मेघदूतम् · कालिदास · 2.25

यक्षवधू · at the offering, at the drawing, at the caged bird

आलोके ते निपतति पुरा सा बलिव्याकुला वा

आ
लो
के
ते
नि
प
त
ति
पु
रा
सा
ब
लि
व्या
कु
ला
वा

मत्सादृश्यं विरहतनु वा भावगम्यं लिखन्ती

म
त्सा
दृ
श्यं
वि
र
ह
त
नु
वा
भा
व
ग
म्यं
लि
ख
न्ती

पृच्छन्ती वा मधुरवचनां सारिकां पञ्जरस्थां

पृ
च्छ
न्ती
वा
म
धु
र
व
च
नां
सा
रि
कां
प
ञ्ज
र
स्थां

कच्चिद्भर्तुः स्मरसि रसिके त्वं हि तस्य प्रियेति

क
च्चि
द्भ
र्तुः
स्म
र
सि
र
सि
के
त्वं
हि
त
स्य
प्रि
ये
ति

pāda a

  • आguruits long vowel आ
  • लोguruits long vowel ओ
  • केguruits long vowel ए
  • तेguruits long vowel ए
  • निlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • पlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • पुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • राguruits long vowel आ
  • साguruits long vowel आ
  • बlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लिguruthe conjunct व्य that follows it
  • व्याguruits long vowel आ
  • कुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लाguruits long vowel आ
  • वाguruits long vowel आ
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — ते
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — पुरा

pāda b

  • मguruthe conjunct त्स that follows it
  • त्साguruits long vowel आ
  • दृguruthe conjunct श्य that follows it
  • श्यंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • विlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • हlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • वाguruits long vowel आ
  • भाguruits long vowel आ
  • वlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • गguruthe conjunct म्य that follows it
  • म्यंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • लिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • खguruthe conjunct न्त that follows it
  • न्तीguruits long vowel ई
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — मत्सादृश्यं
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — वा

pāda c

  • पृguruthe conjunct च्छ that follows it
  • च्छguruthe conjunct न्त that follows it
  • न्तीguruits long vowel ई
  • वाguruits long vowel आ
  • मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • धुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • वlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • चlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नांguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • साguruits long vowel आ
  • रिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • कांguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • पguruthe conjunct ञ्ज that follows it
  • ञ्जlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रguruthe conjunct स्थ that follows it
  • स्थांguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — वा
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — मधुरवचनां

pāda d

  • कguruthe conjunct च्च that follows it
  • च्चिguruthe conjunct द्भ that follows it
  • द्भguruthe conjunct र्त that follows it
  • र्तुःguruthe visarga it carries
  • स्मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • सिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • सिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • केguruits long vowel ए
  • त्वंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • हिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तguruthe conjunct स्य that follows it
  • स्यguruthe conjunct प्र that follows it
  • प्रिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • येguruits long vowel ए
  • तिlaghuits short vowel — light on its own, though the pāda ends here
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — कच्चिद्भर्तुः
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — रसिके
  • मत्सादृश्यम् + विरहतनु → मत्सादृश्यं

    म् + व्

  • वा + भावगम्यम् → विरहतनु

    आ + भ्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • भावगम्यम् + लिखन्ती → भावगम्यं

    म् + ल्

  • मधुरवचनाम् + सारिकाम् → मधुरवचनां

    म् + स्

  • सारिकाम् + पञ्जरस्थाम् → सारिकां

    म् + प्

  • पञ्जरस्थाम् + कच्चिद् → पञ्जरस्थां

    म् + क्

  • कच्चिद् + भर्तुः → कच्चिद्भर्तुः

    द् + भ्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • त्वम् + हि → त्वं

    म् + ह्

  • प्रिया + इति → प्रियेति

    आ + इ → ए

  • बलि + व्याकुला → बलिव्याकुला

    इ + व्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • मद् + सादृश्य → मत्सादृश्यम्

    द् + स्

  • विरह + तनु → विरहतनु

    अ + त्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • भाव + गम्य → भावगम्यम्

    अ + ग्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • मधुर + वचन → मधुरवचनाम्

    अ + व्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • पञ्जर + स्थ → पञ्जरस्थाम्

    अ + स्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

प्रिया and इति fuse to प्रियेति by guṇa: आ + इ → ए under Pāṇini 6.1.87 आद्गुणः, which makes a following इ/उ/ऋ join an अ/आ as the guṇa vowel ए/ओ/अर्. In कच्चिद्भर्तुः the final त् of कच्चित् meets the voiced भ् and itself voices to द् by 8.2.39 झलां जशोऽन्ते, which turns a word-final stop into its voiced counterpart. Within the compound मत्सादृश्यम्, the द् of मद् meets the voiceless स् and hardens to त् by 8.4.55 खरि च, the rule that makes a stop voiceless before a following voiceless one. And त्वम् before हि writes its म् as anusvāra, त्वं हि, by 8.3.23 मोऽनुस्वारः, which turns a word-final म् into anusvāra before any consonant.

