मेघदूतम् · कालिदास · 2.50

संदेश · four months, and the autumn nights after

शापान्तो मे भुजगशयनादुत्थिते शार्ङ्गपाणौ

शा
पा
न्तो
मे
भु
ज
ग
श
य
ना
दु
त्थि
ते
शा
र्ङ्ग
पा
णौ

शेषान्मासान् गमय चतुरो लोचने मीलयित्वा

शे
षा
न्मा
सा
न्ग
म
य
च
तु
रो
लो
च
ने
मी
ल
यि
त्वा

पश्चादावां विरहगुणितं तं तमात्माभिलाषं

प
श्चा
दा
वां
वि
र
ह
गु
णि
तं
तं
त
मा
त्मा
भि
ला
षं

निर्वेक्ष्यावः परिणतशरच्चन्द्रिकासु क्षपासु

नि
र्वे
क्ष्या
वः
प
रि
ण
त
श
र
च्च
न्द्रि
का
सु
क्ष
पा
सु

pāda a

  • शाguruits long vowel आ
  • पाguruits long vowel आ
  • न्तोguruits long vowel ओ
  • मेguruits long vowel ए
  • भुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • जlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • गlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • शlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • यlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नाguruits long vowel आ
  • दुguruthe conjunct त्थ that follows it
  • त्थिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तेguruits long vowel ए
  • शाguruits long vowel आ
  • र्ङ्गlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • पाguruits long vowel आ
  • णौguruits long vowel औ
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — मे
  • yati after 10 — it falls inside the compound भुजगशयनात्

pāda b

  • शेguruits long vowel ए
  • षाguruits long vowel आ
  • न्माguruits long vowel आ
  • साguruits long vowel आ
  • न्गlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • यlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • चlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रोguruits long vowel ओ
  • लोguruits long vowel ओ
  • चlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नेguruits long vowel ए
  • मीguruits long vowel ई
  • लlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • यिguruthe conjunct त्व that follows it
  • त्वाguruits long vowel आ
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — शेषान्मासान्
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — चतुरो

pāda c

  • पguruthe conjunct श्च that follows it
  • श्चाguruits long vowel आ
  • दाguruits long vowel आ
  • वांguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • विlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • हlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • गुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • णिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • तंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • माguruits long vowel आ
  • त्माguruits long vowel आ
  • भिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लाguruits long vowel आ
  • षंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — पश्चादावां
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — विरहगुणितं

pāda d

  • निguruthe conjunct र्व that follows it
  • र्वेguruits long vowel ए
  • क्ष्याguruits long vowel आ
  • वःguruthe visarga it carries
  • पlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • णlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • शlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रguruthe conjunct च्च that follows it
  • च्चguruthe conjunct न्द्र that follows it
  • न्द्रिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • काguruits long vowel आ
  • सुguruthe conjunct क्ष that follows it
  • क्षlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • पाguruits long vowel आ
  • सुlaghuits short vowel — light on its own, though the pāda ends here
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — निर्वेक्ष्यावः
  • yati after 10 — it falls inside the compound परिणतशरच्चन्द्रिकासु

भुजगशयनात् + उत्थिते makes भुजगशयनादुत्थिते, the final त् voicing to द् before the vowel by Pāṇini 8.2.39 झलां जशोऽन्ते, and पश्चात् + आवाम् makes पश्चादावां the same way. शापान्तः + मे makes शापान्तो, and चतुरः + मासान् makes चतुरो, the visarga after अ becoming ओ before a voiced sound by 6.1.114 हशि च. A word-final म् becomes anusvāra before a consonant by 8.3.23 मोऽनुस्वारः — पश्चादावां, विरहगुणितं तं, तं तम्, तमात्माभिलाषं — and is kept before a vowel, तमात्माभिलाषम्. Inside the compound शरद् + चन्द्रिका makes शरच्चन्द्रिका, the द् becoming च् before the palatal च् by श्चुत्व, 8.4.40 स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः.

  • Chinnaya Sūri, Bālavyākaraṇam — సంధిపరిచ్ఛేదము; vendor/balavyakaranam-sandhi.txt
  • Aṣṭādhyāyī — 8.2.39 झलां जशोऽन्ते; 6.1.114 हशि च; 8.3.23 मोऽनुस्वारः; 8.4.40 स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः
  • शापान्तः प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • मे षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word

  • भुजगशयनात् पञ्चमी · ablative — अपादान, the point of departure

  • उत्थिते सप्तमी · locative — a locative absolute completed by a supplied सति

    उत्थिते, 'when he has risen', heads a locative absolute — a clause set in the seventh case that gives the time of the main sentence: *the god being risen*, then the curse ends. The construction wants a participle of √अस्, to be, alongside, and the verse does not print it, so Mallinātha writes it in: उत्थिते सति. With that सति supplied — the fifth in the canto, after 2.35, 2.37, 2.40 and 2.41 — the locative शार्ङ्गपाणौ and the ablative भुजगशयनात् resolve into a full subordinate clause. उत्थित is √स्था with उद् and the participle affix क्त, active in sense as क्त is for verbs of motion and rest, and the same √स्था that stood in स्थ at 2.41's रामगिर्याश्रमस्थः.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.50: bhujagaḥ śeṣa eva śayanaṃ tasmād utthite sati me śāpāntaḥ
  • शेषान् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

