मेघदूतम् · कालिदास · 2.43

संदेश · what he would have whispered in her ear

शब्दाख्येयं यदपि किल ते यः सखीनां पुरस्तात्

श
ब्दा
ख्ये
यं
य
द
पि
कि
ल
ते
यः
स
खी
नां
पु
र
स्तात्

कर्णे लोलः कथयितुमभूदाननस्पर्शलोभात्

क
र्णे
लो
लः
क
थ
यि
तु
म
भू
दा
न
न
स्प
र्श
लो
भात्

सोऽतिक्रान्तः श्रवणविषयं लोचनाभ्यामदृष्टः

सो
ऽति
क्रा
न्तः
श्र
व
ण
वि
ष
यं
लो
च
ना
भ्या
म
दृ
ष्टः

त्वामुत्कण्ठाविरचितपदं मन्मुखेनेदमाह

त्वा
मु
त्क
ण्ठा
वि
र
चि
त
प
दं
म
न्मु
खे
ने
द
मा
ह

pāda a

  • शguruthe conjunct ब्द that follows it
  • ब्दाguruits long vowel आ
  • ख्येguruits long vowel ए
  • यंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • यlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • दlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • पिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • किlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तेguruits long vowel ए
  • यःguruthe visarga it carries
  • सlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • खीguruits long vowel ई
  • नांguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • पुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रguruthe conjunct स्त that follows it
  • स्तात्guruthe end of the pāda, which counts the last syllable heavy
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — शब्दाख्येयं
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — ते

pāda b

  • कguruthe conjunct र्ण that follows it
  • र्णेguruits long vowel ए
  • लोguruits long vowel ओ
  • लःguruthe visarga it carries
  • कlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • थlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • यिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • भूguruits long vowel ऊ
  • दाguruits long vowel आ
  • नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नguruthe conjunct स्प that follows it
  • स्पguruthe conjunct र्श that follows it
  • र्शlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लोguruits long vowel ओ
  • भात्guruthe end of the pāda, which counts the last syllable heavy
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — लोलः
  • yati after 10 — it falls inside अभूत्

pāda c

  • सोguruits long vowel ओ
  • ऽतिguruthe conjunct क्र that follows it
  • क्राguruits long vowel आ
  • न्तःguruthe visarga it carries
  • श्रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • वlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • णlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • विlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • षlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • यंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • लोguruits long vowel ओ
  • चlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नाguruits long vowel आ
  • भ्याguruits long vowel आ
  • मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • दृguruthe conjunct ष्ट that follows it
  • ष्टःguruthe visarga it carries
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — सोऽतिक्रान्तः
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — श्रवणविषयं

pāda d

  • त्वाguruits long vowel आ
  • मुguruthe conjunct त्क that follows it
  • त्कguruthe conjunct ण्ठ that follows it
  • ण्ठाguruits long vowel आ
  • विlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • चिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • तlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • पlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • दंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • मguruthe conjunct न्म that follows it
  • न्मुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • खेguruits long vowel ए
  • नेguruits long vowel ए
  • दlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • माguruits long vowel आ
  • हlaghuits short vowel — light on its own, though the pāda ends here
  • yati after 4 — a compound member ends here, inside उत्कण्ठाविरचितपदम्
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — त्वामुत्कण्ठाविरचितपदं
  • शब्दाख्येयम् + यत् → शब्दाख्येयं

    म् + य्

  • यत् + अपि → यदपि

    त् + अ

  • सखीनाम् + पुरस्तात् → सखीनां

    म् + प्

  • कथयितुम् + अभूत् → कथयितुमभूदाननस्पर्शलोभात्

    म् + अ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • अभूत् + आननस्पर्शलोभात् → कथयितुमभूदाननस्पर्शलोभात्

    त् + आ

  • सः + अतिक्रान्तः → सोऽतिक्रान्तः

    ः + अ → ओ

  • श्रवणविषयम् + लोचनाभ्याम् → श्रवणविषयं

    म् + ल्

  • लोचनाभ्याम् + अदृष्टः → लोचनाभ्यामदृष्टः

    म् + अ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • त्वाम् + उत्कण्ठाविरचितपदम् → त्वामुत्कण्ठाविरचितपदं

