printलघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी — practise the grammar

मेघदूतम् · कालिदास · 2.53

प्रत्यागमन · come back with her word, and her token

आश्वास्यैवं प्रथमविरहोदग्रशोकां सखीं ते

आ
श्वा
स्यै
वं
प्र
थ
म
वि
र
हो
द
ग्र
शो
कां
स
खीं
ते

शैलादाशु त्रिनयनवृषोत्खातकूटान्निवृत्तः

शै
ला
दा
शु
त्रि
न
य
न
वृ
षो
त्खा
त
कू
टा
न्नि
वृ
त्तः

साभिज्ञानप्रहितकुशलैस्तद्वचोभिर्ममापि

सा
भि
ज्ञा
न
प्र
हि
त
कु
श
लै
स्त
द्व
चो
भि
र्म
मा
पि

प्रातः कुन्दप्रसवशिथिलं जीवितं धारयेथाः

प्रा
तः
कु
न्द
प्र
स
व
शि
थि
लं
जी
वि
तं
धा
र
ये
थाः

pāda a

  • आguruits long vowel आ
  • श्वाguruits long vowel आ
  • स्यैguruits long vowel ऐ
  • वंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • प्रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • थlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • विlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • होguruits long vowel ओ
  • दguruthe conjunct ग्र that follows it
  • ग्रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • शोguruits long vowel ओ
  • कांguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • सlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • खींguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • तेguruits long vowel ए
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — आश्वास्यैवं
  • yati after 10 — it falls inside the compound प्रथमविरहोदग्रशोकाम्

pāda b

  • शैguruits long vowel ऐ
  • लाguruits long vowel आ
  • दाguruits long vowel आ
  • शुguruthe conjunct त्र that follows it
  • त्रिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • यlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • वृlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • षोguruits long vowel ओ
  • त्खाguruits long vowel आ
  • तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • कूguruits long vowel ऊ
  • टाguruits long vowel आ
  • न्निlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • वृguruthe conjunct त्त that follows it
  • त्तःguruthe visarga it carries
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — शैलादाशु
  • yati after 10 — it falls inside the compound त्रिनयनवृषोत्खातकूटात्

pāda c

  • साguruits long vowel आ
  • भिguruthe conjunct ज्ञ that follows it
  • ज्ञाguruits long vowel आ
  • नguruthe conjunct प्र that follows it
  • प्रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • हिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • कुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • शlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लैguruits long vowel ऐ
  • स्तguruthe conjunct द्व that follows it
  • द्वlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • चोguruits long vowel ओ
  • भिguruthe conjunct र्म that follows it
  • र्मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • माguruits long vowel आ
  • पिlaghuits short vowel — light on its own, though the pāda ends here
  • yati after 4 — a compound member ends here, inside साभिज्ञानप्रहितकुशलैः
  • yati after 10 — it falls inside the compound साभिज्ञानप्रहितकुशलैः

pāda d

  • प्राguruits long vowel आ
  • तःguruthe visarga it carries
  • कुguruthe conjunct न्द that follows it
  • न्दguruthe conjunct प्र that follows it
  • प्रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • सlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • वlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • शिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • थिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • जीguruits long vowel ई
  • विlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • धाguruits long vowel आ
  • रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • येguruits long vowel ए
  • थाःguruthe visarga it carries
  • yati after 4 — it falls inside the compound कुन्दप्रसवशिथिलम्
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — कुन्दप्रसवशिथिलं

  • आश्वास्य + एवम् → आश्वास्यैवं

    अ + ए → ऐ

  • प्रथमविरहोदग्रशोकाम् + सखीम् → प्रथमविरहोदग्रशोकां

    म् + स्

  • सखीम् + ते → सखीं

    म् + त्

  • शैलात् + आशु → शैलादाशु

    त् + आ

  • त्रिनयनवृषोत्खातकूटात् + निवृत्तः → त्रिनयनवृषोत्खातकूटान्निवृत्तः

    त् + न्

  • साभिज्ञानप्रहितकुशलैः + तद्वचोभिः → साभिज्ञानप्रहितकुशलैस्तद्वचोभिर्ममापि

    ः + त्

  • तद्वचोभिः + मम → साभिज्ञानप्रहितकुशलैस्तद्वचोभिर्ममापि

    ः + म्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • मम + अपि → साभिज्ञानप्रहितकुशलैस्तद्वचोभिर्ममापि

    अ + अ → आ

  • कुन्दप्रसवशिथिलम् + जीवितम् → कुन्दप्रसवशिथिलं

    म् + ज्

  • जीवितम् + धारयेथाः → जीवितं

    म् + ध्

  • प्रथम + विरह → प्रथमविरहोदग्रशोकाम्

    अ + व्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • विरह + उदग्र → प्रथमविरहोदग्रशोकाम्