  • मासान् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

  • चतुरः द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

  • लोचने द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

  • आवाम् प्रथमा · nominative — an एकशेष of the first person by 1.2.72, the survivor fixed by a second line

    आवाम्, 'we two', is त्वं च अहं च — you and I — left as a single word, and Mallinātha derives it in full. By “त्यदादीनि सर्वैर्नित्यम्”, Pāṇini 1.2.72, a pronoun of the त्यद् class standing coordinated with anything else always survives alone as the एकशेष, the 'single remainder'. Which of the two coordinated pronouns is kept is settled by a second line he cites, “त्यदादीनां मिथो द्वन्द्वे यत्परं तच्छिष्यते”, the later one is retained — इत्यस्मदः शेषः, so अस्मद्, the first person, is what is left. The word for the two of them together is grammatically the remains of *I* after *you* is absorbed into it. It is the second dual pronoun of the message, after नौ at 2.45.

    • Aṣṭādhyāyī — 1.2.72 त्यदादीनि सर्वैर्नित्यम्
    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.50: tvaṃ cāhaṃ cāvām || “tyadādīni sarvair nityam” ityekaśeṣaḥ || “tyadādīnāṃ mitho dvandve yat paraṃ tac chiṣyate” ity asmadaḥ śeṣaḥ
  • तम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

  • तम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

  • आत्माभिलाषम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

    with विरहगुणितम्

  • क्षपासु सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location

    with परिणतशरच्चन्द्रिकासु

प्रकरण 1 · हलन्त्यम्

प्रकरण 2 · इको यणचि

प्रकरण 3 · स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः

प्रकरण 4 · वा शरि

प्रकरण 5 · अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्

प्रकरण 7 · अतोऽम्

प्रकरण 11 · स्वरादिनिपातमव्ययम्

प्रकरण 12 · लः कर्मणि च भावे चाकर्मकेभ्यः

प्रकरण 21 · सत्यापपाशरूपवीणातूलश्लोकसेनालोमत्वचवर्मवर्णचूर्णचुरादिभ्यो णिच्

प्रकरण 22 · स्वतन्त्रः कर्ता

प्रकरण 34 · ण्वुल्तृचौ

प्रकरण 36 · तुमुन्ण्वुलौ क्रियायां क्रियार्थायाम्

प्रकरण 48 · शेषे

प्रकरण 59 · इवे प्रतिकृतौ

not in the abridgement

शापान्तः

शाप · अन्त

  1. शापस्य अन्तः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the end of the curse

तत्पुरुष. the curse's end — Mallinātha glosses शापावसानम्, changing only the second member, and **supplies the verb the sentence has none of**: भविष्यतीति शेषः, *will be, is to be supplied*. **The word शाप has not been said since 1.1**, where the curse was given and the poem's whole distance made; it comes back in the first word of the stanza that ends it

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses मे शापान्तः शापावसानम् । भविष्यतीति शेषः; DCS gives the members as शाप and अन्त. That the word returns from 1.1 is the reader's“utthite sati me śāpāntaḥ śāpāvasānam | bhaviṣyatīti śeṣaḥ”

भुजगशयनात्

भुजग · शयन

  1. भुजगः एव शयनम्, तस्मात्

    कर्मधारय — the snake that is the bed

कर्मधारय. from the snake he sleeps on — **and Mallinātha's एव is what fixes the relation**: भुजगः शेष एव शयनम्, *the snake, that is Śeṣa, is himself the bed*. Not a bed made of a snake or belonging to one: the snake is the bed. He also names the snake, which the verse does not — शेष, the thousand-headed serpent Viṣṇu sleeps on between the ages, and the word is the same one the second pāda uses for the *remaining* months

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses भुजगः शेष एव शयनं तस्मात्; DCS gives the members as भुजग and शयन. That the snake's name is the second pāda's adjective is the reader's“bhujagaḥ śeṣa eva śayanaṃ tasmād utthite sati”

शार्ङ्गपाणौ

शार्ङ्ग · पाणि

  1. पाणौ शार्ङ्गं यस्य सः, तस्मिन्

    बहुव्रीहि — he who has the Śārṅga bow in his hand

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to विष्णौ. in the hand of him who holds the Śārṅga — **and Mallinātha names two rules on one compound.** First that it is a bahuvrīhi at all, by “सप्तमीविशेषणे-” इत्यादिना — Pāṇini 2.2.35 सप्तमीविशेषणे बहुव्रीहौ, which puts the locative word first. Then, since the locative word here stands *second*, he licenses the inversion: “प्रहरणार्थेभ्यः परे निष्ठासप्तम्यौ भवतः” इति वक्तव्यात् **पाणिशब्दस्योत्तरनिपातः**, after words meaning a weapon the निष्ठा and the locative come after. He supplies the god's name, विष्णौ, which the verse never says

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who unpacks पाणौ शार्ङ्गं यस्य स तस्मिञ्शार्ङ्गपाणौ विष्णौ, names “सप्तमीविशेषणे-” इत्यादिना बहुव्रीहिः and cites “प्रहरणार्थेभ्यः परे निष्ठासप्तम्यौ भवतः” इति वक्तव्यात्पाणिशब्दस्योत्तरनिपातः; Pāṇini 2.2.35 by way of skt-data's sūtra corpus. The वक्तव्य is not in that corpus under its own words, which is what a vārttika looks like there. DCS gives शार्ङ्गपाणि as one lemma and marks no members; the word it points at is not in the verse and is supplied here, as at 1.6“pāṇau śārṅgaṃ yasya sa tasmiñ śārṅgapāṇau viṣṇau || “saptamīviśeṣaṇe-” ityādinā bahuvrīhiḥ”