    म् + उ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • मन्मुखेन + इदम् → मन्मुखेनेदमाह

    अ + इ → ए

  • इदम् + आह → मन्मुखेनेदमाह

    म् + आ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • शब्द + आख्येय → शब्दाख्येयम्

    अ + आ → आ · falls inside the syllable ब्दा

  • आनन + स्पर्श → आननस्पर्शलोभात्

    अ + स्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • स्पर्श + लोभ → आननस्पर्शलोभात्

    अ + ल्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • श्रवण + विषय → श्रवणविषयम्

    अ + व्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • उत्कण्ठा + विरचित → उत्कण्ठाविरचितपदम्

    आ + व्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • विरचित + पद → उत्कण्ठाविरचितपदम्

    अ + प्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • मद् + मुख → मन्मुखेन

    द् + म्

यत् + अपि makes यदपि, the final त् voicing to द् before the vowel by Pāṇini 8.2.39 झलां जशोऽन्ते, and अभूत् + आननस्पर्श makes अभूदाननस्पर्श the same way. मद् + मुख makes मन्मुख, the द् becoming the nasal न् before the following nasal म् by 8.4.45 यरोऽनुनासिकेऽनुनासिको वा. सः + अतिक्रान्तः makes सोऽतिक्रान्तः and लालसः + अभूत् makes लालसोऽभूत्, the visarga going to उ and combining with the preceding अ to ओ, and the following अ then elided and written with an avagraha by 6.1.109 एङः पदान्तादति. लोलः + लालसः makes लोलो लालसः, the visarga becoming ओ before the voiced ल् by 6.1.114 हशि च. मन्मुखेन + इदम् makes मन्मुखेनेदम्, अ and इ giving ए by 6.1.87 आद्गुणः. A word-final म् becomes anusvāra before a consonant by 8.3.23 मोऽनुस्वारः — शब्दाख्येयं यदपि, त्वामुत्कण्ठाविरचितपदं — and is kept before a vowel, कथयितुमभूत्, लोचनाभ्यामदृष्टः, इदमाह.

  • Chinnaya Sūri, Bālavyākaraṇam — సంధిపరిచ్ఛేదము; vendor/balavyakaranam-sandhi.txt
  • Aṣṭādhyāyī — 8.2.39 झलां जशोऽन्ते; 8.4.45 यरोऽनुनासिकेऽनुनासिको वा; 8.3.23 मोऽनुस्वारः
  • यत् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

    with शब्दाख्येयम्

  • ते षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word

  • यः प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • सखीनाम् षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word

  • कर्णे सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location

  • लोलः प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • आननस्पर्शलोभात् पञ्चमी · ablative — अपादान, the point of departure

  • सः प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • अतिक्रान्तः प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • श्रवणविषयम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

  • लोचनाभ्याम् तृतीया · instrumental — करण, the instrument or cause

  • अदृष्टः प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • त्वाम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

  • मन्मुखेन तृतीया · instrumental — मद् before a nasal: द् written न्

    मन्मुखेन, 'through my mouth', is मद् (my) with मुख (mouth). The द् of मद् is written न् before the nasal म् of मुख, which Pāṇini 8.4.45 यरोऽनुनासिकेऽनुनासिको वा allows — a consonant before a nasal may itself become the matching nasal. DCS's column keeps the unassimilated मद्मुखेन. The compound is the one place in the message where the messenger says *I*: everything else the cloud speaks as the husband, and Mallinātha reads this word as the disclaimer, मन्मुखेन स एव … इत्यर्थः, the mouth mine and the speaking his.