    अ + उ → ओ · falls inside the syllable हो

  • उदग्र + शोका → प्रथमविरहोदग्रशोकाम्

    अ + श्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • त्रि + नयन → त्रिनयनवृषोत्खातकूटात्

    इ + न्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • नयन + वृष → त्रिनयनवृषोत्खातकूटात्

    अ + व्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • वृष + उत्खात → त्रिनयनवृषोत्खातकूटात्

    अ + उ → ओ · falls inside the syllable षो

  • उत्खात + कूट → त्रिनयनवृषोत्खातकूटात्

    अ + क्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • स + अभिज्ञान → साभिज्ञानप्रहितकुशलैः

    अ + अ → आ · falls inside the syllable सा

  • अभिज्ञान + प्रहित → साभिज्ञानप्रहितकुशलैः

    अ + प्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • प्रहित + कुशल → साभिज्ञानप्रहितकुशलैः

    अ + क्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • तद् + वचस् → तद्वचोभिः

    द् + व्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • कुन्द + प्रसव → कुन्दप्रसवशिथिलम्

    अ + प्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • प्रसव + शिथिल → कुन्दप्रसवशिथिलम्

    अ + श्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

The stanza's joins are the ordinary ones. आश्वास्य + एवम् makes ऐ by Pāṇini 6.1.88 वृद्धिरेचि, an अ before ए raised to the vṛddhi vowel — आश्वास्यैवं. A word-final म् becomes anusvāra before a consonant by 8.3.23 मोऽनुस्वारः — प्रथमविरहोदग्रशोकां सखीं, कुन्दप्रसवशिथिलं जीवितं, जीवितं धारयेथाः. A final त् becomes द् before a voiced sound by 8.2.39 झलां जशोऽन्ते — शैलादाशु — and becomes न् before the nasal न् by 8.4.45 यरोऽनुनासिकेऽनुनासिको वा — त्रिनयनवृषोत्खातकूटान्निवृत्तः. A visarga becomes स् before voiceless त् by 8.3.34 विसर्जनीयस्य सः — कुशलैस्तद्वचोभिः — and मम + अपि makes the long आ by 6.1.101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः, like vowels fusing — ममापि.

  • Chinnaya Sūri, Bālavyākaraṇam — సంధిపరిచ్ఛేదము; vendor/balavyakaranam-sandhi.txt

  • सखीम् द्वितीया · accusative — the wife named as the cloud's friend, an ī-stem feminine accusative

    with प्रथमविरहोदग्रशोकाम्

    सखीम्, 'friend', is the accusative of सखी, and the possessive beside it is ते, your — the cloud's, not the husband's. Mallinātha keeps that in his own prose too, glossing तस्यास्त्वत्सख्याः, of her, your friend. The two words सखीं ते close 2.28's second pāda, twenty-five stanzas back, where the long description of the wife began, and they close this pāda where it ends; between them lies the whole of the cloud looking at her. A man has spent a hundred and eighteen stanzas turning a stranger into someone who can be trusted in his wife's bedroom, and the last thing he says of her is that she belongs to the messenger now.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.53: te sakhīm … tasyās tvatsakhyā vacobhiḥ

  • ते षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word

  • शैलात् पञ्चमी · ablative — अपादान, the point of departure

    with त्रिनयनवृषोत्खातकूटात्

  • निवृत्तः प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • तद्वचोभिः तृतीया · instrumental — करण, the instrument or cause

