: go where you like, and never be parted

  • pronoun, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular

    ते

    युष्मद्

    your — the cloud's, and Mallinātha replaces the enclitic with the full form, ते तव, one last time. **The poem's last pronoun is second person**, which is what it has been since 1.6

  • t-stem feminine, तृतीया एकवचन instrumental singular

    विद्युता

    विद्युत्

    from your lightning — **and here is the last word the commentary writes into this poem**: कलत्रेणेति शेषः, *your wife* is to be supplied. Nothing on the page says the lightning is a wife. With that one word the blessing stops being about weather: a cloud and its lightning are never apart, and the man saying so has been apart from his for eight months. **The lightning has been in the poem since 1.4**, where it stood on the cloud like a banner; it becomes a spouse in the last line

    The poem's last word is a supplied one. विद्युता, *by the lightning*, is an instrumental, and Mallinātha writes beside it कलत्रेणेति शेषः — *a wife* is to be supplied. Nothing on the page says the lightning is a wife. A cloud and its lightning are never parted, and the man who wishes that on the cloud has been parted from his own for eight months. With that one word the blessing stops being about weather and becomes a marriage. The lightning has been in the poem since 1.4, where it stood on the cloud like a banner; it becomes a spouse in the last line.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.55: te tava vidyutā | kalatreṇeti śeṣaḥ

  • a-stem masculine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    विप्रयोगः

    विप्रयोग

    separation — **the last word of the poem, and it is the poem's subject.** Mallinātha glosses it विरहः, the word the message itself used at 2.52, and puts it under the prohibition: विप्रयोगो विरहो मा भून्मास्तु, *let there not be, let there not be*. The Meghadūta ends on the noun it is about, negated, and wished away from somebody else

    The poem ends on the word it is about. विप्रयोगः, *separation*, glossed विरहः — the word the message itself used at 2.52 — stands under the prohibition मा भूत्: विप्रयोगो विरहो मा भून्मास्तु, *let there not be, let there not be*. The Meghadūta closes on the noun it is about, negated and wished away from somebody else. The five stanzas `text.md` prints after this one Mallinātha calls क्षेपक, interpolations — अन्त इमे क्षेपका दृश्यन्ते — and stops; the corpus stops with him.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.55: viprayogo viraho mā bhūn māstu … anta ime kṣepakā dṛśyante

जलद · सौहार्दात् · वा · विधुरः · इति · वा · मयि · अनुक्रोशबुद्ध्या · अनुचितप्रार्थनावर्तिनः · मे · एतत् · प्रियम् · कृत्वा · प्रावृषा · संभृतश्रीः · सन् [supplied] · इष्टान् · देशान् · विचर · एवम् · क्षणम् · अपि · च · ते · विद्युता · विप्रयोगः · मा · भूत्

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, whose commentary runs as anvaya. **Two words are supplied and only one is marked**: सन्, written in after संभृतश्रीः to make it the state rather than a second predicate — the fourth unmarked one in five stanzas, after सती at 2.51 and सन् at 2.53 and 2.54; and कलत्रेण, *a wife*, which he does mark — `कलत्रेणेति शेषः` — for what विद्युता is. **कलत्रेण is not placed in this order.** It is not an addition to the sentence but a gloss on a word already in it, and putting it beside विद्युता would say the verse has two instrumentals where it has one; the word entry carries it instead. What he moves is the vocative, which he takes to the head of everything — हे जलद first, then the two motives — where the verse holds it to the middle of the third pāda. He also brings कृत्वा's whole clause forward past the motives it follows in the verse, and leaves the last pāda as printed except for putting मा भूत् at its end, where Sanskrit prose wants the verb“he jalada, sauhārdāt suhṛdbhāvāt … vidhuro viyukta iti hetor vā … mayi viṣaye 'nukrośabuddhyā karuṇābuddhyā vā | anucitā tavānanurūpā yā prārthanā … tatra vartino nirbandhaparasya me mamaitat sandeśaharaṇarūpaṃ priyaṃ kṛtvā sampādya prāvṛṣā varṣābhiḥ … sambhṛtaśrīr upacitaśobhaḥ san | iṣṭān svābhilaṣitān deśān vicara … evaṃ madvat kṣaṇam api svalpakālam api te tava vidyutā | kalatreṇeti śeṣaḥ | viprayogo viraho mā bhūn māstu”

the dependency structure

विचर · क्रिया — range about, विचर; the imperative that releases the cloud, and the poem's main verb. Mallinātha glosses it विहर, *roam*, and restates the whole clause यथेष्टदेशेषु विहर, *roam in whatever regions you please*. It is the only imperative the poem addresses to the cloud that asks it to do nothing for anybody — the errand is over, and the last command is a permission. The blessing मा भूत् hangs under it, joined by च