विरहगुणितम्

विरह · गुणित

  1. विरहे गुणितम्

    तत्पुरुष (locative) — multiplied up during the separation

तत्पुरुष — it agrees with आत्माभिलाषम्. grown by multiplication all the while apart — गुणित is the participle of the causative of √गुण्, *to multiply*, and the arithmetical word is exact: not that the longing grew but that it was multiplied out, term by term. Mallinātha glosses it as rehearsal, **एवमेवं करिष्यावः इति मनस्यावर्तितम्**, *turned over in the mind as: we shall do this and this*. That is the same verb आवर्तित he used one stanza back for बहु विगणयन्, and the two stanzas' arithmetic is the same man's

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses विरहे गुणितमेवमेवं करिष्याव इति मनस्यावर्तितम् — the copy reads करिष्यातीति; DCS gives the members as विरह and गुणय्, lemmatising the second as the causative stem. The link to 2.49 is the reader's“virahe guṇitam evam evaṃ kariṣyāv[a] iti manasy āvartitam”

आत्माभिलाषम्

आत्मन् · अभिलाष

  1. आत्मनोः अभिलाषः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the longing of the two of us

तत्पुरुष. the longing of us both — **and the first member is a dual, which the compound cannot show.** Mallinātha writes it out: आत्मनोः **आवयोः** अभिलाषम्, of ourselves, of the two of us. Inside a compound आत्मन् has no number, so the fact that the desire belongs to both of them has to be read off the आवाम् in the pāda above. He glosses the second member मनोरथम्, the word he used for सङ्कल्प at 2.42 and प्रार्थना at 2.48

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses आत्मनोरावयोरभिलाषं मनोरथम्; DCS gives the members as आत्मन् and अभिलाष. That the compound cannot show the dual is the reader's“ātmanor āvayor abhilāṣaṃ manoratham”

परिणतशरच्चन्द्रिकासु

परिणत · शरद् · चन्द्रिका

  1. शरदः चन्द्रिका

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the moonlight of autumn

  2. परिणता शरच्चन्द्रिका यासां ताः, तासु

    बहुव्रीहि — the nights whose autumn moonlight has come to its full

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to क्षपासु. whose autumn moonlight is at the full — Mallinātha unpacks it word for word, परिणताः शरच्चन्द्रिका यासां तासु. **The first member is the one his long closing argument turns on**: परिणत is *ripened, come round to its end*, and he uses it to answer an objection about the calendar — the verse does not say autumn *begins* after the four months, it says the nights are ones whose autumn moonlight has matured, and autumn runs to the end of Kārttika

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who unpacks परिणताः शरच्चन्द्रिका यासां तासु क्षपासु रात्रिषु and later argues आकार्तिकसमाप्तेः शरत्कालानुवृत्तेः परिणतशरच्चन्द्रिकास्वित्युक्तम्; DCS gives the members as परिणम्, शरद् and चन्द्रिका, lemmatising the first as the root with its preverb“pariṇatāḥ śaraccandrikā yāsāṃ tāsu kṣapāsu rātriṣu”

  • a-stem masculine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    शापान्तः

    printed शापान्तो

    अन्त

    the end of the curse — the subject of a sentence with no verb; Mallinātha supplies भविष्यति, *will be*. **It is the first word of the message that looks past the message**: everything from 2.41 has been the present tense of a man on a hill, and this is a future in a nominal sentence, with the verb left out

  • pronoun, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular

    मे

    printed शापान्तो

    अस्मद्

    my — the enclitic genitive, third time in six stanzas after 2.45 and 2.48, and the last time the message speaks of him alone: from the third pāda on the pronouns are dual

  • a-stem neuter, पञ्चमी एकवचन ablative singular

    भुजगशयनात्

    printed भुजगशयनादुत्थिते

    शयन

    from his snake-bed — an ablative of the place risen from. **भुजग is *the crooked-goer***, a description used as a name for a snake, and Mallinātha replaces it with the proper name, शेष. The whole stanza's date rests on this: Viṣṇu sleeps through the four months of the rains and wakes on the eleventh of Kārttika

  • √स्था + क्त, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    उत्थिते

    printed भुजगशयनादुत्थिते

    उत्थित, from √स्था with उद् and क्त

    when he has risen — a locative absolute, and Mallinātha writes in the सति the construction wants: उत्थिते **सति**. It is the fifth time in the canto that word has had to be supplied, after 2.35, 2.37, 2.40 and 2.41. The participle is active in sense, as क्त is for verbs of motion and state, and the root is the same √स्था that stood in स्थ at 2.41's रामगिर्याश्रमस्थः

  • i-stem masculine, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    शार्ङ्गपाणौ

    शार्ङ्गपाणि

    when the bow-holder — the locative absolute's subject, and the god is named by his weapon and not by his name. Mallinātha supplies the name, **विष्णौ**, and then spends more words on the compound's word order than on the god: the second member is पाणि where the rule would put it first, and he cites a वक्तव्य to allow it. शार्ङ्ग is *made of horn*, the bow Viṣṇu carries