    with साभिज्ञानप्रहितकुशलैः

  • मम षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word

  • जीवितम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

    with कुन्दप्रसवशिथिलम्

प्रकरण 1 · हलन्त्यम्

प्रकरण 2 · इको यणचि

प्रकरण 3 · स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः

प्रकरण 4 · वा शरि

प्रकरण 5 · अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्

प्रकरण 7 · अतोऽम्

प्रकरण 8 · हो ढः

प्रकरण 11 · स्वरादिनिपातमव्ययम्

प्रकरण 12 · लः कर्मणि च भावे चाकर्मकेभ्यः

प्रकरण 22 · स्वतन्त्रः कर्ता

प्रकरण 34 · ण्वुल्तृचौ

प्रकरण 36 · तुमुन्ण्वुलौ क्रियायां क्रियार्थायाम्

प्रकरण 48 · शेषे

not in the abridgement

प्रथमविरहोदग्रशोकाम्

प्रथम · विरह · उदग्र · शोका

  1. प्रथमो विरहः

    कर्मधारय — the first separation

  2. प्रथमविरहेण उदग्रः शोकः

    तत्पुरुष (instrumental) — grief made tall by that first separation

  3. प्रथमविरहोदग्रः शोको यस्याः सा, ताम्

    बहुव्रीहि — she whose grief the first separation has made tall

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to सखीम्. her whose grief is at its height from a first parting — **प्रथम is the word doing the work**, and Mallinātha lets it stand without a gloss while glossing the rest: उदग्रशोकां तीव्रदुःखाम्, sharp-sorrowed. They have been apart eight months and it is still the first time, which is the whole reason a first separation is worse than a longer one would be later. Pāṇini 2.1.30 तृतीया तत्कृतार्थेन गुणवचनेन is what lets the instrumental member stand in front of a quality-word like उदग्र

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who unpacks प्रथमविरहेणोदग्रशोकां तीव्रदुःखाम्; Pāṇini 2.1.30 by way of skt-data's sūtra corpus, not named by him; DCS gives the members as प्रथम, विरह, उदग्र and शोका. The reading of what प्रथम does is the reader's“prathamaviraheṇodagraśokāṃ tīvraduḥkhāṃ te sakhīm”

त्रिनयनवृषोत्खातकूटात्

त्रि · नयन · वृष · उत्खात · कूट

  1. त्रीणि नयनानि यस्य सः

    बहुव्रीहि — the god who has three eyes

  2. त्रिनयनस्य वृषः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the three-eyed one's bull

  3. त्रिनयनवृषेण उत्खाताः

    तत्पुरुष (instrumental) — gouged out by that bull

  4. त्रिनयनवृषोत्खाताः कूटा यस्य सः, तस्मात्

    बहुव्रीहि — the mountain whose peaks that bull has gouged

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to शैलात्. from the mountain whose peaks Śiva's bull has torn up — a five-member compound built out of one act of vandalism, and Mallinātha unpacks every joint of it: त्रिनयनस्य त्र्यम्बकस्य वृषेण वृषभेण उत्खाता अवदारिताः कूटाः शिखराणि यस्य तस्मात्, and then names the mountain, शैलात्कैलासात्. **He settles कूट out of a lexicon** — “कूटोऽस्त्री शिखरं शृङ्गम्” इत्यमरः — because the word also means a trap, a fraud and a hammer. The bull rubbing its horns on Kailāsa is the poem's way of saying that the cloud's road home passes Śiva's house

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who unpacks त्रिनयनस्य त्र्यम्बकस्य वृषेण वृषभेणोत्खाता अवदारिताः कूटाः शिखराणि यस्य तस्मात् and quotes “कूटोऽस्त्री शिखरं शृङ्गम्” इत्यमरः; DCS gives the members as त्रिनयन, वृष, उत्खात and कूट, tagging उत्खात a participle in composition and keeping त्रिनयन as one lemma. Amara's text is not in this repository and the line cannot be checked“trinayanasya tryambakasya vṛṣeṇa vṛṣabheṇotkhātā avadāritāḥ kūṭāḥ śikharāṇi yasya tasmāt || “kūṭo 'strī śikharaṃ śṛṅgam” ityamaraḥ”

साभिज्ञानप्रहितकुशलैः

स · अभिज्ञान · प्रहित · कुशल

  1. अभिज्ञानेन सह वर्तते इति साभिज्ञानम्

    बहुव्रीहि — having a token along with it

  2. साभिज्ञानं प्रहितं कुशलं येषु तानि, तैः

    बहुव्रीहि — words in which news of her well-being has been sent with a token

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to तद्वचोभिः. with which her news is sent, and a token with it — **a स-bahuvrīhi standing adverbially inside another bahuvrīhi**, and this time Mallinātha writes the adverb marker in himself: साभिज्ञानं सलक्षणं **यथातथा** प्रहितं प्रेषितं कुशलं येषु तैः. That is the same shape as सस्वनम् and सान्तर्हासम् two stanzas back, where the स-compound qualified a verb; here it qualifies a participle inside a larger compound, which is why it does not agree with anything. **And the token is asked for back**: 2.52 gave her one, and this asks that hers come with one too

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who unpacks साभिज्ञानं सलक्षणं यथातथा प्रहितं प्रेषितं कुशलं येषु तैः; Pāṇini 2.2.28 तेन सहेति तुल्ययोगे and 6.3.82 वोपसर्जनस्य for the स by way of skt-data's sūtra corpus, neither named by him. **DCS splits the स off as a loose indeclinable** — the third stanza in three where it does that, after both compounds of 2.51“sābhijñānaṃ salakṣaṇaṃ yathātathā prahitaṃ preṣitaṃ kuśalaṃ yeṣu taiḥ”