  • Chinnaya Sūri, Bālavyākaraṇam — సంధిపరిచ్ఛేదము; vendor/balavyakaranam-sandhi.txt
  • आलोके सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location

  • ते षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word

  • सा प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

    with बलिव्याकुला

  • मत्सादृश्यम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

    with विरहतनु, भावगम्यम्

  • सारिकाम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

    with मधुरवचनाम्, पञ्जरस्थाम्

  • भर्तुः षष्ठी · genitive — षष्ठी governed by the verb of remembering, not a possessive

    भर्तुः is the genitive singular of भर्तृ, 'master, husband', the agent noun of √भृ. It looks like a possessive — 'of the master' — but here it is the object of स्मरसि, 'do you remember'. Pāṇini 2.3.52 अधीगर्थदयेशां कर्मणि puts the sixth case (the genitive) on the कर्मन्, the object, of verbs that mean to study, to remember (the sense of अधि-इ and its kind), to pity, and to be master of. So भर्तुः स्मरसि is 'do you remember your master', and Mallinātha writes the ordinary construction out beside it to show what it comes to — भर्तारं स्मरति किमित्यर्थः — where भर्तारम् would be the plain accusative. The genitive here reports a relation the case-ending alone does not: it is grammatically what स्मरसि acts on.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.25: bhartuḥ svāminaḥ … “adhīgarthadayeśāṃ karmaṇi” iti karmaṇi ṣaṣṭhī
  • रसिके सम्बोधन · vocative — the feminine vocative singular of रसिका, ending in -ए

    रसिका, 'one who has a taste for something', is a feminine noun whose stem ends in long आ (an ā-stem). When such a stem is called to — the vocative, here हे रसिके — the आ does not simply take the ordinary vocative ending; it changes to ए first. Pāṇini 7.3.106 सम्बुद्धौ च makes the आ of an ā-stem become ए in the सम्बुद्धि, the vocative singular; the ending itself then drops, and what is left is रसिके. This is the same shift that turns बाला into हे बाले and सीता into हे सीते. So the -ए on रसिके is not a locative or a nominative dual — cells the same spelling could fill — but a feminine calling-form, and it is the one word of the stanza that is unmistakably in the wife's own voice, spoken over the bird's head to flatter her into being the sort of creature who understands about love.

    • Aṣṭādhyāyī — 7.3.106 सम्बुद्धौ च
  • त्वम् प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • तस्य षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word

  • प्रिया प्रथमा · nominative — an agent noun in the affix क, not an endearment

    with लिखन्ती, पृच्छन्ती

    प्रिया reads as 'darling', but Mallinātha will not take it as a mere endearment; he derives it — प्रीणातीति प्रिया, 'she who gives pleasure'. The root is √प्री, 'to please', and the affix is क by Pāṇini 3.1.135 इगुपधज्ञाप्रीकिरः कः, which puts क after ज्ञा, प्री and कॄ and after roots whose penult is a short इ, उ, ऋ or ऌ (an इक् vowel) before a final consonant. So प्रिया is an agent noun — 'the pleasing one' — and this turns the last pāda into a small chain of reasoning: you please him, therefore you are the object of his love, therefore you ought to remember him, अतः प्रेमास्पदत्वात्स्मर्तुमर्हसीति भावः.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.25: prīṇātīti priyā … “igupadhajñāprīkiraḥ kaḥ” iti kapratyayaḥ

प्रकरण 1 · हलन्त्यम्

प्रकरण 2 · इको यणचि

प्रकरण 3 · स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः

प्रकरण 5 · अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्

प्रकरण 6 · औङ आपः

प्रकरण 7 · अतोऽम्

प्रकरण 8 · हो ढः

प्रकरण 10 · अहन्

प्रकरण 11 · स्वरादिनिपातमव्ययम्

प्रकरण 12 · लः कर्मणि च भावे चाकर्मकेभ्यः

प्रकरण 17 · तुदादिभ्यः शः

प्रकरण 33 · धातोः

प्रकरण 34 · ण्वुल्तृचौ

प्रकरण 59 · इवे प्रतिकृतौ

प्रकरण 60 · स्त्रियाम्

not in the abridgement

  • अ अ 8.4.68← निपतति; भावगम्यम्; लिखन्ती; पृच्छन्ती; स्मरसि

बलिव्याकुला

बलि · व्याकुला

  1. बलिषु व्याकुला

    तत्पुरुष (locative) — taken up with the offerings

तत्पुरुष — it refers to सा. taken up with the offerings — Mallinātha does two things to this compound in one line. **He splits बलि into two kinds**: बलिषु नित्येषु प्रोषितागमनार्थेषु च देवताराधनेषु, the offerings that are made every day, and those made for the coming home of one who is away. The second kind is not in the word and is the whole point of the epithet, because it makes her worship an act of waiting. **And he will not let व्याकुला mean what it usually means**: he answers it with व्यापृता, occupied, where व्याकुल on its own is agitated or distraught. So the first of the three guesses has her busy rather than distracted, and busy at something aimed at the man who is guessing

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who unpacks बलिषु नित्येषु प्रोषितागमनार्थेषु च देवताराधनेषु व्याकुला व्यापृता“baliṣu nityeṣu proṣitāgamanārtheṣu ca devatārādhaneṣu vyākulā vyāpṛtā vā”