  • a-stem masculine, द्वितीया बहुवचन accusative plural

    शेषान्

    printed शेषान्मासान्

    शेष

    the ones left — glossed अवशिष्टान्, remaining. **The word is the snake's name one pāda earlier**, in a different sense of the same root √शिष्, *what is left over*: Śeṣa is the remainder that survives the dissolution of the world. The verse uses both senses within seven syllables and says nothing about it

    शेषान्, *the ones left*, Mallinātha glosses अवशिष्टान्, remaining — the four months still to run of the curse. But the same syllables are a name one pāda above: भुजग, the snake Viṣṇu sleeps on, is शेष, and Mallinātha supplies that name in his gloss. Both words come from √शिष्, *to be left over* — Śeṣa is the remainder that survives the dissolution of the world, and the months are the remainder of the curse's term. The verse uses both senses within seven syllables and says nothing about it.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.50: śeṣān avaśiṣṭāṃś caturo māsān
  • a-stem masculine, द्वितीया बहुवचन accusative plural

    मासान्

    printed शेषान्मासान्

    मास

    months — the object of the imperative, an accusative of duration. **Mallinātha dates them exactly**: मेघदर्शनप्रभृति हरिबोधनदिनान्तम्, from the sighting of the cloud to the day Hari wakes. And he answers the arithmetic before it is raised: दशदिवसाधिक्यं त्वत्र न विवक्षितम्, the extra ten days are not meant — the first canto opened on the first day of Āṣāḍha and Viṣṇu wakes on the eleventh of Kārttika

    मासान्, *months*, is the object of the imperative, an accusative of duration, and the first thing in the message with a date on it. Mallinātha fixes the span in seven words — मेघदर्शनप्रभृति हरिबोधनदिनान्तम्, from the sighting of the cloud to the day Hari wakes — and then closes the arithmetic before anyone opens it: दशदिवसाधिक्यं त्वत्र न विवक्षितम्, the extra ten days are not meant. The poem opened on the first day of Āṣāḍha and Viṣṇu wakes on the eleventh of Kārttika, which is four months and ten days; the verse says four months.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.50: meghadarśanaprabhṛti haribodhanadināntam ityarthaḥ | daśadivasādhikyaṃ tv atra na vivakṣitam
  • √गम् with णिच्, class 1, लोट्, parasmaipada, second person singular

    गमय

    √गम् with णिच्

    get them past — a causative imperative: not *go* but *make go*, which is what one does to time. **And Mallinātha says how**: धैर्येणातिवाहय, *pass them with fortitude*. The adverb is his and not the verse's. It is the message's only imperative, and the only thing in five stanzas the husband asks her to do

  • r-stem masculine, द्वितीया बहुवचन accusative plural

    चतुरः

    printed चतुरो

    चतुर्

    four — the numeral, which in Sanskrit declines and agrees rather than standing invariable. **It is the number the whole poem has been counting down**: 1.4 gave eight months of the curse still to run, and here four are left. Mallinātha does the arithmetic in his gloss and rules out the odd ten days. The numeral चतुर् declines on the consonant pattern

  • a-stem neuter, द्वितीया द्विवचन accusative dual

    लोचने

    लोचन

    your two eyes — the object of the absolutive. **The same noun stood at 2.43 as लोचनाभ्याम्**, where her eyes could not see him; here she is told to shut them. The dual is a natural pair and not a grammatical flourish, and it is the first of the stanza's three duals

  • √मील् with णिच् + क्त्वा

    मीलयित्वा

    √मील् with णिच् and क्त्वा

    having closed them — a causative absolutive, *having made them shut*. Mallinātha glosses it निमील्य, which is the same verb with a preverb instead of a causative and so takes ल्यप् where this takes क्त्वा — the two affixes the corpus has been separating since 2.45 stand side by side in his gloss and the verse's word. **DCS tags this `pos=vi` too**, the sixth time in six stanzas, and here the drafting script's क्त्वा is right

  • अव्यय

    पश्चात्

    printed पश्चादावां

    पश्चात्

    after that — glossed अनन्तरम्, *immediately after*, which takes the gap out. The indeclinable is the poem's turn from waiting to what the waiting is for, and everything after it in the stanza is in the future or the dual

  • pronoun, प्रथमा द्विवचन nominative dual

    आवाम्

    printed पश्चादावां

    अस्मद्

    we two — and **Mallinātha derives it, which is the sharpest grammatical moment in the stanza.** त्वं च अहं च आवाम्: *you and I* becomes one word, by “त्यदादीनि सर्वैर्नित्यम्” — Pāṇini 1.2.72, where a pronoun of the त्यद् class standing with anything else always survives alone; and which of the two survives is settled by a second line, “त्यदादीनां मिथो द्वन्द्वे यत्परं तच्छिष्यते”, the later one is kept, **इत्यस्मदः शेषः** — so *I* is what is left. The word for the two of them together is grammatically the remains of the first person. It is the second dual pronoun of the message, after नौ at 2.45

  • √गुण् with णिच् + क्त, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    विरहगुणितम्

    printed विरहगुणितं

    गुणित, from √गुण् with णिच् and क्त

    multiplied by being apart — a causative participle, and the word is the mathematician's: गुणित is *multiplied*, the term for a product. Mallinātha turns it into rehearsal — एवमेवं करिष्यावः इति मनस्यावर्तितम्, turned over as *we shall do this and this* — which is the same picture as 2.49's man reckoning himself up, and the same verb आवर्तित for it

