printलघुसिद्धान्तकौमुदी — practise the grammar

मेघदूतम् · कालिदास · 1.30

अवन्ती · Viśālā, a fragment of heaven

प्राप्यावन्तीनुदयनकथाकोविदग्रामवृद्धान्

प्रा
प्या
व
न्ती
नु
द
य
न
क
था
को
वि
द
ग्रा
म
वृ
द्धान्

पूर्वोद्दिष्टामनुसर पुरीं श्रीविशालां विशालाम्

पू
र्वो
द्दि
ष्टा
म
नु
स
र
पु
रीं
श्री
वि
शा
लां
वि
शा
लाम्

स्वल्पीभूते सुचरितफले स्वर्गिणां गां गतानां

स्व
ल्पी
भू
ते
सु
च
रि
त
फ
ले
स्व
र्गि
णां
गां
ग
ता
नां

शेषैः पुण्यैर्हृतमिव दिवः कान्तिमत् खण्डमेकम्

शे
षैः
पु
ण्यै
र्हृ
त
मि
व
दि
वः
का
न्ति
म
त्ख
ण्ड
मे
कम्

pāda a

  • प्राguruits long vowel आ
  • प्याguruits long vowel आ
  • वguruthe conjunct न्त that follows it
  • न्तीguruits long vowel ई
  • नुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • दlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • यlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • कlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • थाguruits long vowel आ
  • कोguruits long vowel ओ
  • विlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • दguruthe conjunct ग्र that follows it
  • ग्राguruits long vowel आ
  • मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • वृguruthe conjunct द्ध that follows it
  • द्धान्guruthe end of the pāda, which counts the last syllable heavy
  • yati after 4 — it falls inside अवन्तीन्
  • yati after 10 — it falls inside the compound उदयनकथाकोविदग्रामवृद्धान्

pāda b

  • पूguruits long vowel ऊ
  • र्वोguruits long vowel ओ
  • द्दिguruthe conjunct ष्ट that follows it
  • ष्टाguruits long vowel आ
  • मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • सlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • पुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रींguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • श्रीguruits long vowel ई
  • विlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • शाguruits long vowel आ
  • लांguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • विlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • शाguruits long vowel आ
  • लाम्guruthe end of the pāda, which counts the last syllable heavy
  • yati after 4 — it falls inside the compound पूर्वोद्दिष्टाम्
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — पुरीं

pāda c

  • स्वguruthe conjunct ल्प that follows it
  • ल्पीguruits long vowel ई
  • भूguruits long vowel ऊ
  • तेguruits long vowel ए
  • सुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • चlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • फlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लेguruits long vowel ए
  • स्वguruthe conjunct र्ग that follows it
  • र्गिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • णांguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • गांguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • गlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • ताguruits long vowel आ
  • नांguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — स्वल्पीभूते
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — सुचरितफले

pāda d

  • शेguruits long vowel ए
  • षैःguruthe visarga it carries
  • पुguruthe conjunct ण्य that follows it
  • ण्यैguruits long vowel ऐ
  • र्हृlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • वlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • दिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • वःguruthe visarga it carries
  • काguruits long vowel आ
  • न्तिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मguruthe conjunct त्ख that follows it
  • त्खguruthe conjunct ण्ड that follows it
  • ण्डlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मेguruits long vowel ए
  • कम्guruthe end of the pāda, which counts the last syllable heavy
  • yati after 4 — it falls inside पुण्यैः
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — दिवः

  • प्राप्य + अवन्तीन् → प्राप्यावन्तीनुदयनकथाकोविदग्रामवृद्धान्

    अ + अ → आ

  • अवन्तीन् + उदयनकथाकोविदग्रामवृद्धान् → प्राप्यावन्तीनुदयनकथाकोविदग्रामवृद्धान्

    न् + उ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • पूर्वोद्दिष्टाम् + अनुसर → पूर्वोद्दिष्टामनुसर

    म् + अ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • पुरीम् + श्रीविशालाम् → पुरीं

    म् + श्

  • श्रीविशालाम् + विशालाम् → श्रीविशालां

    म् + व्

  • स्वर्गिणाम् + गाम् → स्वर्गिणां

    म् + ग्

  • गाम् + गतानाम् → गां

    म् + ग्

  • गतानाम् + शेषैः → गतानां

    म् + श्

  • पुण्यैः + हृतम् → पुण्यैर्हृतमिव

    ः + ह्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • हृतम् + इव → पुण्यैर्हृतमिव