मत्सादृश्यम्

मद् · सादृश्य

  1. मम सादृश्यम्

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — a likeness of me

तत्पुरुष. my likeness — and Mallinātha argues with the word before he will accept it. He glosses it मदाकारसाम्यम्, sameness with my form, and then at once मत्प्रतिकृतिमित्यर्थः, that is to say, my portrait. **The argument is that सादृश्य cannot ordinarily mean a picture**: यद्यपि सादृश्यं नाम प्रसिद्धवस्त्वन्तरगतमाकारसाम्यम् — a resemblance is a sameness of shape residing in some *other* thing already known, so it is a relation and not an object. तथापि प्रतिकृतित्वेन विवक्षितम्, here it is meant as a likeness-object, इतरथा लेख्यत्वासम्भवात्, since otherwise there would be nothing for her to draw. Then he backs it with a lexicon — the Akṣayyakośa's “आलेख्येऽपि च सादृश्यम्”, sādṛśya is used of a painting too. **And then he sends the reader to another book of his own**: एतच्च कामशास्त्रसंवादेन सम्यग्विवेचितमस्माभी रघुवंशसञ्जीविन्याम्, we have gone into this fully, in agreement with the Kāmaśāstra, in our Sañjīvinī on the Raghuvaṃśa, at the words सादृश्यप्रतिकृतिदर्शनैः प्रियायाः. That is the first time in either canto that he refers to a work of his own, and the run cannot follow it: the Raghuvaṃśa is not in this repository

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, whose whole argument this is — the gloss मदाकारसाम्यम्, the paraphrase मत्प्रतिकृतिम्, the objection and its answer, the Akṣayyakośa citation and the reference to his own Raghuvaṃśa commentary. `vendor/meghaduta-sanjivini.itx` prints `asmAbhI raghuvaMsha sa~njIvinyAM` with the compound रघुवंशसञ्जीविन्याम् broken by a space, and opens the quotation twice, once on nothing at all“matsādṛśyaṃ madākārasāmyam | matpratikṛtim ity arthaḥ | yady api sādṛśyaṃ nāma prasiddhavastvantaragatam ākārasāmyaṃ tathāpi pratikṛtitvena vivakṣitam itarathā lekhyatvāsambhavāt | akṣayyakośe “ālekhye 'pi ca sādṛśyam” ity abhidhānāt”

विरहतनु

विरह · तनु

  1. विरहेण तनु

    तत्पुरुष (instrumental) — thin from separation

तत्पुरुष — it refers to मत्सादृश्यम्. thin from the separation — Mallinātha gives the case the compound hides, विरहेण, and glosses तनु with कृशम्. **Then comes the sentence that explains the stanza**: तत्कार्यस्यादृष्टचरत्वात्सम्प्रति सम्भावनयोत्प्रेक्ष्यमित्यर्थः — the effect has never been seen before, so it has now to be imagined by conjecture. She has not watched him grow thin; she is drawing a thinness she is guessing at. So the picture inside the stanza is made the same way the stanza itself is: **the yakṣa guesses what she is doing, and what she is doing is guessing what he looks like**

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who writes विरहेण तनु कृशम् and then तत्कार्यस्यादृष्टचरत्वात्सम्प्रति सम्भावनयोत्प्रेक्ष्यमित्यर्थः“viraheṇa tanu kṛśaṃ bhāvagamyam | tatkāryasyādṛṣṭacaratvāt samprati sambhāvanayotprekṣyam ity arthaḥ”

भावगम्यम्

भाव · गम्य

  1. भावेन गम्यम्

    तत्पुरुष (instrumental) — to be reached by imagination

तत्पुरुष — it refers to मत्सादृश्यम्. to be got at by imagining — भाव is the state of mind, and गम्य is what can be gone to, so the compound says the likeness is reachable only in thought. Mallinātha does not gloss it separately: he runs it straight on from विरहतनु and lets the one sentence about conjecture cover both, which is itself a reading, since it makes भावगम्य say *how* she knows the thinness rather than naming a quality of the picture. **DCS prints a different affix on the same root here**, and the metre settles it

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who takes भावगम्यम् with विरहतनु under the one gloss तत्कार्यस्यादृष्टचरत्वात्सम्प्रति सम्भावनयोत्प्रेक्ष्यम्; the reading of भाव as the imagining mind is the reader's“viraheṇa tanu kṛśaṃ bhāvagamyam”

मधुरवचनाम्

मधुर · वचन

  1. मधुरं वचनं यस्याः सा

    बहुव्रीहि — she whose speech is sweet

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to सारिकाम्. sweet-voiced — Mallinātha answers it with मञ्जुभाषिणीम्, and then does something with the next epithet that the verse does not do. **He makes the two into cause and effect**: अत एव पञ्जरस्थाम्, and *that is exactly why* she is in a cage — हिंस्रेभ्यः कृतसंरक्षणाम्, kept safe from the things that would kill her. The verse prints two adjectives side by side; he reads the first as the reason for the second, so the bird is caged for being worth keeping

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses मधुरवचनां मञ्जुभाषिणीम् and joins the next epithet to it with अत एव“madhuravacanāṃ mañjubhāṣiṇīm | ata eva pañjarasthām | hiṃsrebhyaḥ kṛtasaṃrakṣaṇām ity arthaḥ”

पञ्जरस्थाम्

पञ्जर · स्थ

  1. पञ्जरे तिष्ठतीति पञ्जरस्था

    upapada-tatpurusha — she who stays in the cage

upapada-tatpurusha — it refers to सारिकाम्. in her cage — the last member is √स्था reduced to a single syllable by the affix क, which Pāṇini 3.2.3 आतोऽनुपसर्गे कः puts after a root ending in long आ when no preverb stands in front of it and a word in composition does. Mallinātha derives nothing here; what he supplies is the reason, अत एव, and the purpose, हिंस्रेभ्यः कृतसंरक्षणाम्. **So the cage is protection and not captivity**, which is what lets the bird be a confidante rather than a prisoner in the stanza's one piece of dialogue

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī for the sense — अत एव पञ्जरस्थाम्, हिंस्रेभ्यः कृतसंरक्षणाम् — and Pāṇini 3.2.3 by way of skt-mcp for the affix, which he does not name“ata eva pañjarasthām | hiṃsrebhyaḥ kṛtasaṃrakṣaṇām ity arthaḥ”