  • pronoun, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    तम्

    printed तं

    तद्

    that — the first of a doubled demonstrative, and **Mallinātha names the reason for the doubling**: वीप्सायां द्विरुक्तिः, repetition in the sense of वीप्सा, distribution — *each and every one*. **Two stanzas ago he named a different reason for a different doubling**: at 2.48 मन्दमन्द was प्रकारे, of a kind. So the corpus now has the two standard grounds for a repeated word, named by the same commentator three stanzas apart

    तं तम्, *that and that*, is a demonstrative said twice, and Mallinātha names why: वीप्सायां द्विरुक्तिः, repetition in the sense of वीप्सा — distribution, *each and every*. The doubled singular does not mean *the desires* but *one desire after another*, every one of them in turn. Two stanzas earlier he named a different ground for a different doubling: at 2.48 मन्दमन्द was प्रकारे, repetition for a kind. Three stanzas apart, the same commentator names the two standard reasons a word is said twice.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.50: taṃ tam || vīpsāyāṃ dviruktiḥ
  • pronoun, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    तम्

    printed तमात्माभिलाषं

    तद्

    and that — the second of the pair, and what it distributes over is the desires: every one of them in turn. The singular is what वीप्सा requires; a plural would say *the desires*, and the doubled singular says *one after another*

    तं तम्, *that and that*, is a demonstrative said twice, and Mallinātha names why: वीप्सायां द्विरुक्तिः, repetition in the sense of वीप्सा — distribution, *each and every*. The doubled singular does not mean *the desires* but *one desire after another*, every one of them in turn. Two stanzas earlier he named a different ground for a different doubling: at 2.48 मन्दमन्द was प्रकारे, repetition for a kind. Three stanzas apart, the same commentator names the two standard reasons a word is said twice.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.50: taṃ tam || vīpsāyāṃ dviruktiḥ
  • a-stem masculine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    आत्माभिलाषम्

    printed तमात्माभिलाषं

    अभिलाष

    the longing of us both — the object of the future verb. Mallinātha glosses अभिलाष by मनोरथ and reads आत्मन् as a dual, आत्मनोरावयोः. **आत्मन् has now stood in four of the last ten stanzas** — 2.41's disputed genitive, 2.45's *myself* in the picture, 2.49's twice in one pāda, and here inside a compound where it can show neither case nor number

  • √विश्, class 6, लृट्, parasmaipada, first person dual

    निर्वेक्ष्यावः

    √विश् of the sixth class with निस्

    we two shall have the good of them — **and Mallinātha names the root, which is not the one the sense suggests**: विशतेर्लृट्, the future of √विश्, *to enter*. With निस् it means *to enjoy, to get the use of*, and he glosses it भोक्ष्यावहे and quotes Amara, निर्वेशो भृतिभोगयोः — निर्वेश is used of wages and of enjoyment. **The same root stood at 2.42 as विशति**, where he entered her limb by imagining it; the message opened on that verb and closes on it, with a preverb and a dual and a future

    निर्वेक्ष्यावः, *we two shall enjoy them*, closes the message on a verb whose root is not the one the sense suggests. Mallinātha names it — विशतेर्लृट्, the future (लृट्) of √विश्, *to enter* — which with the preverb निस् means *to get the use of, to enjoy*; he glosses भोक्ष्यावहे and quotes Amara, निर्वेशो भृतिभोगयोः, that निर्वेश is used of wages and of enjoyment. The same root opened the message at 2.42 as विशति, where the husband entered her limb by imagining it. It began on that verb in the singular and the present and ends on it in the dual and the future.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.50: nirvekṣyāvo bhokṣyāvahe || viśater lṛṭ || “nirveśo bhṛtibhogayoḥ” ityamaraḥ
  • ā-stem feminine, सप्तमी बहुवचन locative plural

    परिणतशरच्चन्द्रिकासु

    चन्द्रिका

    in nights of full autumn moonlight — चन्द्रिका is moonlight as a thing spread out, from चन्द्र with the affix that makes a noun of a noun. **This one compound carries the calendar**, and Mallinātha uses it to answer a named opponent: autumn does not have to begin when the four months end, because the light is *परिणत*, matured, and autumn runs to the end of Kārttika

  • ā-stem feminine, सप्तमी बहुवचन locative plural

    क्षपासु

    क्षपा

    on nights — Mallinātha glosses रात्रिषु, the ordinary word. **It is the third name for the night in three stanzas**: 2.48 had दीर्घयामा and त्रियामा in one pāda, both of them counting watches, and this one counts nothing. The plural is the last word of the stanza and the first plural of nights the poem has offered as a good thing

शार्ङ्गपाणौ · भुजगशयनात् · उत्थिते · सति [supplied] · मे · शापान्तः · भविष्यति [supplied] · शेषान् · चतुरः · मासान् · लोचने · मीलयित्वा · गमय · पश्चात् · आवाम् · विरहगुणितम् · तम् · तम् · आत्माभिलाषम् · परिणतशरच्चन्द्रिकासु · क्षपासु · निर्वेक्ष्यावः