तद्वचोभिः

तद् · वचस्

  1. तस्याः वचांसि, तैः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the words of her

तत्पुरुष. with words of hers — and Mallinātha will not let the pronoun stay a pronoun: तस्यास्त्वत्सख्या वचोभिः, *of her, your friend*. He has now called the woman the cloud's friend twice in one comment, once in the verse's own words and once in his own

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses तस्यास्त्वत्सख्या वचोभिः; DCS gives तद् as a member in composition and वचस् as the head“tasyās tvatsakhyā vacobhir mamāpi”

कुन्दप्रसवशिथिलम्

कुन्द · प्रसव · शिथिल

  1. कुन्दस्य प्रसवः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the jasmine's blossom

  2. कुन्दप्रसव इव शिथिलम्

    कर्मधारय — slack the way a jasmine blossom is

कर्मधारय — it agrees with जीवितम्. slack as a jasmine flower — a comparison folded into a compound, which Pāṇini 2.1.55 उपमानानि सामान्यवचनैः licenses when the thing compared to stands in front of the quality shared. **Mallinātha unfolds it with the particle the compound leaves out**: कुन्दप्रसवमिव शिथिलं दुर्बलम्, *slack, that is weak, like a kunda blossom*. And प्रातः is doing the work: a jasmine that has been open all night is what a night of waiting looks like from outside

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses प्रातः कुन्दप्रसवमिव शिथिलं दुर्बलम्; Pāṇini 2.1.55 by way of skt-data's sūtra corpus, not named by him; DCS gives the members as कुन्द, प्रसव and शिथिल. The reading of प्रातः is the reader's“prātaḥ kundaprasavam iva śithilaṃ durbalaṃ jīvitaṃ dhārayethāḥ”

  • √श्वस् + णिच् + ल्यप्

    आश्वास्य

    printed आश्वास्यैवं

    आ + √श्वस् + णिच्

    having consoled — literally *having made her breathe again*, on the same root that stood at 2.38 as प्रत्याश्वस्ताम्, where the cloud's cool wind revived her. **The root opens and closes the errand**: there the cloud brought her round so that it could speak, and here it is asked to leave her comforted so that it can go

  • अव्यय

    एवम्

    printed आश्वास्यैवं

    एवम्

    in this way — and Mallinātha says which way: पूर्वोक्तरीत्या, *by the manner stated before*, which is the whole message from 2.39 to 2.52. **One syllable of the verse stands for fourteen stanzas**, and only a commentator can say how many

  • ā-stem feminine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    प्रथमविरहोदग्रशोकाम्

    printed प्रथमविरहोदग्रशोकां

    प्रथम + विरह + उदग्र + शोका

    her whose grief a first parting has made tall — the epithet that stands where 2.28 had निर्विनोदाम्, *with nothing to distract her*. Both are accusatives in front of सखीं ते, and between them lie the twenty-four stanzas that describe her

  • ī-stem feminine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    सखीम्

    printed सखीं

    सखी

    friend — **and she is the cloud's friend, not his.** The two words सखीं ते stand at the end of a pāda here and at the end of 2.28's second pāda, twenty-five stanzas apart, and everything between them is the cloud looking at her. Mallinātha keeps it in his own prose as well: तस्यास्त्वत्सख्याः, *of her, your friend*. **A man has spent a hundred and eighteen stanzas making a stranger into someone who would be trusted in his wife's bedroom**, and the last thing he says about her is that she belongs to the messenger now

    The last thing he says about his wife is that she is the cloud's friend. सखीं ते — and those two words stood at the end of 2.28's second pāda, twenty-five stanzas back, when the description of her began. Mallinātha keeps it in his own prose too, तस्यास्त्वत्सख्याः, of her, your friend. A man has spent a hundred and eighteen stanzas turning a stranger into someone who can be trusted in his wife's bedroom, and the poem records the result in an enclitic pronoun. The epithet in front of it, प्रथमविरहोदग्रशोकाम्, is where 2.28 had निर्विनोदाम्, with nothing to distract her — and between the two epithets lie the twenty-four stanzas that describe her.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.53: prathamaviraheṇodagraśokāṃ tīvraduḥkhāṃ te sakhīm … tasyās tvatsakhyā vacobhiḥ

  • pronoun, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular

    ते

    युष्मद्

    your — the cloud's, and the whole weight of the stanza is in this one enclitic. It is the possessive that makes सखी mean what it means here