    • Aṣṭādhyāyī — 8.4.45 यरोऽनुनासिकेऽनुनासिको वा
    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.43: manmukhena sa eva … ityarthaḥ
  • इदम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

    with उत्कण्ठाविरचितपदम्

प्रकरण 1 · हलन्त्यम्

प्रकरण 2 · इको यणचि

प्रकरण 3 · स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः

प्रकरण 4 · वा शरि

प्रकरण 5 · अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्

प्रकरण 7 · अतोऽम्

प्रकरण 11 · स्वरादिनिपातमव्ययम्

प्रकरण 12 · लः कर्मणि च भावे चाकर्मकेभ्यः

प्रकरण 21 · सत्यापपाशरूपवीणातूलश्लोकसेनालोमत्वचवर्मवर्णचूर्णचुरादिभ्यो णिच्

प्रकरण 26 · सुप आत्मनः क्यच्

प्रकरण 33 · धातोः

प्रकरण 34 · ण्वुल्तृचौ

प्रकरण 36 · तुमुन्ण्वुलौ क्रियायां क्रियार्थायाम्

प्रकरण 48 · शेषे

not in the abridgement

शब्दाख्येयम्

शब्द · आख्येय

  1. शब्देन आख्येयम्

    तत्पुरुष (instrumental) — to be told by sound

तत्पुरुष — it agrees with यत्. sayable out loud — Mallinātha unpacks it शब्देन रवेणाख्येयम्, *to be uttered by sound, that is by noise*, and then paraphrases it उच्चैर्वाच्यम्, sayable aloud. **The whole stanza turns on the अपि that follows**: even what could have been said aloud he would not say aloud, because saying it quietly gave him a reason to put his mouth near her face

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses शब्दाख्येयं शब्देन रवेणाख्येयमुच्चैर्वाच्यम् — the copy reads उच्चैर्वाञ्च्यम्; DCS gives the first member as शब्द and lemmatises the second as आख्या, marking it a kṛtya“śabdākhyeyaṃ śabdena raveṇākhyeyam uccair vācyam api yat tat”

आननस्पर्शलोभात्

आनन · स्पर्श · लोभ

  1. आननस्य स्पर्शः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the touching of a face

  2. आननस्पर्शे लोभः, तस्मात्

    तत्पुरुष (locative) — greed for that touching

तत्पुरुष. out of greed to touch her face — Mallinātha reads the middle member as a locative, आननस्पर्शे त्वन्मुखसम्पर्के लोभाद्गार्ध्न्यात्, *from greed, that is craving, for contact with your face*. **And then he says what the greed was actually for**: अधरपानलोभादित्यर्थः, greed to drink her lip. The verse says *face*; the commentary says *mouth*, and the whispering in the ear is the pretext

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses आननस्पर्शे त्वन्मुखसम्पर्के लोभाद्गार्ध्न्यात् । अधरपानलोभादित्यर्थः; DCS gives the members as आनन, स्पर्श and लोभ“ānanasparśe tvanmukhasamparke lobhād gārdhnyāt | adharapānalobhād ityarthaḥ”

श्रवणविषयम्

श्रवण · विषय

  1. श्रवणस्य विषयः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the reach of hearing

तत्पुरुष. as far as hearing goes — विषय is *range, province, what a faculty can take in*, and Mallinātha replaces it with a picture: कर्णपथम्, the ear's road. **The stanza's second pāda put his mouth at her ear**; this compound is that same ear with the distance of a continent in front of it, and the word for the distance is a road nobody is on

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses श्रवणविषयं कर्णपथम्; DCS gives the members as श्रवण and विषय. The comparison with the second pāda is the reader's“śravaṇaviṣayaṃ karṇapatham atikrāntaḥ”

उत्कण्ठाविरचितपदम्

उत्कण्ठा · विरचित · पद

  1. उत्कण्ठया विरचितानि

    तत्पुरुष (instrumental) — put together by longing

  2. उत्कण्ठाविरचितानि पदानि यस्य तत्

    बहुव्रीहि — whose words longing put together

बहुव्रीहि — it refers to इदम्. with longing for its author — **and Mallinātha will not choose what पद means.** He gives both: सुप्तिङन्तशब्दा वाक्यानि वा, either words ending in a nominal or a verbal ending, or whole sentences — and quotes Viśva for it, पदं शब्दे च वाक्ये च. The first of the two is the grammarian's technical sense, Pāṇini 1.4.14 सुप्तिङन्तं पदम्, so the compound can mean either that longing chose the words or that longing built the sentences. **What is not in doubt is who did the composing**: not the husband, but the longing