जलद · सम्बोधन — cloud, हे जलद; the poem's last address to the messenger, and it is the plain word — जल, water, and द, giver, *water-giver* — where the yakṣa has spent the poem finding it kinder names, सौम्य and बन्धु and भ्रातः and सखे. Mallinātha opens his comment हे जलद. At the end the messenger is named for nothing but what it is

कृत्वा · पूर्वकालक्रिया — having done, कृत्वा; the absolutive of manner, glossed सम्पाद्य, *having accomplished*, which is the word Mallinātha used at 2.54 for what the good give instead of an answer. It stands for the whole errand the cloud has just carried out; its object is प्रियम्, and the two motives for the kindness hang beneath it

प्रियम् · कर्म — a kindness, एतत्सन्देशहरणरूपं प्रियम्; the neuter of प्रिय standing as a noun, *a thing that pleases*, and the object of कृत्वा. The word has been an adjective all poem — प्रियसखम्, प्रियः, प्रियाम् for the wife — and here at the end it is a thing one person does for another

एतत् · — this, एतत्; the pointing pronoun on प्रियम्, the errand named by a gesture rather than spelled out, which Mallinātha spells out — एतत्सन्देशहरणरूपं प्रियम्, *this kindness, which takes the form of carrying a message*

मे · षष्ठी — for me, मे मम; the genitive of the person a kindness is done to, and Mallinātha fills the enclitic to मे मम as he did at 2.51. It is the last time in the poem the yakṣa refers to himself

अनुचितप्रार्थनावर्तिनः · agreeing with मे — who keeps pressing a request he has no business making, अनुचितप्रार्थनावर्तिनः; the poem's one word of apology, and it is about the asking rather than about anything asked for. Mallinātha glosses अनुचिता as तवाननुरूपा, *not befitting you*: the impropriety was ever to have asked a cloud

सौहार्दात् · हेतु — out of friendship, सौहार्दात्सुहृद्भावात्; the ablative of one of the two motives, and the word Mallinātha stops to derive — सुहृद् giving सौहार्द by an उभयपदवृद्धि, Pāṇini 7.3.19. The last derivation in the poem is of the word for friendship

वा · — either, वा; the first of a pair, offering the cloud two motives and insisting on neither. The poem does not presume to know why the cloud helped

अनुक्रोशबुद्ध्या · हेतु — with a mind of pity, अनुक्रोशबुद्ध्या करुणाबुद्ध्या; the instrumental of the other motive, standing beside the ablative सौहार्दात् for the first. Two cases for two reasons, which is the sort of thing Sanskrit can do and English has to spell out

मयि · अधिकरण — toward me, मयि विषये; the locative of what the pity is directed at, marked विषये as at 2.52 and 2.54. Three stanzas running end on the same construction, all three about how somebody else feels about the speaker

वा · — or, वा; the second of the pair, and Mallinātha keeps it — करुणाबुद्ध्या वा. Friendship, or else pity; the yakṣa will not say which, and the difference is whether the cloud is his equal

विधुरः · — he is torn apart, विधुरो वियुक्तः; a nominative inside इति, the thought the cloud might have had, glossed वियुक्तः, *separated*, and settled out of Amara — “विधुरं तु प्रविश्लेषे”. So the word for what has happened to the yakṣa is a word for a thing pulled in two, the last of the poem's names for his condition

इति · — thinking, इति हेतोः; the quotation particle around a thought rather than a speech, marked by Mallinātha as a reason — *for that reason* the cloud helped. It is the second इति-clause the poem has put inside somebody's head, after her *cheat, I saw you in a dream* at 2.51