  • a-stem masculine, पञ्चमी एकवचन ablative singular

    शैलात्

    printed शैलादाशु

    शैल

    from the mountain — and Mallinātha names it, शैलात्कैलासात्. The verse does not: it identifies Kailāsa by whose bull scratches it, which is a way of naming a place by what lives there

  • अव्यय

    आशु

    printed शैलादाशु

    आशु

    quickly — the one word of impatience in the request, and Mallinātha passes over it. It is what turns a favour asked into a favour asked urgently: the man's life is being made to depend on how fast the cloud comes back

  • a-stem masculine, पञ्चमी एकवचन ablative singular

    त्रिनयनवृषोत्खातकूटात्

    printed त्रिनयनवृषोत्खातकूटान्निवृत्तः

    त्रि + नयन + वृष + उत्खात + कूट

    whose peaks Śiva's bull has gouged — describing शैलात्, and the picture is domestic rather than grand: a bull rubbing its horns on a mountain the way cattle rub on a post, except that the mountain is Kailāsa and the bull is Nandin

    One five-member compound is built out of a single act of vandalism, and Mallinātha unpacks every joint: त्रिनयनस्य त्र्यम्बकस्य वृषेण वृषभेण उत्खाता अवदारिताः कूटाः शिखराणि यस्य तस्मात्, and then names the mountain, शैलात्कैलासात्. He settles कूट out of a lexicon — “कूटोऽस्त्री शिखरं शृङ्गम्” इत्यमरः — because the word also means a trap, a fraud and a hammer. The picture is domestic rather than grand: a bull rubbing its horns on a mountain the way cattle rub on a post, except that the mountain is Kailāsa and the bull is Śiva's Nandin — the verse's way of saying the cloud's road home passes the god's house.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.53: trinayanasya tryambakasya vṛṣeṇa vṛṣabheṇotkhātā avadāritāḥ kūṭāḥ śikharāṇi yasya tasmāt || “kūṭo 'strī śikharaṃ śṛṅgam” ityamaraḥ

  • √वृत् + क्त, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    निवृत्तः

    printed त्रिनयनवृषोत्खातकूटान्निवृत्तः

    नि + √वृत्

    turned back — a real क्त, and Mallinātha glosses it with a participle of the same root and a different preverb, प्रत्यावृत्तः, and writes सन् beside it so that the participle is the circumstance and not the predicate. **The verse's only finite verb is in the last word**, and everything before it is what the cloud will have done by then

  • a-stem neuter, तृतीया बहुवचन instrumental plural

    साभिज्ञानप्रहितकुशलैः

    printed साभिज्ञानप्रहितकुशलैस्तद्वचोभिर्ममापि

    स + अभिज्ञान + प्रहित + कुशल

    carrying her news and a token with it — **the errand comes back symmetrical.** He gave her a token to know him by at 2.52; here he asks that her answer come with one too, so that he can know her. Mallinātha glosses अभिज्ञान with the same word he used there, लक्षण, a mark

    The request is symmetrical with the errand, which is what makes it a request and not an afterthought. He gave her a token to know him by at 2.52; here he asks that her answer come साभिज्ञान, with a token of hers too, so that he can know it is hers. Mallinātha glosses अभिज्ञान with the same word he used there, लक्षण, a mark, and writes the adverb marker in himself: साभिज्ञानं सलक्षणं यथातथा प्रहितं कुशलं येषु तैः. And what he asks for himself is one line long — ममापि, mine too, hers having been propped already — a man asking not to be rescued but to be kept alive by a sentence.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.53: sābhijñānaṃ salakṣaṇaṃ yathātathā prahitaṃ preṣitaṃ kuśalaṃ yeṣu taiḥ

  • as-stem neuter, तृतीया बहुवचन instrumental plural

    तद्वचोभिः

    printed साभिज्ञानप्रहितकुशलैस्तद्वचोभिर्ममापि

    तद् + वचस्

    with words of hers — the instrument of the last verb: her words are what his life is to be propped up with. **This is the only thing the yakṣa asks for himself in the whole poem**, and it is not a rescue but a sentence or two

  • pronoun, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular

    मम

    printed साभिज्ञानप्रहितकुशलैस्तद्वचोभिर्ममापि

    अस्मद्

    my — going with जीवितम् two pādas later. The genitive is held back across a pāda boundary, which is what makes the last line arrive as a surprise: it is his own life he has been getting round to

  • अव्यय

    अपि

    printed साभिज्ञानप्रहितकुशलैस्तद्वचोभिर्ममापि

    अपि

    too — *hers has been held up, now hold mine up as well*. The particle is what makes the request a second one rather than the first, and it depends on the cloud having done the whole errand before it is uttered