    म् + इ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • खण्डम् + एकम् → खण्डमेकम्

    म् + ए

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • उदयन + कथा → उदयनकथाकोविदग्रामवृद्धान्

    अ + क्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • कथा + कोविद → उदयनकथाकोविदग्रामवृद्धान्

    आ + क्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • कोविद + ग्राम → उदयनकथाकोविदग्रामवृद्धान्

    अ + ग्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • ग्राम + वृद्ध → उदयनकथाकोविदग्रामवृद्धान्

    अ + व्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • पूर्व + उद्दिष्ट → पूर्वोद्दिष्टाम्

    अ + उ → ओ · falls inside the syllable र्वो

  • श्री + विशाल → श्रीविशालाम्

    ई + व्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • स्वल्प + भूत → स्वल्पीभूते

    अ + भ्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • सु + चरित → सुचरितफले

    उ + च्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • चरित + फल → सुचरितफले

    अ + फ्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

पुण्यैर्हृतम् shows the visarga going to र्: the visarga of पुण्यैः stands before the voiced ह् and becomes र्. Three word-final म्'s are kept as अनुस्वार before a consonant — पुरीं श्रीविशालां, श्रीविशालां विशालाम्, गां गतानां — while the same म् is written out in full before a vowel: पूर्वोद्दिष्टामनुसर, हृतमिव, खण्डमेकम्. Inside the compounds the vowels fuse: प्राप्य + अवन्तीन् gives प्राप्यावन्तीन्, अ and अ to a single आ, and पूर्व + उद्दिष्ट gives पूर्वोद्दिष्ट, अ and उ to ओ. स्वल्पीभूते carries the च्वि change: स्वल्प becomes स्वल्पी, its final अ lengthened to ई before भू.

  • Chinnaya Sūri, Bālavyākaraṇam — సంధిపరిచ్ఛేదము; vendor/balavyakaranam-sandhi.txt

  • अवन्तीन् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

    with उदयनकथाकोविदग्रामवृद्धान्

  • पुरीम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

    with पूर्वोद्दिष्टाम्, श्रीविशालाम्

  • विशालाम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

  • स्वल्पीभूते सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location

  • सुचरितफले सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location

  • स्वर्गिणाम् षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word

    with गतानाम्

  • गाम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

  • शेषैः तृतीया · instrumental — करण, the instrument or cause

  • पुण्यैः तृतीया · instrumental — करण, the instrument or cause

  • हृतम् प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • दिवः षष्ठी · genitive — षष्ठी — of heaven, construed with खण्डम्

    दिवः is alike in the genitive and the ablative singular, and the participle हृतम्, "carried down," would license either: "a piece OF heaven" or "carried FROM heaven." DCS tags it the ablative. Mallinātha reads the genitive and joins it to खण्डम् — स्वर्गस्य खण्डम्, "a piece of heaven" — which is the reading followed here.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.30: divaḥ svargasya khaṇḍamiva

  • कान्तिमत् प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • खण्डम् प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • एकम् प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

प्रकरण 1 · हलन्त्यम्

प्रकरण 2 · इको यणचि

प्रकरण 3 · स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः

प्रकरण 4 · वा शरि

प्रकरण 5 · अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्

प्रकरण 7 · अतोऽम्

प्रकरण 8 · हो ढः

प्रकरण 11 · स्वरादिनिपातमव्ययम्

प्रकरण 12 · लः कर्मणि च भावे चाकर्मकेभ्यः

प्रकरण 13 · अदिप्रभृतिभ्यः शपः

प्रकरण 16 · स्वादिभ्यः श्नुः

प्रकरण 34 · ण्वुल्तृचौ

प्रकरण 36 · तुमुन्ण्वुलौ क्रियायां क्रियार्थायाम्

प्रकरण 60 · स्त्रियाम्

not in the abridgement

  • अ अ 8.4.68← अनुसर; गतानाम्; हृतम्

उदयनकथाकोविदग्रामवृद्धान्

उदयन · कथा · कोविद · ग्राम · वृद्ध

  1. उदयनस्य कथाः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the tales told of Udayana

  2. उदयनकथानां कोविदाः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the ones who know them