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, whose commentary runs as anvaya. **Two words are supplied and he marks one of them**: भविष्यतीति शेषः, *will be, is to be supplied*, for a nominal sentence with no verb; and सति, which he writes in to complete the locative absolute, as he has done four times before in this canto. What he moves is the head of the stanza — the verse puts शापान्तो मे first and the absolute clause after it, and he turns that round, so the god rises before the curse ends. He also takes the locative of the nights up before the verb, where the verse leaves them after it“pāṇau śārṅgaṃ yasya sa tasmiñ śārṅgapāṇau viṣṇau … bhujagaḥ śeṣa eva śayanaṃ tasmād utthite sati me śāpāntaḥ śāpāvasānam | bhaviṣyatīti śeṣaḥ | śeṣān avaśiṣṭāṃś caturo māsān … locane mīlayitvā nimīlya gamaya … paścād anantaraṃ tvaṃ cāhaṃ cāvām … virahe guṇitam … taṃ tam … ātmanor āvayor abhilāṣaṃ manoratham | pariṇatāḥ śaraccandrikā yāsāṃ tāsu kṣapāsu rātriṣu || nirvekṣyāvo bhokṣyāvahe”

the dependency structure

गमय · क्रिया — get them past, शेषांश्चतुरो मासान् गमय; the stanza's imperative and the message's only one, and a causative — √गम्, to go, with णिच्, the affix that adds a causer: not *go* but *make [the months] go*, which is what one does to time one has to get through. It is second person, spoken to the woman, and Mallinātha says with what temper: गमय धैर्येणातिवाहयेत्यर्थः, pass them with fortitude. Everything before it in the verse is the circumstance that frames it — the curse ending when the god wakes — and everything after it, opened by पश्चात्, is the future it clears the way to

मासान् · कर्म — the months, शेषांश्चतुरो मासान्; the object of the imperative, an accusative of duration — the four months to be got through. Mallinātha dates them exactly, मेघदर्शनप्रभृति हरिबोधनदिनान्तम्, from the sighting of the cloud to the day Hari wakes, and answers the arithmetic before it is raised: दशदिवसाधिक्यं त्वत्र न विवक्षितम्, the odd ten days are not meant

शेषान् · agreeing with मासान् — the ones left, अवशिष्टान्; the months still to run of the curse's term. The word is the snake's own name one pāda above, in another sense of the same root √शिष्, what is left over — Śeṣa is the remainder that survives the world's dissolution, these the remainder of the curse

चतुरः · agreeing with मासान् — four, चतुरः; the numeral, which in Sanskrit declines and agrees rather than standing invariable, and declines on the consonant pattern. It is the number the whole poem has been counting down — eight months of the curse still to run at 1.4, and four left here

मीलयित्वा · पूर्वकालक्रिया — having closed them, लोचने मीलयित्वा; a causative absolutive, *having made [them] shut*, the act done just before गमय. Mallinātha glosses it निमील्य — the same verb with a preverb instead of a causative, so that his gloss takes ल्यप् where the verse's word takes क्त्वा

लोचने · कर्म — your two eyes, लोचने; the object of the absolutive, a natural dual and the first of the stanza's three. The same noun stood at 2.43 as लोचनाभ्याम्, where her eyes could not see him; here she is told to shut them

भविष्यति · क्रिया of the curse-clause [supplied] — will be, भविष्यति; the verb the sentence has none of, which Mallinātha supplies, भविष्यतीति शेषः — a nominal sentence with a future read into it. It heads the stanza's first statement, my curse will be over when the bow-holder rises, the timeframe within which the imperative गमय is set

शापान्तः · कर्ता — my curse's end, शापान्तो मे; the subject of the verbless sentence, a षष्ठी-tatpuruṣa, शापस्य अन्तः, glossed शापावसानम्. The word शाप has not been said since 1.1, where the curse was given and the poem's whole distance made; it returns as the first word of the stanza that ends it

मे · षष्ठी — my, मे शापान्तः; the enclitic genitive on शापान्तः, and the last time the message speaks of him alone — from the third pāda on the pronouns are dual

उत्थिते · सति सप्तमी — when he has risen, उत्थिते सति; the participle heading the locative absolute that times the curse's end, √स्था with उद् and क्त, active in sense as क्त is for verbs of motion and rest. Mallinātha writes in the सति the construction wants

शार्ङ्गपाणौ · कर्ता of the absolute — when the bow-holder [rises], शार्ङ्गपाणौ; the locative subject of the absolute, विष्णौ supplied — the god named by his Śārṅga bow and not by his name. Mallinātha spends two rules on the compound's word order and one supplied word on the god

भुजगशयनात् · अपादान — from his snake-bed, भुजगशयनात्; the ablative of the place risen from. भुजग, *the crooked-goer*, is a description used for the snake, and Mallinātha names it — शेष, the serpent Viṣṇu sleeps on through the rains, waking on the eleventh of Kārttika, on which the whole stanza's date rests

सति · [supplied] — being [so], सति; the locative participle of √अस् that Mallinātha adds to complete the absolute, उत्थिते सति. It is the fifth time in the canto the word has had to be supplied, after 2.35, 2.37, 2.40 and 2.41

निर्वेक्ष्यावः · क्रिया of the second clause — we two shall have the good of them, निर्वेक्ष्यावः; the future the stanza closes on, and the head of the clause hung after the imperative by पश्चात्. Mallinātha names the root, विशतेर्लृट्, the future of √विश्, *to enter* — with निस् *to get the use of, to enjoy* — and glosses भोक्ष्यावहे with Amara's line for निर्वेश among wages and enjoyment. The same root opened the message at 2.42 as विशति; it closes it in the dual and the future