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who unpacks उत्कण्ठया विरचितानि पदानि सुप्तिङन्तशब्दा वाक्यानि वा यस्य तत्तथोक्तम् and quotes “पदं शब्दे च वाक्ये च” इति विश्वः; Pāṇini 1.4.14 by way of skt-data's sūtra corpus, not named by him; DCS gives the members as उत्कण्ठा, विरचित and पद“tvām utkaṇṭhayā viracitāni padāni suptiṅantaśabdā vākyāni vā yasya tat tathoktam || “padaṃ śabde ca vākye ca” iti viśvaḥ”

मन्मुखेन

मद् · मुख

  1. मम मुखम्, तेन

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — by my mouth

तत्पुरुष. through my mouth — **and the *my* is the cloud's.** Mallinātha's gloss turns on that: मन्मुखेन स एव … इत्यर्थः, *by my mouth it is he himself who [speaks]* — the mouth is the messenger's and the words are the husband's. It is the one place in the message where the messenger says *I*. The द् of मद् is written न् before the nasal of मुख, which Pāṇini 8.4.45 यरोऽनुनासिकेऽनुनासिको वा allows; DCS's column keeps the unassimilated मद्मुखेन

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses मन्मुखेन स एव … इत्यर्थः — the verb of the gloss is corrupt in the copy, which reads नूत, and is read only as far as its sense goes: whatever the word was, it says the speaking is the husband's; Pāṇini 8.4.45 by way of skt-data's sūtra corpus, not named by him; DCS gives the members as मद् and मुख and writes the compound मद्मुखेन“manmukhena sa eva nūta ityarthaḥ”

  • √ख्या + य, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    शब्दाख्येयम्

    printed शब्दाख्येयं

    आख्येय, from √ख्या with आ and a kṛtya in य

    fit to be said aloud — a kṛtya, *what is to be told*. **Neither witness names the affix**, so it stands as the bare य the drafting script writes: the fifth such in the corpus, after 1.1's वर्षभोग्येण, 2.15's लक्ष्यम्, 2.25's भावगम्यम् and 2.41's पूर्वाभाष्यम् — of which only 2.41's got a name, ण्यत्. The rule that would decide it here is Pāṇini 3.1.97 अचो यत्, यत् after a vowel-final root, with the root's आ becoming ई by 6.4.65 ईद्यति and then strengthening to ए, which is what makes ख्या into ख्येय

  • pronoun, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    यत्

    printed यदपि

    यद्

    whatever it was — the relative, and its noun is not in the verse: **वचनमपीति शेषः**, *the word too is to be supplied*, says Mallinātha. So the thing he was so eager to whisper is never named, and the stanza's grammar leaves the same hole its sense wants. The correlative तत् is not written either

  • अव्यय

    अपि

    printed यदपि

    अपि

    even — and it is the hinge of the first two pādas. *Even* what could have been said aloud he insisted on saying in her ear: the concessive marks that the whispering was never about secrecy. Mallinātha keeps it in his own paraphrase, उच्चैर्वाच्यमपि यत्तत्, and does not gloss it

  • अव्यय

    किल

    किल

    so I am told — **and this particle is where the speaker changes.** The stanza is the cloud's, spoken in the message; the whispering it describes is something the cloud never saw. किल is the word for what is reported rather than witnessed, and at 1.33 it did the same work for a legend. Mallinātha carries it through — लोलो लालसोऽभूत्किल — without a gloss