  3. ग्रामेषु वृद्धाः

    तत्पुरुष (locative) — the old men of the villages

  4. उदयनकथाकोविदाः ग्रामवृद्धाः

    कर्मधारय — those old men, and they are the ones who know

  5. उदयनकथाकोविदग्रामवृद्धाः येषु तान्

    बहुव्रीहि — the districts they live in

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to अवन्तीन्. the Avantis, where the village elders know the tale of Udayana — Mallinātha names the tale: the carrying off of Vāsavadattā and the other marvels told of Udayana, king of the Vatsas. He derives कोविद on the way past: विद by the same क that made रुह at 1.29, and को out of ओकस्, the field to be known, with the vowel lost and the word allowed to stand as it is by the rule for words of the पृषोदर class

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī“vidantīti vidāḥ || igupadhalakṣaṇaḥ kaḥ || okaso vedyasthānasya vidāḥ kovidāḥ || … udayanasya vatsarājasya kathānāṃ vāsavadattāharaṇādyadbhutopākhyānānāṃ kovidāstattvajñā grāmeṣu ye vṛddhāste santi yeṣu tānavantīn”

पूर्वोद्दिष्टाम्

पूर्व · उद्दिष्ट

  1. पूर्वम् उद्दिष्टा

    कर्मधारय — pointed out earlier

कर्मधारय — it agrees with पुरीम्. spoken of before — Mallinātha glosses पूर्वोक्ताम् and then says exactly where by quoting the line: the सौधोत्सङ्गप्रणयविमुखो मा स्म भूः of 1.27. Three verses have gone by since the city was named, and this word reaches back over them

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī“pūrvoddiṣṭāṃ pūrvoktāṃ “saudhotsaṅgapraṇayavimukho mā sma bhūrujjayinyāḥ” ityuktām”

श्रीविशालाम्

श्री · विशाल

  1. श्रिया विशाला

    तत्पुरुष (instrumental) — wide with wealth

तत्पुरुष — it agrees with पुरीम्. great with her wealth — Mallinātha glosses सम्पत्तिमहतीम् and quotes Śāśvata for श्री being सम्पत्ति rather than beauty alone. The word plays against the one beside it: विशाला is what the city is called, and श्रीविशाला is what she is

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī“śrīviśālāṃ sampattimahatīm || “śobhāsampattipadmāsu lakṣmīḥ śrīriva dṛśyate” iti śāśvataḥ”

स्वल्पीभूते

स्वल्प · भूत

  1. अस्वल्पं स्वल्पं भूतम्

    तत्पुरुष — what was not small has turned small

तत्पुरुष. grown small — the same shape as the वेणीभूत of 1.29: a form in च्वि with भू, which says a thing turning into what it was not. Mallinātha spells the state out: अत्यल्पावशिष्टे, when the very least of it is left

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī“svalpībhūte | atyalpāvaśiṣṭe satītyarthaḥ”

सुचरितफले

सु · चरित · फल

  1. सुष्ठु चरितम्

    कर्मधारय — what was well done

  2. सुचरितस्य फलम्

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the fruit of it

तत्पुरुष. the fruit of their good deeds — Mallinātha glosses पुण्यफले and says which fruit it is: स्वर्गोपभोगलक्षणे, the one that consists in the enjoyment of heaven, and so runs out as it is enjoyed

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī“sucaritaphale puṇyaphale svargopabhogalakṣaṇe”

  • ल्यप्

    प्राप्य

    printed प्राप्यावन्तीनुदयनकथाकोविदग्रामवृद्धान्

    प्राप्य, from प्र + √आप्

    having reached — the absolutive that puts the arriving before the going on, and the second in two verses after the सन्निपत्य of 1.28

  • i-stem masculine, द्वितीया बहुवचन accusative plural

    अवन्तीन्

    printed प्राप्यावन्तीनुदयनकथाकोविदग्रामवृद्धान्

    अवन्ति

    the Avantis — a country named in the plural, as the names of peoples and their lands are. Mallinātha glosses तन्नामजनपदान्, the districts that go by that name

  • a-stem masculine, द्वितीया बहुवचन accusative plural

    उदयनकथाकोविदग्रामवृद्धान्

    printed प्राप्यावन्तीनुदयनकथाकोविदग्रामवृद्धान्

    वृद्ध

    old men — the last member of the compound, which as a whole describes the country and not the men in it