  • अव्यय

    प्रातः

    प्रातर्

    at dawn — and it belongs to the flower and not to the verb: Mallinātha's anvaya reads प्रातः कुन्दप्रसवमिव, *like a jasmine blossom in the morning*. A kunda opens at night, so a kunda at dawn is one that has been open all night, which is the exact figure for a life that has got through another one

  • a-stem neuter, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    कुन्दप्रसवशिथिलम्

    printed कुन्दप्रसवशिथिलं

    कुन्द + प्रसव + शिथिल

    slack as a jasmine blossom — Mallinātha glosses शिथिलम् as दुर्बलम्, weak, and supplies the इव the compound swallowed. **The image is of something still there and no longer holding**, which is the difference between a life he is asking to be saved and a life he is asking to be propped

  • a-stem neuter, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    जीवितम्

    printed जीवितं

    जीवित

    life — a क्त of √जीव् used as a noun, *what is lived*, and Mallinātha lets it stand. It is the object of the one imperative-in-effect the stanza has, and the thing being asked for at the end of a hundred and thirteen verses is nothing grander than staying alive until the answer comes

  • √धृ, class 1, विधिलिङ्, atmanepada, second person singular

    धारयेथाः

    √धृ + णिच्

    hold it up — the causative optative, glossed स्थापय, *set it in place*. **And Mallinātha names the sense the mood is in for the third time in this family**: प्रार्थनायां लिङ्, the optative in the sense of a request, one of the seven Pāṇini 3.3.161 lists. He said the same of उपनमेत् at 2.31 and said प्रार्थनायां लोट् of अन्वास्य's stanza at 2.37. **The poem asks for something three times and the tagging is identical in kind all three**: DCS records the lakāra and can record nothing else

    The errand reverses here, and Mallinātha marks it before the stanza starts. His transition reads इत्थं स्वकुशलं सन्दिश्य तत्कुशलसन्देशानयनमिदानीं याचते — having thus sent word of his own well-being, he now begs for the bringing of a message of hers. Everything from 2.39 has been a man talking; from here he is asking for an answer. And the verb is धारयेथाः, glossed स्थापय, set it in place — not saved, not restored, propped. He names the mood's sense प्रार्थनायां लिङ्, the optative of a request, the third time the poem asks for something and the third time the tag is only the mood.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.53: itthaṃ svakuśalaṃ sandiśya tatkuśalasandeśānayanam idānīṃ yācate … dhārayethāḥ sthāpaya | prārthanāyāṃ liṅ

प्रथमविरहोदग्रशोकाम् · ते · सखीम् · एवम् · आश्वास्य · त्रिनयनवृषोत्खातकूटात् · शैलात् · आशु · निवृत्तः · सन् [supplied] · साभिज्ञानप्रहितकुशलैः · तद्वचोभिः · मम · अपि · प्रातः · कुन्दप्रसवशिथिलम् · जीवितम् · धारयेथाः

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, whose commentary runs as anvaya. **One word is supplied and it is not marked**: सन्, written in after निवृत्तः so that the participle is the circumstance rather than a second predicate — the same job सती did after रुदती at 2.51, and the second unmarked one in three stanzas. What he moves is little. He brings the epithet in front of ते सखीम् where the verse has it there already, takes the long compound up before शैलात् where the verse writes शैलात् first, and leaves the whole last pāda in its printed order. **The verse is already close to prose**, which is what a stanza does when it stops describing and starts asking“prathamaviraheṇodagraśokāṃ tīvraduḥkhāṃ te sakhīm evaṃ pūrvoktarītyāśvāsya … trinayanasya tryambakasya vṛṣeṇa vṛṣabheṇotkhātā avadāritāḥ kūṭāḥ śikharāṇi yasya tasmāt … śailāt kailāsād āśu nivṛttaḥ san pratyāvṛttaḥ san sābhijñānaṃ salakṣaṇaṃ yathātathā prahitaṃ preṣitaṃ kuśalaṃ yeṣu tais tasyās tvatsakhyā vacobhir mamāpi prātaḥ kundaprasavam iva śithilaṃ durbalaṃ jīvitaṃ dhārayethāḥ sthāpaya | prārthanāyāṃ liṅ”

the dependency structure

धारयेथाः · क्रिया — hold it up, स्थापय; the stanza's one finite verb, a causative optative (√धृ made causative — धारय्, 'cause to hold') in the sense of a request, which Mallinātha names प्रार्थनायां लिङ्. It governs जीवितम्, my life, and everything before it is what the cloud will have done by the time it is asked — comforted her, and turned back

जीवितम् · कर्म — life; the object of the request, and the thing asked for at the end of a hundred and thirteen verses is nothing grander than staying alive until an answer comes. A क्त of √जीव् used as a noun, what is lived