    One small particle marks where the speaker changes. The stanza is the cloud's, spoken inside the message; but the whispering it describes — the mouth at the ear in front of her friends — is something the cloud never saw. किल is the Sanskrit word for what is reported rather than witnessed, *so I am told*, and at 1.33 it did the same work for a legend. Mallinātha carries it through his paraphrase, लोलो लालसोऽभूत्किल, without a gloss, because the word needs none: it quietly admits that the cloud is passing on a scene it has only heard about, in the same breath as it describes it.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.43: karṇe kathayituṃ lolo lālaso 'bhūt kila
  • pronoun, षष्ठी एकवचन genitive singular

    ते

    युष्मद्

    your — hanging on the relative pronoun beside it, and Mallinātha supplies the noun it wants: यस्ते प्रियः, *he who is your beloved*. The verse names him with nothing but a यः … सः, so that for four pādas the husband is only *the one who*

  • pronoun, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    यः

    यद्

    he who — the second relative pronoun in one pāda, and the two do different work: यत् takes up the unspoken word and यः takes up the man. Its correlative सः stands at the head of the third pāda, so the relative clause holds the whole first half of the stanza and the main sentence does not begin until the middle

  • ī-stem feminine, षष्ठी बहुवचन genitive plural

    सखीनाम्

    printed सखीनां

    सखी

    of her friends — the genitive the indeclinable पुरस्तात् takes. **The friends are the point**: there was an audience, and the thing whispered could have been said in front of it. सखी has stood three times already in this canto — 2.18, 2.28 and 2.34 — and each time as somebody near her; here they are the people he wanted a reason to lean past

  • अव्यय

    पुरस्तात्

    पुरस्तात्

    in front of — an indeclinable in -तात्, which governs the genitive rather than taking a case of its own. Mallinātha glosses it with another word of the same kind, अग्रे, *at the front*, which is a locative and does the same job

  • a-stem masculine, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    कर्णे

    कर्ण

    in your ear — a plain locative, and the poem's whole distance is measured between this word and the श्रवणविषयम् of the third pāda. Mallinātha lets it stand and construes it with the infinitive: कर्णे कथयितुम्, to tell in the ear

  • a-stem masculine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    लोलः

    लोल

    all eagerness — the word means *rolling, unsteady, going to and fro*, and Mallinātha swaps it for लालसः, *craving*, then puts a lexicon behind the equation: लोलुपो लोलुभो लोलो लालसो लम्पटोऽपि च, six words for greed held together. **This is Yādava's first appearance in the second canto** and the first since 1.65

    लोल means *rolling, unsteady, going to and fro* — and Mallinātha swaps it for a plainer word, लालसः, *craving*, then puts a lexicon behind the equation: लोलुपो लोलुभो लोलो लालसो लम्पटोऽपि च, six words for greed held together in one line he quotes from Yādava. This is Yādava's first appearance in the second canto, and the first since 1.65; it is also where the man himself first appears in this stanza, described not by name but by the one word for his appetite. The eagerness leans on the infinitive कथयितुम्, to tell — a word of craving that wanted a reason to lean past her friends.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.43: lolo lālasaḥ || “lolupo lolubho lolo lālaso lampaṭo 'pi ca” iti yādavaḥ
  • √कथ् + तुमुन्

    कथयितुम्

    printed कथयितुमभूदाननस्पर्शलोभात्

    √कथ् with तुमुन्

    to tell — the infinitive that लोलः leans on, which is what an infinitive does beside a word of eagerness or ability. **It is the fourth infinitive DCS tags `pos=vi` with no affix named**, so `scripts/draft-analysis.ts` wrote ल्यप् for the fourth time — after कर्तुम् at 2.21, वक्तुम् at 2.38 and उपकर्तुम् at 2.41. The इ before तुम् is the इट् of Pāṇini 7.2.35 आर्धधातुकस्येड् वलादेः, which a consonant-initial affix takes on a root that admits it