  • a-stem masculine, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    आलोके

    आलोक

    within sight of — आलोक is the act of looking and then the range of it. Mallinātha turns the noun into the place it implies: तवालोके दृष्टिपथे, on your line of sight. **The locative is where the whole stanza lands**: everything else in it is what she may be doing, and this is where the doing will be seen from

  • pronoun, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular

    ते

    त्वद्

    your — the cloud's. Mallinātha writes it out as तव, which is the other genitive singular of the same pronoun and the one that cannot be mistaken for anything else; ते is also a dative and also a nominative plural elsewhere. **DCS leaves the gender field empty on this word** — `pos=n,g=,c=6,n=s` — as it does for both the first and second person pronouns, which is right, since neither has a gender to record

  • √पत्, class 1, लट्, parasmaipada, third person singular

    निपतति

    √पत् of the first class, with नि

    falls — and the tense is the opposite of what its ending says. The form is present; the sense is future. Mallinātha writes it out: सद्यो निपतिष्यतीत्यर्थः, she will come into view at once, and then names the rule that permits it — “यावत्पुरानिपातयोर्लट्” इति लट्, Pāṇini 3.3.4, which puts the present-tense affix on a root that means the future when the particle यावत् or पुरा stands with it. **So one small word two syllables away governs the tense of the verb**, and nothing in the verb shows it. DCS tags लट् and stops there, which is right about the form and silent about the time

    The verb is present in form and future in sense, and Mallinātha catches the trick. निपतति looks like a plain present, 'she falls into view', but he writes it out as सद्यो निपतिष्यतीत्यर्थः, 'she will come into view at once', and names the rule that lets a present-tense form mean the future — “यावत्पुरानिपातयोर्लट्”, Pāṇini 3.3.4, which puts लट्, the present affix, on a root that means the future when the particle यावत् or पुरा stands with it. And पुरा he has to settle first, out of Amara, who gives it both ways: पुरातीते, of time gone by, and निकटागामिके, of what is close and coming. He takes the second. So one small word two syllables away governs both the tense of the verb and the mood of the stanza — it makes the whole thing a prediction rather than a memory — and nothing on the verb shows it.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.25: sadyo nipatiṣyatīty arthaḥ … “yāvatpurānipātayor laṭ”
    • Aṣṭādhyāyī — 3.3.4 यावत्पुरानिपातयोर्लट्
  • अव्यय

    पुरा

    पुरा

    presently — and not, as the word usually goes, formerly. Mallinātha reaches the sense through Amara, who gives पुरा both ways: पुरातीते, of time gone by, and निकटागामिके, of what is close and coming. **He takes the second**, which is what makes the stanza a prediction rather than a memory, and it is this same particle that then drags the verb's tense with it under 3.3.4

  • pronoun, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    सा

    तद्

    she — and Mallinātha at once writes in the name the poem will not: सा मत्प्रिया, she, my beloved. **This is the third stanza running in which the wife is carried by a form of तद् and by nothing else** — ताम् at 2.23, तस्याः at 2.24, सा here — so that three whole stanzas of the poem's closest description of her never once say who she is

  • ā-stem feminine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    बलिव्याकुला

    व्याकुल, taking ā-stem feminine endings

    busy — with व्यापृता for its gloss, so occupied rather than distracted. **This word is the clearest case in the stanza of a table lost for no reason at all.** DCS lemmatises every feminine adjective in the masculine — here `vyAkula` with `g=f` — and `scripts/draft-analysis.ts` looks the stem class up by the lemma's last letter together with the gender, and its row for a stem in अ offers a masculine and a neuter and no feminine. So the draft came back with no class and no table, where सारिका four words later, which DCS calls a noun and lemmatises `sArikA`, got both. The two decline identically. The a-stem adjective व्याकुल is declined as a feminine because it describes सा

  • अव्यय

    वा

    वा

    or — the first of three. **The stanza is built on this word**: three guesses, each closed by वा, and no way to choose among them. Mallinātha glosses the particle only once, at the third, and glosses it as alternation: वाशब्दो विकल्पे

  • a-stem neuter, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    मत्सादृश्यम्

    printed मत्सादृश्यं

    सादृश्य

    a likeness of me — which Mallinātha will only accept as a portrait, मत्प्रतिकृतिम्, and argues for at length because a resemblance is not ordinarily a thing one can draw. It is the object of लिखन्ती and carries three describing words, two of them printed and one of them his

    The picture inside the poem is made the same way the poem is. She draws him विरहतनु, 'thin from separation', and Mallinātha adds the sentence that explains the stanza — तत्कार्यस्यादृष्टचरत्वात्सम्प्रति सम्भावनयोत्प्रेक्ष्यम्, the effect has never been seen before, so it has now to be imagined by conjecture. She has not watched him grow thin; she is drawing a thinness she is guessing at, which is why भावगम्यम्, 'to be got at by imagining', stands next to it. And मत्सादृश्यम्, 'a likeness of me', he will accept only as a portrait, मत्प्रतिकृतिम्: a सादृश्य, he argues, is properly a sameness of shape residing in some other thing already known — a relation, not an object anyone could draw — so here it must be meant as a likeness-object, इतरथा लेख्यत्वासम्भवात्, otherwise there would be nothing for her to draw. So the yakṣa is guessing at a woman who is herself guessing at him, and the two guesses meet in a drawing neither of them can check.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.25: tatkāryasyādṛṣṭacaratvāt samprati sambhāvanayotprekṣyam; matpratikṛtim ity arthaḥ
  • u-stem neuter, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    विरहतनु