    उदयनकथाकोविदग्रामवृद्धान्, one word for a whole district, is a bahuvrīhi — a compound that names not itself but something it belongs to. Read out, it is “[the country] whose village elders (ग्रामवृद्ध) are skilled (कोविद) in the tales (कथा) of Udayana,” and it agrees with अवन्तीन्, the Avanti country, not with any men. Mallinātha names the tale: the carrying-off of Vāsavadattā and the other marvels told of Udayana, king of the Vatsas. He also builds कोविद on the way past: विद, “one who knows,” from √विद् with the suffix क (the same क that made रुह at 1.29); and को out of ओकस्, “the field to be known,” its vowel dropped and the word left to stand as it is by the rule for the पृषोदर class — words the grammar lets keep an irregular shape.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.30: vidantīti vidāḥ | igupadhalakṣaṇaḥ kaḥ | okaso vedyasthānasya vidāḥ kovidāḥ … udayanasya vatsarājasya kathānāṃ vāsavadattāharaṇādyadbhutopākhyānānāṃ kovidāḥ

  • √दिश् + क्त, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    पूर्वोद्दिष्टाम्

    printed पूर्वोद्दिष्टामनुसर

    उद्दिष्ट, from उद् + √दिश्

    pointed out — a past participle in its ordinary passive sense, which is what it was not at 1.27's प्रस्थितस्य

  • √सृ, class 1, लोट्, parasmaipada, second person singular

    अनुसर

    printed पूर्वोद्दिष्टामनुसर

    √सृ with अनु

    make for — Mallinātha glosses व्रज, the imperative that carried the cloud at 1.16 and 1.26. The third command of the journey, and the first that names a city rather than a direction

  • ī-stem feminine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    पुरीम्

    printed पुरीं

    पुरी

    the city — Mallinātha names her outright, उज्जयिनीम्, which the verse itself never does

  • ā-stem feminine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    श्रीविशालाम्

    printed श्रीविशालां

    विशाला, the feminine of विशाल

    wide, ample — an adjective here rather than a name, and the same word stands alone in the next breath as the name

    श्रीविशालां विशालाम् sets the same word beside itself, once as what the city is called and once as what she is. विशाला is her name — Mallinātha had already given it at 1.27 out of Utpala, विशालोज्जयिनी समा, “Viśālā and Ujjayinī are the same.” श्रीविशाला is then not the name but a description: “wide with श्री.” And श्री here is not beauty but wealth — Mallinātha glosses सम्पत्तिमहतीम्, “great with her riches,” and quotes Śāśvata that श्री shows as सम्पत्ति, plenty. Name and description are one word twice over: the city is called Wide, and she is wide with wealth.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.30: śrīviśālāṃ sampattimahatīm | “śobhāsampattipadmāsu lakṣmīḥ śrīriva dṛśyate” iti śāśvataḥ

  • ā-stem feminine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    विशालाम्

    विशाला

    Viśālā — the city's other name, which Mallinātha had already given at 1.27 out of Utpala: विशालोज्जयिनी समा, Viśālā and Ujjayinī are the same. Standing next to श्रीविशालाम्, the name and the description are the same word twice

  • √भू + च्वि + क्त, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    स्वल्पीभूते

    स्वल्पीभूत, from स्वल्प with च्वि and √भू

    having grown small — a locative absolute with सुचरितफले: the merit dwindling is the circumstance, not the subject

    स्वल्पीभूते सुचरितफले is a locative absolute — Sanskrit's way of saying “when this was so” without a full clause, by putting both the thing and its state in the locative. Here: “when the fruit of good deeds had grown small.” स्वल्पीभूत is built with च्वि, the same form as वेणीभूत at 1.29: a suffix that, with √भू, “to become,” says a thing turning into what it was not — the merit that was not small became small. The च्वि lengthens the stem's final अ to ई, स्वल्प to स्वल्पी, then भूत, “become.” Mallinātha spells the state out: अत्यल्पावशिष्टे, “when the very least of it is left.”

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.30: svalpībhūte | atyalpāvaśiṣṭe satītyarthaḥ

  • a-stem neuter, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    सुचरितफले

    फल

    fruit — the locative of the absolute construction, which is Sanskrit's way of saying "when this was so" without a clause

  • in-stem masculine, षष्ठी बहुवचन genitive plural

    स्वर्गिणाम्

    printed स्वर्गिणां

    स्वर्गिन्

    of those who had heaven — Mallinātha glosses स्वर्गवतां जनानाम्, people who possessed it, which is what the -इन् says: not gods, but men who had earned the place and used it up

  • o-stem feminine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    गाम्

    printed गां

    गो

    the earth — Mallinātha glosses भूमिम् and quotes Amara's list of words for it, गौः, इला, कुम्भिनी, क्षमा. The word that usually means a cow means the earth here, and the whole line turns on it: they are back on the ground. गो is irregular: it makes an accusative singular गाम् that no other stem makes