  • √भू, class 1, लुङ्, parasmaipada, third person singular

    अभूत्

    printed कथयितुमभूदाननस्पर्शलोभात्

    √भू of the first class

    he was — the aorist, and **the fourth in the corpus, all four of √भू**: अभूत् at 1.33, भूः at 1.39, the augmentless भूत् at 2.37 and this. The tense makes no claim about how long ago; what puts the whispering in another life is not the verb but the third pāda. The stanza's other verb, आह, is a present

  • a-stem masculine, पञ्चमी एकवचन ablative singular

    आननस्पर्शलोभात्

    printed कथयितुमभूदाननस्पर्शलोभात्

    लोभ

    out of greed — an ablative of cause, the case for what a thing proceeds from, as मम वचनात् was at 2.41. Mallinātha glosses लोभाद्गार्ध्न्यात् and then names the real object of the craving, अधरपानलोभात्, greed to drink her lip

  • pronoun, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    सः

    printed सोऽतिक्रान्तः

    तद्

    he — the correlative that finally closes the यः of the first pāda, two pādas later, and the subject of the whole sentence. Mallinātha names him the only way the stanza allows, स ते प्रियः, *he, your beloved*. **The word is printed सो before the elided अ of अतिक्रान्तः**, so the pronoun and the participle stand in the text as one run

  • √क्रम् + क्त, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    अतिक्रान्तः

    printed सोऽतिक्रान्तः

    अतिक्रान्त, from √क्रम् with अति and क्त

    gone past — and it takes an accusative, श्रवणविषयम्, which is what a participle of a verb of motion does. Mallinātha's gloss is flat, श्रवणविषयं कर्णपथमतिक्रान्तः, and then he says what the pāda is for: **अतिदूरत्वाद्द्रष्टुं श्रोतुं च न शक्य इति भावः** — being too far off, he can neither be seen nor heard. The root's vowel lengthens before the affix by Pāṇini 6.4.15 अनुनासिकस्य क्विझलोः क्ङिति, and the nasal takes the place of the following dental

  • a-stem masculine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    श्रवणविषयम्

    printed श्रवणविषयं

    विषय

    the range of hearing — the object of the participle beside it. Mallinātha turns the abstract noun into a road, कर्णपथम्, and the two words together answer the second pāda: the man who would not raise his voice for her is now past the far edge of what a voice can cross

  • a-stem neuter, तृतीया द्विवचन instrumental dual

    लोचनाभ्याम्

    printed लोचनाभ्यामदृष्टः

    लोचन

    by your two eyes — the instrumental of an agent with a passive participle, and a dual because eyes come in pairs. **The two senses are taken in the order the stanza needs them**: hearing first, because the second pāda was about a voice at an ear, and only then sight

  • a-stem masculine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    अदृष्टः

    printed लोचनाभ्यामदृष्टः

    अदृष्ट, from √दृश् with क्त and the negative अ

    not seen — **and the negative is doing what the negatives of 2.39 to 2.41 did**: अविधवे, सुहृत्, अव्यापन्नः, and now this. The stanza will not say *invisible*; it says *not seen*, which leaves him somewhere to be. The श् of दृश् turns to ष् before the त् by Pāṇini 8.2.36 व्रश्चभ्रस्जसृजमृजयजराजभ्राजच्छशां षः, and the त् follows it to ट् by 8.4.41 ष्टुना ष्टुः

  • pronoun, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    त्वाम्

    printed त्वामुत्कण्ठाविरचितपदं

    युष्मद्

    you — one of two accusatives on आह, the person told; इदम् is the other, the thing told. **The two-object construction is the same one Mallinātha argued for at 2.41**, where he named the दुह् class to license त्वां कुशलं पृच्छति; here he says nothing about it, and the verb of speaking takes its two objects unremarked

  • a-stem neuter, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    उत्कण्ठाविरचितपदम्

    printed त्वामुत्कण्ठाविरचितपदं

    पद

    its words made by longing — a bahuvrīhi describing इदम्, the message. Mallinātha will not narrow पद: सुप्तिङन्तशब्दा वाक्यानि वा, either single inflected words or whole sentences, with Viśva quoted for the pair. **उत्कण्ठा is here for the second stanza running** — 2.42 had it twice, as उत्कण्ठित and as अविरतोत्कण्ठ, and both times it was a state of a body; here it is an author