मम · षष्ठी — my; held back across a pāda boundary, so the last line arrives as a surprise — it is his own life he has been getting round to. Mallinātha writes ममापि for the enclitic, which the metre confirms against DCS's मे

अपि · — too; hers has been held up already, now hold mine up as well — the particle that makes the request a second one

कुन्दप्रसवशिथिलम् · agreeing with जीवितम् — slack as a jasmine blossom, कुन्दप्रसवमिव शिथिलं दुर्बलम्; a simile folded into a compound, a life still there and no longer holding

प्रातः · — at dawn; it belongs to the flower, not the verb — प्रातः कुन्दप्रसवमिव. A kunda opens at night, so a kunda at dawn is one that has been open all night, the figure for a life that has got through another one

तद्वचोभिः · करण — with words of hers, तस्यास्त्वत्सख्या वचोभिः; the instrument the life is to be propped up with. This is the only thing the yakṣa asks for himself in the whole poem, and it is not a rescue but a sentence or two

साभिज्ञानप्रहितकुशलैः · agreeing with तद्वचोभिः — carrying her news, and a token with it, साभिज्ञानं सलक्षणं यथातथा प्रहितं कुशलं येषु तैः; the errand comes back symmetrical — he gave her a token at 2.52, here he asks that her answer come with one too

आश्वास्य · पूर्वकालक्रिया — having consoled, एवं पूर्वोक्तरीत्याश्वास्य; a causative absolutive, 'having made her breathe again'. The root is 2.38's प्रत्याश्वस्ताम् — there the cloud brought her round so it could speak, here it leaves her comforted so it can go

सखीम् · कर्म — friend; and she is the cloud's friend, not his — Mallinātha keeps it in his own prose, तस्यास्त्वत्सख्याः. सखीं ते stood at the end of 2.28's second pāda, twenty-five stanzas back, where the description of her began

ते · षष्ठी — your; the cloud's, and the whole weight of the stanza is in this enclitic — it is what makes सखी mean what it means here

प्रथमविरहोदग्रशोकाम् · agreeing with सखीम् — whose grief a first parting has made tall, प्रथमविरहेणोदग्रशोकां तीव्रदुःखाम्; प्रथम does the work — a first separation, still the first after eight months, is worse than a later one

एवम् · — in this way, पूर्वोक्तरीत्या; and Mallinātha says which way — by the manner stated before, the whole message from 2.39 to 2.52. One syllable stands for fourteen stanzas

निवृत्तः · agreeing with the cloud — turned back, प्रत्यावृत्तः; a क्त with सन् written beside it, so it is the circumstance and not the predicate. The cloud is to comfort her, come home, and then prop the man — three acts in order, the verb only for the last

सन् · supplied — being; the participle Mallinātha adds so निवृत्तः is the circumstance rather than a second predicate

शैलात् · अपादान — from the mountain, शैलात्कैलासात्; the verse does not name Kailāsa, it identifies it by whose bull scratches it

त्रिनयनवृषोत्खातकूटात् · agreeing with शैलात् — whose peaks Śiva's bull has gouged, त्रिनयनस्य वृषेण उत्खाताः कूटाः यस्य; a bull rubbing its horns on a mountain the way cattle rub on a post, except the mountain is Kailāsa

आशु · — quickly; the one word of impatience in the request, which Mallinātha passes over. It makes the man's life depend on how fast the cloud comes back

uncheckedthe reader's reading, following Mallinātha's Sañjīvinī for the anvaya, which needs सन् supplied; he glosses प्रथमविरहोदग्रशोकाम् as तीव्रदुःखाम्, एवम् as पूर्वोक्तरीत्या, unpacks त्रिनयनवृषोत्खातकूटात् with the Amara line for कूट and names शैलात्कैलासात्, glosses निवृत्तः as प्रत्यावृत्तः सन्, साभिज्ञानप्रहितकुशलैः as सलक्षणं यथातथा प्रहितं कुशलं, तद्वचोभिः as तस्यास्त्वत्सख्या वचोभिः, कुन्दप्रसवशिथिलम् as दुर्बलम् with the इव supplied, and धारयेथाः as स्थापय (प्रार्थनायां लिङ्); his transition इत्थं स्वकुशलं सन्दिश्य … याचते marks the reversal of the errand; the Telugu drawn from Vedam Venkataraya Sastri's Āndhra Meghasandeśam. The tree roots at धारयेथाः, the request the whole stanza builds to, with आश्वास्य and निवृत्तः as the prior acts. No figure is named.