    गाम् usually means “cow,” but here it means the earth — Mallinātha glosses भूमिम् and quotes Amara's list of words for the ground, गौः, इला, कुम्भिनी, क्षमा. The whole line turns on it: गां गतानाम्, “of those gone to earth,” the once-heaven-dwellers come back down to the world of men. The word is irregular in form too: the stem गो makes an accusative singular गाम् that no ordinary stem makes.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.30: gāṃ bhūmiṃ gatānām | “gaurilā kumbhinī kṣamā” ityamaraḥ

  • √गम् + क्त, षष्ठी बहुवचन genitive plural

    गतानाम्

    printed गतानां

    गत, from √गम्

    of those who have gone — a past participle used actively, and Mallinātha adds the word that makes the sense sharp: पुनरपि, gone back again to the world of men

  • a-stem neuter, तृतीया बहुवचन instrumental plural

    शेषैः

    शेष

    left over — Mallinātha glosses भुक्तशिष्टैः, what remained after the eating. The merits are the leavings of a meal

  • a-stem neuter, तृतीया बहुवचन instrumental plural

    पुण्यैः

    printed पुण्यैर्हृतमिव

    पुण्य

    by their merits — Mallinātha glosses सुकृतैः and then argues the point: works done for heaven's sake must give heaven, so what is left of them cannot simply lapse. It has to become something, and what it becomes is this city

  • √हृ + क्त, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    हृतम्

    printed पुण्यैर्हृतमिव

    हृत, from √हृ

    carried down — Mallinātha glosses आनीतम्, brought here. The same root as the हर of 1.7, where the cloud was asked to carry the message

  • अव्यय

    इव

    printed पुण्यैर्हृतमिव

    इव

    as though — the one word that turns the second half into a fancy rather than a claim, and the word Mallinātha points at when he names the figure

    इव, “as though,” is the one word that makes the whole second half a fancy and not a claim. Mallinātha names the figure on it: उत्प्रेक्षा, the figure of imagining — one thing pictured as another, with the picturing marked as such. The city is imagined as a piece of heaven brought down to earth. And Mallinātha says what the fancy achieves without stating it outright: by it, Ujjayinī's being past every city on earth and the very substance of them all is conveyed — एतेन अतिक्रान्तसकलभूलोकनगरसौभाग्यसारत्वम् उज्जयिन्या व्यज्यते.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.30: divaḥ svargasya khaṇḍamiva sthitāmityutprekṣā || etenātikrāntasakalabhūlokanagarasaubhāgyasāratvamujjayinyā vyajyate

  • v-stem feminine, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular

    दिवः

    दिव्

    of heaven — Mallinātha glosses स्वर्गस्य, a genitive, and construes it with खण्डम्: a piece of heaven. DCS tags the same form as an ablative, which the participle हृतम् would equally license: carried down from heaven. दिव् is irregular: it makes दिवः alike in the genitive and the ablative singular

  • at-stem neuter, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    कान्तिमत्

    कान्तिमत्, from कान्ति with मतुप्

    bright — Mallinātha unpacks the suffix as a relative clause, कान्तिरस्यास्तीति, "it has kānti", glosses उज्ज्वलम्, and then says what the brightness stands for: सारभूतम्, the part that is the substance of the thing. The nominative singular is the bare weak stem, where the masculine would be कान्तिमान्

  • a-stem neuter, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    खण्डम्

    printed खण्डमेकम्

    खण्ड

    a piece — what the city is fancied to be, broken off heaven and set down here

  • sarvanāman neuter, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    एकम्

    printed खण्डमेकम्

    एक

    another — not the numeral. Mallinātha glosses भुक्तादन्यत्, other than the piece already eaten up, and quotes Amara for एक meaning chief, other, or alone as well as one. The heaven they spent is gone; this is a different piece of it

    एकम् in the last line is not the numeral “one.” Mallinātha glosses भुक्तादन्यत्, “other than the piece already eaten up,” and quotes Amara that एक can mean chief, other, or alone as well as one. The heaven those people spent is gone; the city is a different piece of it, broken off and set down here. Read “another bright piece of heaven,” not “one.”