    तनु

    thin — agreeing with the likeness, not with him, so what is thin is the drawing. Mallinātha glosses कृशम्. **तनु is one of the few adjectives whose neuter accusative singular is the bare stem**, which is why the word can sit in the pāda without an ending showing, and why nothing on the page says it is not a nominative

  • अव्यय

    वा

    printed विरहतनु

    वा

    or — the second of three, and the one that separates the offerings from the drawing

  • √गम् + य, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    भावगम्यम्

    printed भावगम्यं

    गम्य, from √गम् with a कृत्य affix leaving य

    to be reached — a gerundive, what one can get to. **DCS prints a different derivative of the same root**: its token is `gamanIyam`, √गम् with अनीयर्, where the text prints गम्यम्. The two are both कृत्य forms and mean the same thing, so no witness is needed to choose — **the metre throws DCS's out by itself**, since गमनीयम् puts two more syllables into a pāda that takes seventeen. Same shape as प्रार्थितया at 2.6, where the metre alone decided. Which affix the printed form carries neither witness says: यत् and ण्यत् both leave a य here, and Mallinātha derives nothing, so the analysis names only what is visible

  • √लिख् + शतृ, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    लिखन्ती

    लिखत्, from √लिख् of the sixth class with शतृ, feminine in ङीप्

    drawing — and the tense of the participle is the stanza's argument. **DCS marks it a participle without saying which**, so `scripts/draft-analysis.ts` defaulted it to a past participle in क्त, as it does for every `f=part` it meets; the form is the present active in शतृ with the feminine ङीप् after it. A past participle would say the picture was finished. शतृ keeps her hand moving while the cloud is being told about her. Mallinātha adds where and why: क्वचित्फलकादौ विन्यस्यन्ती, setting it down somewhere, on a board or the like, चित्रदर्शनस्य विरहिणीविनोदोपायत्वात्, because looking at a picture is one of the ways a woman apart from her husband gets through the day

  • √प्रच्छ् + शतृ, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    पृच्छन्ती

    पृच्छत्, from √प्रच्छ् of the sixth class with शतृ, feminine in ङीप्

    asking — the second शतृ participle in two pādas, and the second that `scripts/draft-analysis.ts` wrote up as a past participle in क्त on DCS's bare `f=part`. **Two in one stanza is new**; every earlier verse produced at most one. Mallinātha closes the quoted question and hands the participle back: इत्येवं पृच्छन्ती वा. The root is प्रच्छ् and the present stem पृच्छ् — the र् becomes ऋ under the weakening that the sixth class's श affix brings, which is why the tagged root and the printed word share almost no letters

  • अव्यय

    वा

    वा

    or — the third, and the one Mallinātha stops to gloss: वाशब्दो विकल्पे, the word वा is in the sense of alternation, with Amara behind it — “उपमायां विकल्पे वा”, वा is used for comparison and for alternation. **He glosses the last of three identical particles and not the first**, which is his habit with a word that has been doing the same work all along

  • ā-stem feminine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    मधुरवचनाम्

    printed मधुरवचनां

    वचन, taking ā-stem feminine endings at the end of a bahuvrīhi

    sweet-voiced — Mallinātha answers मञ्जुभाषिणीम् and then makes the epithet the cause of the next one. The word DCS lemmatises is the neuter noun वचन; at the end of a bahuvrīhi describing a female bird it takes a feminine's endings, which is the same shift that carried दशन, प्रेक्षण, गमन and रूप through 2.22 and 2.23. The neuter वचन is declined as a feminine because the compound describes सारिकाम्

  • ā-stem feminine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    सारिकाम्

    printed सारिकां

    सारिका

    the myna — and Mallinātha says what kind of myna: स्त्रीपक्षिविशेषाम्, a particular bird, female. **The gender is the point.** It is what lets the wife address the bird as रसिके and put to her a question one woman puts to another, and it is nowhere in the verse: सारिका is feminine in form whatever bird it names, so only a lexicographer's note makes the bird herself a she

    The bird is made a person in three strokes, all of them Mallinātha's. सारिका he calls स्त्रीपक्षिविशेषाम्, a particular female bird — so she can be addressed as रसिके and put a woman's question. मधुरवचनाम् he answers with मञ्जुभाषिणीम्, 'sweet-spoken', and then joins it to the next epithet with अत एव, 'and that is exactly why': she is caged because she sings sweetly, हिंस्रेभ्यः कृतसंरक्षणाम्, kept safe from the things that would kill her. The verse prints two adjectives side by side; he reads the first as the cause of the second, which turns the cage from a confinement into a kindness and the bird from a prop into a confidante — which is what a woman who wants someone to talk to needs it to be.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.25: sārikāṃ strīpakṣiviśeṣām; madhuravacanāṃ mañjubhāṣiṇīm | ata eva pañjarasthām | hiṃsrebhyaḥ kṛtasaṃrakṣaṇām
  • ā-stem feminine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    पञ्जरस्थाम्

    printed पञ्जरस्थां

    स्थ, from √स्था with the affix क, taking ā-stem feminine endings

    in her cage — the whole of √स्था that survives the affix क is one syllable. Mallinātha gives no derivation and gives instead a purpose: हिंस्रेभ्यः कृतसंरक्षणाम्, she has been kept safe from what would kill her, and अत एव, and precisely because she talks sweetly. **So the cage is a kindness in his reading**, which is what a woman who wants a confidante needs it to be. The a-stem स्थ is declined as a feminine because the compound describes सारिकाम्