संभृतश्रीः · agreeing with जलद — your splendour filled out, संभृतश्रीरुपचितशोभः; a bahuvrīhi describing the cloud, the state it is to wander in, glossed उपचितशोभः. संभृत is the poem's own word coming back — 2.34 had her mind संभृतस्नेहम्, affection stored up — and here the rains have stored something up in the cloud. It is masculine by the bahuvrīhi

सन् · agreeing with जलद — being so, सन् [supplied]; Mallinātha's सन् written after संभृतश्रीः, making the filled-out beauty the state the cloud wanders in rather than a second thing said about it — the fourth unmarked सन् or सती in five stanzas

प्रावृषा · करण — by the rains, प्रावृषा वर्षाभिः; the instrument of the cloud's beauty, glossed with a plural because the season's ordinary name is a plural. The word the whole poem has been waiting on: the rains are what made the cloud, and here they fill out its beauty at the moment it is let go

देशान् · कर्म — regions, इष्टान्देशान्; an accusative after a verb of motion that takes no object, licensed as कर्मन् for place, time, road and destination even of intransitives, so it takes the second case by 2.3.2 कर्मणि द्वितीया. The last grammatical remark in the commentary is about a कारक relation

इष्टान् · agreeing with देशान् — the ones you like, इष्टान्स्वाभिलषितान्; the past participle of √इष्, *wished for by yourself*, and the pronoun in the gloss is the point — the cloud is released to its own preferences. The same participle stood at 2.52 in इष्टे वस्तुनि; there it was hers, here it is the cloud's

भूत् · क्रिया — be, मा भूत्; the second finite verb, the augmentless aorist (लुङ्) of √भू under मा, the blessing that closes the poem — *let there never be*. Mallinātha names माङीत्याशिषि लुङ्, the aorist after माङ् in the sense of a benediction, Pāṇini 3.3.175. It is the same two words as 2.37's मा भूत्, there a warning and here a wish

च · — and, च; joining the blessing to the release, so that the last sentence is one thing and not two — go where you like, and never be parted

मा · प्रतिषेध — never, मा; the prohibitive particle, its fourth appearance in nineteen stanzas after 2.37, 2.49 and 2.52. Here it is a blessing rather than a warning, which Mallinātha names — माङीत्याशिषि लुङ्

विप्रयोगः · कर्ता — separation, विप्रयोगो विरहः; the last word of the poem and its subject, glossed विरहः — the word the message itself used at 2.52 — and put under the prohibition, विप्रयोगो विरहो मा भून्मास्तु. The Meghadūta ends on the noun it is about, negated, and wished away from somebody else

एवम् · — like this, एवं मद्वत्; and Mallinātha's gloss is one word and it is the whole poem — मद्वत्, *as with me*. Without it the particle is merely *thus*; with it the blessing is that the cloud never suffer what the speaker is suffering. It is the last word the commentary supplies

क्षणम् · कालाधिकरण — for a moment, क्षणं स्वल्पकालम्; the accusative of extent of time standing as an adverb, glossed स्वल्पकालम्, *for a very short while*. क्षण has been the poem's unit for how long a thing can be borne, at 2.29 and 2.48

अपि · — even, अपि; kept in the gloss, स्वल्पकालमपि, which is what turns a short time into the smallest one worth naming. The poem's last अपि, after twenty-three of them in the canto

ते · षष्ठी — your, ते तव; the cloud's, and Mallinātha fills the enclitic to ते तव one last time. The poem's last pronoun is second person, which is what it has been since 1.6

विद्युता · करण — from your lightning, ते तव विद्युता; the instrument of parting, and the last word the commentary writes into the poem — कलत्रेणेति शेषः, *a wife* is to be supplied. Nothing on the page says the lightning is a wife; with that one word the blessing stops being about weather. A cloud and its lightning are never apart, and the man saying so has been apart from his for eight months