पश्चात् · — after that, पश्चादनन्तरम्; the indeclinable that turns the stanza from the waiting to what the waiting is for, and hangs the future clause after the imperative. Everything after it in the stanza is in the future or the dual

आवाम् · कर्ता — we two, आवाम्; the dual subject of निर्वेक्ष्यावः, त्वं च अहं च — you and I made one word, which Mallinātha derives as an एकशेष of the first person. It is the second dual pronoun of the message, after नौ at 2.45, and the desire below belongs to both

आत्माभिलाषम् · कर्म — the longing of us both, तमात्माभिलाषम्; the object of the future verb, a षष्ठी-tatpuruṣa आत्मनोः अभिलाषः glossed मनोरथम्. The first member is a dual the compound cannot show, so Mallinātha writes it out, आत्मनोरावयोः, of the two of us — the number has to be read off the आवाम् above

विरहगुणितम् · agreeing with आत्माभिलाषम् — multiplied by being apart, विरहे गुणितम्; a locative-tatpuruṣa, the participle of the causative of √गुण्, to multiply — the arithmetical word, not that the longing grew but that it was multiplied out term by term. Mallinātha reads it as rehearsal, एवमेवं करिष्यावः इति मनस्यावर्तितम्, turned over as *we shall do this and this*

तम् · विशेषण — that, तं तम्; the first of a doubled demonstrative, and Mallinātha names the reason for the doubling, वीप्सायां द्विरुक्तिः, repetition in the sense of वीप्सा, distribution — each and every one

तम् · विशेषण — and that, तं तम्; the second of the pair, distributing over the desires one after another. The singular is what वीप्सा requires; a plural would say *the desires*, and the doubled singular says *one after another*

क्षपासु · अधिकरण — on nights, क्षपासु; the locative of time the enjoyment falls in, glossed रात्रिषु, the ordinary word. It is the third name for the night in three stanzas — 2.48 had दीर्घयामा and त्रियामा in one pāda — and the first plural of nights the poem offers as a good thing

परिणतशरच्चन्द्रिकासु · agreeing with क्षपासु — whose autumn moonlight is at the full, परिणताः शरच्चन्द्रिका यासां तासु; a bahuvrīhi, and its first member परिणत, *ripened, come to its end*, is the word Mallinātha's closing calendar argument turns on: the nights are not ones on which autumn begins but ones whose autumn moonlight has matured

uncheckedthe reader's reading, following Mallinātha's Sañjīvinī, whose commentary runs as the anvaya. His glosses are: पाणौ शार्ङ्गं यस्य स तस्मिञ्शार्ङ्गपाणौ विष्णौ with both rules named, भुजगः शेष एव शयनं तस्मात्, शापावसानम् with भविष्यतीति शेषः, अवशिष्टान् for शेषान् with मेघदर्शनप्रभृति हरिबोधनदिनान्तम् and दशदिवसाधिक्यं त्वत्र न विवक्षितम्, निमील्य for मीलयित्वा and धैर्येणातिवाहय for गमय, अनन्तरम् for पश्चात्, त्वं चाहं चावाम् with the ekaśeṣa rules, एवमेवं करिष्यावः इति मनस्यावर्तितम् for विरहगुणितम्, वीप्सायां द्विरुक्तिः for तं तम्, आत्मनोरावयोरभिलाषं मनोरथम्, परिणताः शरच्चन्द्रिका यासां तासु, रात्रिषु for क्षपासु, and भोक्ष्यावहे with विशतेर्लृट् and the Amara line for निर्वेक्ष्यावः. The tree roots at गमय, the message's one imperative, and carries the curse-clause — with भविष्यति supplied, भविष्यतीति शेषः — as the circumstance that frames it, and the future निर्वेक्ष्यावः clause, opened by पश्चात्, as what the waiting is for; the locative absolute उत्थिते सति, with सति supplied, times the curse's end. Pāṇini 2.2.35 and 1.2.72 are named by him; the two lines he cites beside them — the वक्तव्य on weapon-words, “प्रहरणार्थेभ्यः परे निष्ठासप्तम्यौ भवतः”, and “त्यदादीनां मिथो द्वन्द्वे यत्परं तच्छिष्यते” — are vārttikas not in the sūtra corpus under their own words. That शेष is the snake's name and the months' adjective in one stanza, that the compound cannot show the dual of आत्मन्, and that the message opens and closes on √विश् are the reader's; no figure is named. The Telugu is drawn from Vedam Venkataraya Sastri's Āndhra Meghasandeśam.