  • अव्यय

    कच्चिद्

    printed कच्चिद्भर्तुः

    कच्चित्

    is it that — a particle for asking, and not a neutral one. Mallinātha cites Amara: “कच्चित्कामप्रवेदने”, kaccit is used in making a wish known. **So the asker's own wish is inside the question**: she is not gathering information from the bird, she is saying what she hopes while appearing to ask. The same Amara line stands again in this commentary at **2.54**, spelled `kAmamavedane` there, and his gloss at that place — अभिप्रायज्ञापनं कामप्रवेदनम् — settles which of the two spellings is the right one, so the reading printed here is the sound one

  • ṛ-stem masculine, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular

    भर्तुः

    भर्तृ, the agent noun of √भृ with तृच्

    your master — and the sixth case here is not possession. Mallinātha names the rule: “अधीगर्थदयेशां कर्मणि” इति कर्मणि षष्ठी — Pāṇini 2.3.52 puts the genitive on the *object* of a verb meaning to remember. So भर्तुः is what स्मरसि acts on, and he writes the ordinary construction out beside it to show what it comes to: भर्तारं स्मरति किमित्यर्थः, does she remember her husband. **DCS's `c=6` is right about the ending and says nothing about the relation**, which is the same shape as the ablative-or-genitive at 2.21 — except that there the ending was in doubt and here only its work is. **And his भर्तारम् is the very cell skt-data cannot build**: the agent noun's accusative singular lengthens, and the पितृ pattern the generator declines every ṛ-stem on gives भर्तरम्. The right form and the wrong one stand one line apart

  • √स्मृ, class 1, लट्, parasmaipada, second person singular

    स्मरसि

    √स्मृ of the first class

    do you remember — the second person, and the only word in the stanza spoken to someone who is not the cloud. It is addressed to the bird, inside a question the wife is guessed to be asking. **The verse has two second persons and they are different people**: ते in the first pāda is the cloud, स्मरसि and त्वम् in the fourth are the myna

  • ā-stem feminine, सम्बोधन एकवचन vocative singular

    रसिके

    रसिका, taking ā-stem feminine endings

    you who have a taste for it — a vocative, and the one word of the stanza that is unmistakably in the wife's own voice. Mallinātha writes हे रसिके. रसिक is one who knows रस, relish, so the address flatters the bird into being the sort of creature who would understand about love. **Another feminine adjective lemmatised in the masculine by DCS and left without a table by the drafting script**, alongside व्याकुला, वचनाम्, स्थाम् and प्रिया: five in one stanza. The a-stem adjective रसिक is declined as a feminine because the bird addressed is female

  • pronoun, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    त्वम्

    printed त्वं

    त्वद्

    you — the bird, not the cloud, and the shift is unmarked. The word is not needed for the verb, which already carries its person; it is there because the last clause is an argument and an argument wants its subject said. **Mallinātha reads it as the hinge**: हि यस्मात्कारणात्त्वं तस्य भर्तुः … प्रिया, since *you* are the one he loved

  • अव्यय

    हि

    हि

    for — and Mallinātha stops the commentary to say what it is doing: स्मरणे कारणमाह, he gives the reason for the remembering, हि यस्मात्कारणात्, hi, that is, because. **So the last pāda is not two remarks but one inference**: remember him — because you were dear to him. The particle is the whole of the joint

  • pronoun, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular

    तस्य

    तद्

    his — pointing back at भर्तुः two words earlier, which is itself a word the wife uses instead of a name. **Between them the two say the same man twice without saying him once**, which is what the whole of this passage does with both husband and wife

  • ā-stem feminine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    प्रिया

    printed प्रियेति

    प्रिया, from √प्री with the affix क

    his darling — but Mallinātha will not take the word as an endearment. He derives it: प्रीणातीति प्रिया, she who gives pleasure, with “इगुपधज्ञाप्रीकिरः कः” इति कप्रत्ययः — Pāṇini 3.1.135, which puts the affix क after ज्ञा, प्री and कॄ and after roots with इ, उ or ऋ before a final consonant. **So प्रिया is an agent noun and the last pāda is a syllogism**: you please him, therefore you are the object of his love, therefore you ought to remember him — अतः प्रेमास्पदत्वात्स्मर्तुमर्हसीति भावः. **And skt-mcp's English for that sūtra names the wrong root**: the Devanagari reads प्री and the meaning field writes श्री. Its own transliteration field has `preeki`, so the text is right and the gloss alone is wrong, which is the second time the sūtra database's translation layer has failed where its Devanagari held, after 4.1.44 at 2.22

  • अव्यय

    इति

    printed प्रियेति

    इति

    so — closing the quoted question, which is the only direct speech in the stanza and the only direct speech in this run of stanzas. Mallinātha marks the close himself: इत्येवं पृच्छन्ती वा

हे [supplied] · मेघ [supplied] · सा · बलिव्याकुला · वा · मत्सादृश्यम् · विरहतनु · भावगम्यम् · लिखन्ती · वा · मधुरवचनाम् · पञ्जरस्थाम् · सारिकाम् · कच्चिद् · भर्तुः · स्मरसि · रसिके · त्वम् · हि · तस्य · प्रिया · इति · पृच्छन्ती · वा · ते · आलोके · पुरा · निपतति