uncheckedthe reader's reading, following Mallinātha's Sañjīvinī. His glosses: हे जलद, सौहार्दात्सुहृद्भावात् with the 7.3.19 उभयपदवृद्धि, विधुरो वियुक्त इति हेतोर्वा with the Amara line, मयि विषयेऽनुक्रोशबुद्ध्या करुणाबुद्ध्या, the unpacking of अनुचितप्रार्थनावर्तिनः with तवाननुरूपा and the request “सन्देशं मे हर”, एतत्सन्देशहरणरूपं प्रियं कृत्वा सम्पाद्य, प्रावृषा वर्षाभिः, संभृतश्रीरुपचितशोभः सन्, इष्टान्स्वाभिलषितान्देशान्विचर with यथेष्टदेशेषु विहर and the कर्मत्व वचन, एवं मद्वत्, क्षणमपि स्वल्पकालमपि, ते तव विद्युता with कलत्रेणेति शेषः, विप्रयोगो विरहो मा भून्मास्तु with माङीत्याशिषि लुङ्, the Sārasvatālaṅkāra quotation and the colophon. The tree roots at विचर, the imperative that releases the cloud, and carries the benediction मा भूत् — the augmentless aorist of √भू — as the clause joined to it by च; कृत्वा's whole clause of motives hangs beneath the main verb, and संभृतश्रीः with the supplied सन् is the state the cloud wanders in. Pāṇini 3.3.175, 7.3.19, 2.3.2 and 1.4.49 are by way of skt-data's sūtra corpus, of which Mallinātha names 3.3.175 and 7.3.19; the कर्मसंज्ञा line he quotes is a वचन and is not in it. No figure is named. This is the closing verse of the poem — Mallinātha appends the colophon and calls the five stanzas that follow क्षेपक, and the corpus stops with him. The Telugu is drawn from Vedam Venkataraya Sastri's Āndhra Meghasandeśam.

*Cloud — having done me this kindness, out of friendship, or else thinking* he is torn apart *and pitying me, who keep pressing a request I have no business making — range over whatever regions you please, with the rains having filled your beauty out. And may you never, not for a moment, be parted like this from your lightning.* **The poem ends on the word it is about.** विप्रयोगः, separation, glossed विरहः and standing under a मा. And Mallinātha supplies the one word that turns the blessing from weather into a marriage: **कलत्रेणेति शेषः**, *your wife* is to be supplied for the lightning. Nothing on the page says that. A cloud and its lightning are never apart, and the man wishing it on the cloud has been apart from his for eight months. **It is the last thing this commentary writes into this poem**, and it is a word for a spouse. **And the blessing has a handbook behind it.** Mallinātha closes by quoting the *Sārasvatālaṅkāra* — अन्ते काव्यस्य नित्यत्वात्कुर्यादाशिषमुत्तमाम् … नायकेच्छानुरूपिणीम्, *because it is required at a poem's end, one should make an excellent benediction, one shaped to the hero's wish* — and concludes काव्यान्ते नायकेच्छानुरूपोऽयमाशीर्वादः प्रयुक्त इत्यनुसन्धेयम्, *this blessing at the poem's close, shaped to the hero's wish, is to be understood as so employed.* **So the last line is where it is because a manual of poetics says a poem must end that way.** That is the seventh non-poetic book to produce a reading in this canto, after the Sāmudrika, the Ratirahasya, the Nimittanidāna, the Ratisarvasva, the Rasaratnākara and the Śabdārṇava, and the first that is about how to end a poem rather than about what is in one. **एवम् is one syllable and his gloss on it is one word**: मद्वत्, *as with me*. Without it the particle is merely *thus*. With it the poem's last sentence is a man wishing on somebody else the exact absence of the thing he does not have. **The apology is about the asking.** अनुचितप्रार्थनावर्तिनः — of me who persist in an unbecoming request — and Mallinātha glosses अनुचिता as **तवाननुरूपा**, not befitting *you*: the impropriety was ever to have asked a cloud. Then he writes the request out in words the poem never contains — “सन्देशं मे हर”, *carry my message* — so that a hundred and twenty stanzas of asking finally has a sentence. **Two citations in one comment and the check separates them.** “हृद्भगसिन्ध्वन्ते पूर्वपदस्य च”, for why सुहृद् gives सौहार्द with both members raised, **is** Pāṇini 7.3.19 and is in skt-data's sūtra corpus. “देशकालाध्वगन्तव्याः कर्मसंज्ञा ह्यकर्मणाम्”, for how an intransitive verb of motion takes देशान् in the second case, is **not**, and he calls it a वचन rather than a sūtra. Sixth time the test has told them apart, and the first time it has done so twice inside one stanza. **DCS's last error is its most internal.** मा भूत् stands at 2.37 and here, the same two words, and it is tagged `l=lun_unaug` there and `l=vidhilin` — the optative — here. Mallinātha names the rule that settles it: माङीत्याशिषि लुङ्, Pāṇini 3.3.175, the aorist after माङ्. **Three words of the last stanza carry no paradigm and all three are consonant stems**: प्रावृषा, where skt-data offers no class for a stem in ष्; विद्युता, where it offers none for a feminine root-noun in त्; and संभृतश्रीः, where the ī-stem exists and the masculine of it does not. **The poem's last line is where the generator runs out.** **And the commentary agrees with this corpus about where the poem stops.** After the gloss comes the colophon — इति … मेघदूते काव्ये उत्तरमेघः समाप्तः — and then one more sentence: **अन्त इमे क्षेपका दृश्यन्ते**, *at the end these interpolations are seen.* `text.md` prints five more stanzas after this one, each marked `॥ ? ॥`, and `tools/build_corpus.py` drops them. The question left open at 2.32 — whether the doubtful stanzas should be reachable at all — has Mallinātha's own word on it: he calls them क्षेपक and stops. No figure is named.