  • a-stem neuter, तृतीया एकवचन instrumental singular

    मन्मुखेन

    printed मन्मुखेनेदमाह

    मुख

    through my mouth — **the only *I* in the message.** Everything else the cloud says it says as the husband; this one word is the cloud speaking as itself, to say that the voice is borrowed. Mallinātha reads it exactly that way: मन्मुखेन स एव … इत्यर्थः, the mouth mine and the speaking his

    मन्मुखेन, through my mouth, is the only *I* in the entire message. Everything else the cloud says it says as the husband, in the husband's person; this one word is the cloud speaking as itself, and it speaks only to say that the voice is borrowed. Mallinātha reads it exactly that way — मन्मुखेन स एव … इत्यर्थः, the mouth is mine and the speaking is his. So a stanza that describes a man who would not raise his voice, who whispered what he could have said aloud, is itself delivered in a voice not its speaker's: the husband's words carried on the cloud's breath.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.43: manmukhena sa eva … ityarthaḥ
  • pronoun, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    इदम्

    printed मन्मुखेनेदमाह

    इदम्

    this — pointing forward, and **Mallinātha names what it points at**: इदं वक्ष्यमाणं “श्यामास्वङ्गम्” इत्यादिकम्, *this, which is about to be said, beginning with* श्यामास्वङ्गम् — the first word of 2.44. The commentary reaches into the next stanza to fill a pronoun. It is the mirror of the तैः at 2.42, which pointed at something that could not be said at all

    इदम्, *this*, points forward, and Mallinātha names what it points at by reaching into the next stanza: इदं वक्ष्यमाणं “श्यामास्वङ्गम्” इत्यादिकम्, *this, which is about to be said, beginning with* श्यामास्वङ्गम् — the first word of 2.44. The commentary fills the pronoun from a verse not yet read. It is the mirror of the तैः at 2.42, which pointed at something that could not be said at all; here the pronoun points at something that is about to be said, and the commentary supplies the address in advance.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.43: idaṃ vakṣyamāṇaṃ “śyāmāsvaṅga-” m ityādikaṃ manmukhenāha
  • √अह्, class 2, लिट्, parasmaipada, third person singular

    आह

    printed मन्मुखेनेदमाह

    √अह्, the defective root

    he says — and the form is stranger than it looks. **The tradition does not treat it as a root at all**: by Pāṇini 3.4.84 ब्रुवः पञ्चानामादित आहो ब्रुवः, आह is substituted for √ब्रू before the first five endings of the present, and those endings become the perfect's. So the word wears लिट् and means लट् — a present tense in the shape of the past-beyond-sight, in a stanza whose whole third pāda is about being out of sight and out of earshot. **The generator has it under neither name**: skt-data has no root अह्, and its ब्रू in लिट् gives उवाच

यः · ते · सखीनाम् · पुरस्तात् · आननस्पर्शलोभात् · शब्दाख्येयम् · अपि · यत् · वचनम् [supplied] · कर्णे · कथयितुम् · लोलः · अभूत् · किल · सः · श्रवणविषयम् · अतिक्रान्तः · लोचनाभ्याम् · अदृष्टः · त्वाम् · उत्कण्ठाविरचितपदम् · इदम् · मन्मुखेन · आह

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, whose commentary runs as anvaya. **One word is supplied and he marks it as such**: वचनमपीति शेषः, *the word too is to be supplied* — the thing the husband was so eager to whisper is never named by the verse. He also writes प्रियः twice, at यस्ते प्रियः and स ते प्रियः, but that identifies the pronouns rather than completing the sentence, so it is not supplied here. What he moves is the ablative: आननस्पर्शलोभात् stands at the end of the second pāda in the verse and he takes it up at the head, before the relative clause it explains“yas te priyaḥ sakhīnāṃ purastād agre ānanasparśe tvanmukhasamparke lobhād gārdhnyāt | adharapānalobhād ityarthaḥ | śabdākhyeyaṃ śabdena raveṇākhyeyam uccair vācyam api yat tat | vacanam apīti śeṣaḥ | karṇe kathayituṃ lolo lālaso 'bhūt kila … śravaṇaviṣayaṃ karṇapatham atikrāntaḥ | tathā locanābhyām adṛṣṭaḥ … sa te priyaḥ | tvām utkaṇṭhayā viracitāni padāni … idaṃ vakṣyamāṇaṃ … manmukhenāha”