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, whose commentary runs as anvaya. He supplies the vocative हे मेघ, which the stanza does not carry — the first supplied word since 2.23 — and सा he answers with मत्प्रिया rather than moving it. **What he moves is the verb and its two words**: ते आलोके … पुरा निपतति opens the printed stanza and closes his reading, so that the three guesses stand first and the prediction they are guesses about comes last. He also brings the three वा-clauses into one run, and inside the third he puts पञ्जरस्थाम् before सारिकाम्, so that the two epithets he has just made into cause and effect stand together in front of the noun“he megha, sā matpriyā | baliṣu … vyākulā vyāpṛtā vā | … likhantī … | madhuravacanāṃ … ata eva pañjarasthām … sārikām … ity evaṃ pṛcchantī vā || tavāloke dṛṣṭipathe purā nipatati”

the dependency structure

निपतति · क्रिया — she will come into your sight; the finite verb of the stanza, present in form and future in sense

मेघ · सम्बोधन — O cloud; the addressee, supplied by Mallinātha, whom the stanza does not name

हे · आमन्त्रणद्योतक — the calling particle that marks the vocative

सा · उद्देश्य — she, मत्प्रिया; the subject, carried by a bare form of तद् and never named

बलिव्याकुला · agreeing with सा — busy with the offerings, व्यापृता; the first of the three guesses

वा · विकल्प — or; closing the first guess

लिखन्ती · agreeing with सा — drawing, a present participle in शतृ that keeps her hand moving; the second guess

मत्सादृश्यम् · कर्म — a likeness of me, which Mallinātha will take only as a portrait; the object of लिखन्ती

विरहतनु · agreeing with मत्सादृश्यम् — thin from separation, विरहेण तनु; a thinness she has never watched

भावगम्यम् · agreeing with मत्सादृश्यम् — to be got at by imagining, भावेन गम्यम्; how she knows the thinness

वा · विकल्प — or; closing the second guess

पृच्छन्ती · agreeing with सा — asking, a second present participle in शतृ; the third guess, which opens into speech

सारिकाम् · कर्म — the myna, a female bird; the one she asks

मधुरवचनाम् · agreeing with सारिकाम् — sweet-voiced, मञ्जुभाषिणीम्; which Mallinātha makes the reason for the next epithet

पञ्जरस्थाम् · agreeing with सारिकाम् — in her cage, kept safe from what would kill her, so the cage is protection

स्मरसि · क्रिया — do you remember; the verb of the quoted question, spoken to the bird, hung beneath पृच्छन्ती

कच्चिद् · प्रश्नद्योतक — is it that; the questioning particle, which by Amara carries the asker's own wish

भर्तुः · कर्मणि षष्ठी — your master, the object of remembering put in the genitive by 2.3.52, not a possessive

रसिके · सम्बोधन — O rasikā, you who have a taste for such things; the bird addressed in the wife's own voice

प्रिया · विधेय — his beloved, प्रीणातीति प्रिया; the predicate of the reason-clause त्वं हि तस्य प्रिया

त्वम् · उद्देश्य — you, the bird; the subject the argument names though the verb does not need it

हि · हेतु — for; the joint that makes the last pāda one inference and not two remarks

तस्य · षष्ठी — his, तस्य भर्तुः; pointing back at भर्तुः, the same man said twice and named none

इति · इतिकरण — so; closing the quoted question, the one piece of direct speech in the stanza

वा · विकल्प — or; closing the third guess

आलोके · अधिकरण — within your sight, दृष्टिपथे; the locative where the whole stanza lands

ते · षष्ठी — your, the cloud's, तव; the genitive that the sight belongs to

पुरा · कालवाचक — presently, निकटागामिके; the particle that drags the verb's tense to the future under 3.3.4

uncheckedMallinātha’s Sañjīvinī for the anvaya and the reading, which supplies the vocative हे मेघ and सा मत्प्रिया, reads the stanza as three guesses closed by three वा with the verb ते आलोके पुरा निपतति held to the end, takes निपतति as future by Pāṇini 3.3.4 with पुरा, and makes the last pāda an argument (कच्चित् by Amara, भर्तुः as the object of स्मरसि by 2.3.52, प्रिया derived by 3.1.135); the Telugu drawn from Vedam Venkataraya Sastri’s Āndhra Meghasandeśam.