*Having comforted your friend that way, whose grief a first parting has made tall, and turned back quickly from the mountain whose peaks Śiva's bull has gouged, hold up my life too — slack as a jasmine flower at dawn — with words of hers, sent with a token.* **The errand reverses here, and Mallinātha marks it before the stanza starts.** His transition reads इत्थं स्वकुशलं सन्दिश्य तत्कुशलसन्देशानयनमिदानीं याचते — *having thus sent word of his own well-being, he now begs for the bringing of a message of hers.* The corpus's own place caption changes at the same verse, from संदेश to प्रत्यागमन. Everything from 2.39 has been a man talking; from here he is asking for an answer. **The last thing he says about his wife is that she is the cloud's friend.** सखीं ते — and those two words stood at the end of 2.28's second pāda, twenty-five stanzas back, when the description of her began. Mallinātha keeps it in his own prose too, तस्यास्त्वत्सख्याः, *of her, your friend*. A man has spent a hundred and eighteen stanzas turning a stranger into someone who can be trusted in his wife's bedroom, and the poem records the result in an enclitic pronoun. **And what he asks for himself is one line long.** ममापि — *mine too*, hers having been held up already — and the verb is धारयेथाः, glossed स्थापय, *set it in place*. Not saved, not restored: propped. The life is कुन्दप्रसवशिथिलम्, slack as a jasmine blossom, with प्रातः doing the work — a kunda opens at night, so a kunda at dawn is one that has been open all night, and the figure is a thing that is still there and no longer holding. **He names the mood's sense for the third time.** प्रार्थनायां लिङ्, the optative in the sense of a request, one of the seven Pāṇini 3.3.161 lists — after the same remark on उपनमेत् at 2.31 and प्रार्थनायां लोट् at 2.37. Three times the poem asks for something, and DCS's tag is the lakāra all three times and can be nothing more. **The one place a witness is refuted by the metre alone is here.** DCS's surface column reads मे where the page prints मम, an enclitic for a full form; मेऽपि leaves the pāda a syllable short of seventeen. Every earlier error in that column — `ucCvi` at 2.24, `pakzman` at 2.30, `sAray` at 2.32, `spandin` and `akzAyAH` at 2.35, `svaram` at 2.51 — needed a grammar to catch. This one needs a count. **The stanza is built out of other stanzas' words.** आश्वास्य is the root that stood at 2.38 as प्रत्याश्वस्ताम्, where the cloud's wind brought her round before it spoke; अभिज्ञान is 2.52's word, asked for now in the other direction, so that her answer can be known to be hers. The whole request is symmetrical with the errand, which is what makes it a request and not an afterthought. No figure is named.

uncheckedthe reader's reading, following Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī's gloss. His are: प्रथमविरहेणोदग्रशोकां तीव्रदुःखाम्, एवं पूर्वोक्तरीत्या, the whole unpacking of त्रिनयनवृषोत्खातकूटात् with the Amara line for कूट, शैलात्कैलासात्, निवृत्तः सन्प्रत्यावृत्तः सन्, साभिज्ञानं सलक्षणं यथातथा प्रहितं प्रेषितं कुशलं येषु तैः, तस्यास्त्वत्सख्या वचोभिः, प्रातः कुन्दप्रसवमिव शिथिलं दुर्बलम्, धारयेथाः स्थापय with प्रार्थनायां लिङ्, and the transition इत्थं स्वकुशलं सन्दिश्य तत्कुशलसन्देशानयनमिदानीं याचते. That सखीं ते closes 2.28's second pāda, that the metre refutes DCS's मे, that the root of आश्वास्य stood at 2.38 and that a kunda at dawn has been open all night are the reader's. Pāṇini 3.3.161, 2.1.30, 2.1.55, 2.2.28 and 6.3.82 are by way of skt-data's sūtra corpus, only 3.3.161 named by him. Amara's text is not in this repository and the line cannot be checked; his gloss उपजीव्य beside आश्वास्य does not construe in the transcription and is logged in `.autopilot/blocked.md`“itthaṃ svakuśalaṃ sandiśya tatkuśalasandeśānayanam idānīṃ yācate”

Having comforted your friend that way — whose grief a first parting has made tall — and turned back quickly from the mountain whose peaks Śiva's bull has gouged, hold up my life too, slack as a jasmine flower at dawn, with words of hers, sent with a token. The stanza is the poem turning round: after a hundred-odd verses of a man giving directions, he finally asks for something, and it is small. Not to be saved, but propped; not with a rescue, but with a sentence or two of hers, carried back with a token so he can be sure it is hers.

  • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.53, whole-verse gloss

No figure is named for this verse by the commentary this reading follows, so none is shown.