*When the bow-holder rises from his serpent bed my curse will be over. Shut your eyes and get the four remaining months past. After that, on nights whose autumn moonlight has come to the full, we two shall have the good of every one of the desires that being apart has multiplied.* **The stanza is the first thing in the message with a date on it**, and Mallinātha gives it in seven words: मेघदर्शनप्रभृति हरिबोधनदिनान्तम्, from the sighting of the cloud to the day Hari wakes. Then he closes the arithmetic before anyone opens it — **दशदिवसाधिक्यं त्वत्र न विवक्षितम्**, the odd ten days are not meant. The poem began on the first day of Āṣāḍha and Viṣṇu wakes on the eleventh of Kārttika, which is four months and ten days; the verse says four months. **One word gets two rules and another gets two more.** शार्ङ्गपाणौ is a bahuvrīhi by 2.2.35, which would put the locative member first — and since the verse puts it second, he licenses the inversion with a वक्तव्य about words for weapons. And आवाम् he derives outright: **त्वं चाहं चावाम्**, *you and I* left as one word by 1.2.72 त्यदादीनि सर्वैर्नित्यम्, with a second line to decide which of the two survives — यत्परं तच्छिष्यते, **इत्यस्मदः शेषः**. The word for the two of them together is what is left of the first person after the second is absorbed into it. **And the doubled तं तम् gets the other reason for a doubling.** वीप्सायां द्विरुक्तिः, repetition for distribution: *each and every* desire. At 2.48 he named प्रकारे for मन्दमन्द, repetition for a kind. Three stanzas apart, the two standard grounds. **The message's one imperative is here**, गमय, and it is causative — not *go* but *make the months go* — and he says with what: **धैर्येणातिवाहय**, pass them with fortitude. In five stanzas of the message this is the only thing he asks her to do. **The last verb closes a circle.** निर्वेक्ष्यावः is the future of √विश्, which he names — विशतेर्लृट् — and glosses भोक्ष्यावहे with Amara for निर्वेश among wages and enjoyment. The same root stood at 2.42 as विशति, where he entered her body by imagining it. The message opened on that verb in the singular and present, and closes on it in the dual and the future. **Then the comment turns into an argument about the calendar, and Mallinātha loses patience twice.** Some, he says, objected that only Nabhas and Bhādrapada are rainy months, so the four from Āṣāḍha cannot be called the rains, and answered themselves by taking the three-season reckoning: **तत्सर्वमसङ्गतम्**, all of that is beside the point — the poet said *four months remaining*, not *four rainy months*, so it is **अनुक्तोपालम्भ**, a rebuke for something never said. And to Nātha, who asked how autumn can follow four months beginning in Āṣāḍha, the answer is in one word of the verse: the moonlight is परिणत, matured, and autumn runs to the end of Kārttika — the verse does not say autumn *starts* then. It is the third time he answers Nātha, after 1.46 and 2.2, and the second commentator he takes on in four stanzas. No figure is named.

uncheckedthe reader's reading, following Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī's gloss. His are: पाणौ शार्ङ्गं यस्य सः with विष्णौ supplied and both rules named, भुजगः शेष एव शयनम्, शापावसानम् with भविष्यतीति शेषः, अवशिष्टान् for शेषान् with मेघदर्शनप्रभृति हरिबोधनदिनान्तम् and दशदिवसाधिक्यं त्वत्र न विवक्षितम्, निमील्य for मीलयित्वा and धैर्येणातिवाहय for गमय, अनन्तरम् for पश्चात्, त्वं चाहं चावाम् with the ekaśeṣa rules, एवमेवं करिष्याव इति मनस्यावर्तितम् for विरहगुणितम्, वीप्सायां द्विरुक्तिः for तं तम्, आत्मनोरावयोः … मनोरथम्, परिणताः शरच्चन्द्रिका यासां तासु, रात्रिषु for क्षपासु, भोक्ष्यावहे with विशतेर्लृट् and the Amara line, and the two closing arguments. That शेष is the snake's name and the months' adjective in one stanza, that the compound cannot show the dual of आत्मन्, and that the message opens and closes on √विश्, are the reader's; Pāṇini 1.2.72 and 2.2.35 are by way of skt-data's sūtra corpus, both named by him. The two lines he cites beside them — “प्रहरणार्थेभ्यः परे निष्ठासप्तम्यौ भवतः”, which he himself calls a वक्तव्य, and “त्यदादीनां मिथो द्वन्द्वे यत्परं तच्छिष्यते” — are not in that corpus under their own words. Amara's text is not in this repository and the line cannot be checked; nor is any work of Nātha's, so the objection he answers is known only from his answer“atra kaiścit … iti paryahāri tat sarvam asaṅgatam | atra gataśeṣāś catvāro māsā ityuktaṃ kavinā na tu te vārṣikā iti | tasmād anuktopālambha eva”

When the bow-holder rises from his serpent bed my curse will be over; shut your eyes, get the four remaining months past, and afterwards, on nights whose autumn moonlight has come to the full, we two shall have the good of every one of the desires that being apart has multiplied. This is the first thing in the message with a date on it, and Mallinātha gives it in seven words — from the sighting of the cloud to the day Hari wakes — ruling out the odd ten days before anyone raises them. One word gets two rules: शार्ङ्गपाणौ, the bahuvrīhi whose weapon-word order he defends with a वक्तव्य; and आवाम्, *you and I* left as a single word of the first person. The doubled तं तम् gets वीप्सा, distribution, where 2.48's मन्दमन्द got प्रकार, kind. The one imperative गमय he reads as *pass them with fortitude*. And the last verb closes a circle: निर्वेक्ष्यावः is √विश् in the future and the dual, the verb the message opened on at 2.42. The comment then turns into a calendar argument — against unnamed objectors who called only two months rainy (तत्सर्वमसङ्गतम्, an अनुक्तोपालम्भ, a rebuke for something never said) and against Nātha, who asked how autumn can follow four months from Āṣāḍha, answered by the one word परिणत, matured: the moonlight is ripened and autumn runs to the end of Kārttika. No figure is named.

  • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.50, whole-verse gloss

No figure is named for this verse by the commentary this reading follows, so none is shown.