Any moment now she will come into your sight — taken up with the offerings, or drawing a likeness of me thin from a separation she has never watched, or asking the sweet-voiced myna in her cage: “Do you remember your master, you who have a taste for such things? You were the one he loved.” **The stanza is three guesses strung on three वā, and the third opens into speech.** It is the first of the three that Mallinātha announced at the end of 2.24, where he said the poet imagines the marks common to every woman in separation and speaks them in the three stanzas beginning आलोके. **The tense is a trick and he catches it.** निपतति is present in form and future in sense: he writes सद्यो निपतिष्यतीत्यर्थः and names the rule, “यावत्पुरानिपातयोर्लट्”, Pāṇini 3.3.4, which puts the present-tense affix on a root that means the future when यावत् or पुरा stands with it. And पुरा itself he has to settle first, out of Amara, who gives it both for time past and for what is close and coming; he takes the second. **So one particle governs the tense of the verb and the mood of the stanza**, and neither shows on the verb. DCS tags लट् and says nothing, which is correct about the form and silent about the time. **The picture inside the poem is made the way the poem is.** She draws him विरहतनु, thin from separation, and भावगम्यम्, to be got at by imagining — and Mallinātha explains why the second word is there: तत्कार्यस्यादृष्टचरत्वात्सम्प्रति सम्भावनयोत्प्रेक्ष्यम्, the effect has never been seen, so it has to be conjectured. She has not seen him thin. **The yakṣa is guessing at a woman who is guessing at him**, and the two guesses meet in a drawing neither of them can check. **He argues with सादृश्य and then cites himself.** A likeness, he says, is properly a sameness of shape residing in some other thing already known — a relation, not an object, and so not a thing anyone could draw. Here it must mean a portrait, प्रतिकृति, इतरथा लेख्यत्वासम्भवात्; the Akṣayyakośa's “आलेख्येऽपि च सादृश्यम्” is produced to license it. Then: एतच्च कामशास्त्रसंवादेन सम्यग्विवेचितमस्माभी रघुवंशसञ्जीविन्याम् — we have gone into this fully in our Sañjīvinī on the Raghuvaṃśa, at सादृश्यप्रतिकृतिदर्शनैः प्रियायाः. **That is the first time in either canto that he refers a reader to another book of his own**, and it is the one cross-reference in the commentary so far that this repository cannot check, since the Raghuvaṃśa is not in it. **The bird is made a person in three strokes, all of them his.** सारिका he calls स्त्रीपक्षिविशेषा, a female bird — so she can be addressed as रसिके and asked a woman's question. मधुरवचना he answers with मञ्जुभाषिणी and then joins to the next epithet with अत एव: she is caged *because* she sings sweetly, हिंस्रेभ्यः कृतसंरक्षणाम्, kept safe from what would eat her. The verse prints two adjectives in a row and he reads them as cause and effect, which turns the cage from a confinement into a kindness and the bird from a prop into a confidante. **And the last pāda is an argument, not an endearment.** कच्चित् he takes from Amara as कामप्रवेदन, the particle for making a wish known, so the question announces what the asker hopes. भर्तुः is not a possessive but the object of स्मरसि, by “अधीगर्थदयेशां कर्मणि”, Pāṇini 2.3.52, which puts the sixth case on what a verb of remembering acts on. हि he stops to gloss — स्मरणे कारणमाह, he is giving the reason. And प्रिया he derives rather than translates: प्रीणातीति प्रिया, she who gives pleasure, by “इगुपधज्ञाप्रीकिरः कः”. **So the closing words come out as a chain**: you please him, therefore you are the object of his love, therefore you ought to remember — अतः प्रेमास्पदत्वात्स्मर्तुमर्हसीति भावः. **No figure is written, and this is the stanza where that rule is hardest to keep.** He names no अलङ्कार anywhere in the comment. What he does is use the verb: सम्भावनयोत्प्रेक्ष्य at the end of 2.24, announcing these three, and सम्भावनयोत्प्रेक्ष्यम् here, glossing भावगम्यम्. उत्प्रेक्षा is the figure whose ground is सम्भावना, conjecture, so the word is the figure's own and is twice in two stanzas — but it is doing the work of a gloss both times, and the naming, if it is one, happened in the previous stanza rather than in this. The run's rule is that a figure is written only where the commentary names one, so none is written. **Whether a figure announced one stanza early and carried by a verb counts as named is the author's call**, and it is the same shape of question as the one already open about व्यङ्ग्य beside अलङ्कार at 2.7, 2.8 and 2.24.

uncheckedthe reader's reading, following Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī's gloss. His are: the two kinds of बलि, व्यापृता for व्याकुला, the सादृश्य-as-portrait argument with the Akṣayyakośa behind it and the reference to his own Raghuvaṃśa commentary, the sentence about conjecture that explains विरहतनु and भावगम्यम्, the female bird, अत एव joining the two epithets of the myna, the Amara citations on पुरा, वा and कच्चित्, the naming of Pāṇini 3.3.4, 2.3.52 and 3.1.135, the derivation of प्रिया, and the closing अतः प्रेमास्पदत्वात्स्मर्तुमर्हसीति भावः. That the yakṣa's guessing and the wife's guessing are the same act, that this is the first of the three stanzas he announced at 2.24, and that उत्प्रेक्ष्य falls twice in two stanzas without an अलङ्कार ever being named, are the reader's“tatkāryasyādṛṣṭacaratvāt samprati sambhāvanayotprekṣyam ity arthaḥ”

Any moment now she will come into your sight, O cloud — taken up with the offerings, or drawing a likeness of me thin from a separation she has never watched, only imagined, or asking the sweet-voiced myna in her cage: “Do you remember your master, you who have a taste for such things? You were the one he loved.” The stanza is three guesses strung on three वा — busy at worship, at her drawing, at her question — and no way to choose among them, and the third opens into the only direct speech in this run of the poem. It is the first of three stanzas Mallinātha announced at the end of 2.24, where he said the poet imagines the marks common to every woman in separation and speaks them in the three verses beginning आलोके. The last pāda comes out as an argument, not an endearment: कच्चित्, by Amara, is the particle for making a wish known, so the asker's hope is inside the question; भर्तुः is the object of स्मरसि, not a possessive; हि gives the reason; and प्रिया is derived, प्रीणातीति प्रिया — you please him, therefore you are dear to him, therefore you ought to remember, अतः प्रेमास्पदत्वात्स्मर्तुमर्हसीति भावः.

  • వేదం వేంకటరాయశాస్త్రి, ఆంధ్ర మేఘసందేశము — 2.25 తాత్పర్యము; vendor/vedam-meghasandesam-telugu-ocr.txt
  • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.25, whole-verse gloss

No figure is named for this verse by the commentary this reading follows, so none is shown.