uncheckedthe reader's reading, following Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī's gloss. His are: हे जलद, सौहार्दात्सुहृद्भावात् with the 7.3.19 citation, विधुरो वियुक्त इति हेतोर्वा with the Amara line, मयि विषयेऽनुक्रोशबुद्ध्या करुणाबुद्ध्या, the unpacking of अनुचितप्रार्थनावर्तिनः with “सन्देशं मे हर”, एतत्सन्देशहरणरूपं प्रियं कृत्वा सम्पाद्य, प्रावृषा वर्षाभिः with Amara, संभृतश्रीरुपचितशोभः सन्, इष्टान्स्वाभिलषितान्देशान्विचर with यथेष्टदेशेषु विहर and the कर्मत्व citation, एवं मद्वत्, क्षणमपि स्वल्पकालमपि, ते तव विद्युता with कलत्रेणेति शेषः, विप्रयोगो विरहो मा भून्मास्तु with माङीत्याशिषि लुङ्, the Sārasvatālaṅkāra quotation and its conclusion, the colophon, and अन्त इमे क्षेपका दृश्यन्ते. That the quoted request is not in the poem, that प्रिय and संभृत and उपचित and इष्ट come back from earlier stanzas, and that the five stanzas `text.md` prints after this one are the ones he calls क्षेपक are the reader's, checked against `text.md`. Pāṇini 3.3.175, 7.3.19, 1.4.49, 2.3.2, 6.4.74, 6.1.77 and 6.1.113 are by way of skt-data's sūtra corpus, of which he names 3.3.175 and 7.3.19. Amara's text and the Sārasvatālaṅkāra are not in this repository and neither can be checked“te tava vidyutā | kalatreṇeti śeṣaḥ | viprayogo viraho mā bhūn māstu || māṅ ity āśiṣi luṅ … kāvyānte nāyakecchānurūpo 'yam āśīrvādaḥ prayukta ityanusandheyam”

Cloud — having done me this kindness, out of friendship, or else thinking he is torn apart and pitying me, who keep pressing a request I have no business making — range over whatever regions you please, with the rains having filled your beauty out. And may you never, not for a moment, be parted like this from your lightning. — This is the poem's closing benediction, and it has a handbook behind it. Mallinātha ends by quoting the Sārasvatālaṅkāra, a manual of poetics — अन्ते काव्यस्य नित्यत्वात्कुर्यादाशिषमुत्तमाम् … नायकेच्छानुरूपिणीम्, *because it is required at a poem's end, one should make an excellent benediction, one shaped to the hero's wish* — and concludes that this blessing is so employed. So the last line is where it is because a manual of poetics says a poem must end that way, with an āśīs, a blessing, cut to the hero's own desire. No rhetorical figure is named.

  • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.55: kāvyānte nāyakecchānurūpo 'yam āśīrvādaḥ prayukta ityanusandheyam

No figure is named for this verse by the commentary this reading follows, so none is shown.