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.30: ekaṃ bhuktādanyat | “eke mukhyānyakevalāḥ” ityamaraḥ

उदयनकथाकोविदग्रामवृद्धान् · अवन्तीन् · प्राप्य · पूर्वोद्दिष्टाम् · श्रीविशालाम् · विशालाम् · पुरीम् · अनुसर · सुचरितफले · स्वल्पीभूते · गाम् · गतानाम् · स्वर्गिणाम् · शेषैः · पुण्यैः · दिवः · कान्तिमत् · एकम् · खण्डम् · हृतम् · इव

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, whose commentary is written as anvaya“tānavantīṃstannāmajanapadānprāpya tatra pūrvoddiṣṭāṃ … viśālāṃ purīmujjayinīmanusara vraja | kathamiva sthitām”

the dependency structure

अनुसर · क्रिया — make for; Mallinātha glosses व्रज, the same imperative that carried the cloud at 1.16 and 1.26, now aimed at a named city rather than a direction

प्राप्य · having reached — the absolutive (ल्यप्) that sets the arriving before the going, the second in three verses after the सन्निपत्य of 1.28

अवन्तीन् · कर्म — the Avantis, the country named in the plural as peoples and their lands are; Mallinātha glosses तन्नामजनपदान्

उदयनकथाकोविदग्रामवृद्धान् · a bahuvrīhi agreeing with अवन्तीन् — the country whose village elders know the tale of Udayana; it describes the land, not any men in it

पुरीम् · कर्म — the city, which Mallinātha names outright, उज्जयिनीम्, though the verse itself never does

पूर्वोद्दिष्टाम् · agreeing with पुरीम् — spoken of before, reaching back three verses to the सौधोत्सङ्ग line of 1.27

श्रीविशालाम् · agreeing with पुरीम् — great with her wealth, सम्पत्तिमहतीम्

विशालाम् · agreeing with पुरीम् — Viśālā, the city's own name, the same word standing beside श्रीविशालाम्

खण्डम् · the fancy's predicate — a piece [of heaven] the city is imagined to stand as; Mallinātha names the उत्प्रेक्षा here, दिवः खण्डमिव स्थिताम्

इव · as though — the mark of the fancy, the word that makes the second half an imagining and not a claim

दिवः · षष्ठी — of heaven, the genitive Mallinātha construes with खण्डम्

कान्तिमत् · agreeing with खण्डम् — bright, the very substance of the thing, सारभूतम्

एकम् · agreeing with खण्डम् — another, other than the piece already spent, भुक्तादन्यत्

हृतम् · agreeing with खण्डम् — carried down here, आनीतम्; the verbal core of the fancy

पुण्यैः · करण — with the merits, सुकृतैः, the instrument of the carrying

शेषैः · agreeing with पुण्यैः — the leftover ones, भुक्तशिष्टैः, what remained after heaven was enjoyed

स्वर्गिणाम् · षष्ठी — of those who had heaven, स्वर्गवतां जनानाम्, whose merits these are

गतानाम् · agreeing with स्वर्गिणाम् — having gone back down, पुनरपि भूलोकगतानाम्

गाम् · कर्म — to the earth, भूमिम्, the goal they have gone to

सुचरितफले · locative absolute — when the fruit of their good deeds…, the circumstance of the whole descent

स्वल्पीभूते · agreeing with सुचरितफले — had grown small, अत्यल्पावशिष्टे

uncheckedMallinātha’s Sañjīvinī for the anvaya and the reading; the Telugu drawn from Vedam Venkataraya Sastri’s Āndhra Meghasandeśam and the Bālānandinī

Reach the Avantis, where the village elders have the tale of Udayana by heart, and make for the city spoken of before — Viśālā, wide, and wide with wealth. She stands as though, when the fruit of their good deeds had dwindled and they had come back down to earth, the people who had held heaven had carried one bright piece of it here with the merits they had left over.

uncheckedthe reader's reading, following Mallinātha's gloss

Reach the Avantis, where the village elders have Udayana's tale by heart, and make for the city spoken of before — Viśālā, and wide with wealth. She stands as though, when the fruit of their good deeds had dwindled and they had come back down to earth, the people who once held heaven had carried one bright piece of it here with the merits they had left over.

  • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 1.30, whole-verse gloss

उत्प्रेक्षा — The figure of fancy: one thing is imagined as being another, and the imagining is marked as an imagining — by इव, or by मन्ये, or by a word like नूनम्. What it says is not asserted to be true.

Mallinātha names it on the whole second half, and the इव of pāda 4 is the mark: the city stands as though it were a piece of heaven brought down. He then says what the fancy achieves — by it, Ujjayinī's being the very substance of every city on earth, and past all of them, is conveyed without being stated.

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī“divaḥ svargasya khaṇḍamiva sthitāmityutprekṣā || etenātikrāntasakalabhūlokanagarasaubhāgyasāratvamujjayinyā vyajyate”