the dependency structure

आह · क्रिया — he says, मन्मुखेनाह; the main verb, and stranger than it looks. The tradition does not treat it as a root at all but as √ब्रू in disguise, substituted before the present's first five endings, so the word wears the perfect लिट् and means the present लट् — a present tense in the shape of the past-beyond-sight, in a stanza whose whole third pāda is about being out of sight and out of earshot. It takes two accusatives, त्वाम् the person told and इदम् the thing told, and मन्मुखेन names the mouth it borrows

सः · कर्ता — he, स ते प्रियः; the correlative that finally closes the यः of the first pāda, two pādas later, and the subject of the whole sentence. Mallinātha names him the only way the stanza allows, *he, your beloved* — for four pādas the husband is only *the one who*

अतिक्रान्तः · agreeing with सः — gone past, श्रवणविषयमतिक्रान्तः; a past participle of a verb of motion, which takes an accusative. Mallinātha's gloss is flat and then says what the pāda is for — अतिदूरत्वाद्द्रष्टुं श्रोतुं च न शक्य इति भावः, being too far off, he can neither be seen nor heard

श्रवणविषयम् · कर्म — the range of hearing, श्रवणविषयं कर्णपथम्; the object of the participle, an abstract noun Mallinātha turns into a picture, the ear's road, with the distance of a continent in front of it. The man who would not raise his voice for her is now past the far edge of what a voice can cross

अदृष्टः · agreeing with सः — not seen, लोचनाभ्यामदृष्टः; and the negative does what the negatives of 2.39 to 2.41 did. The stanza will not say *invisible*; it says *not seen*, which leaves him somewhere to be

लोचनाभ्याम् · करण — by your two eyes, लोचनाभ्याम्; the instrumental of an agent with a passive participle, and a dual because eyes come in pairs. The two senses are taken in the order the stanza needs — hearing first, because the second pāda was about a voice at an ear, and only then sight

त्वाम् · कर्म — you, त्वाम्; one of two accusatives on आह, the person told, इदम् being the other, the thing told. The two-object construction is the same one Mallinātha argued for at 2.41, where he named the दुह् class to license त्वां कुशलं पृच्छति; here he says nothing about it and the verb of speaking takes its two objects unremarked

इदम् · कर्म — this, इदम्; the thing told, pointing forward, and Mallinātha names what it points at — इदं वक्ष्यमाणं “श्यामास्वङ्गम्” इत्यादिकम्, beginning with the first word of 2.44. The commentary reaches into the next stanza to fill a pronoun

उत्कण्ठाविरचितपदम् · agreeing with इदम् — its words made by longing, उत्कण्ठया विरचितानि पदानि यस्य तत्; a bahuvrīhi describing the message. Mallinātha will not narrow पद — सुप्तिङन्तशब्दा वाक्यानि वा, either single inflected words or whole sentences, with Viśva quoted for the pair — but what is not in doubt is who did the composing: not the husband, but the longing

मन्मुखेन · करण — through my mouth, मन्मुखेन; the only *I* in the whole message. Everything else the cloud says it says as the husband; this one word is the cloud speaking as itself, to say the voice is borrowed — मन्मुखेन स एव … इत्यर्थः, the mouth mine and the speaking his

अभूत् · क्रिया of the relative clause — he was, लोलोऽभूत्किल; the aorist, and the fourth in the corpus, all four of √भू. The tense makes no claim about how long ago; what puts the whispering in another life is not the verb but the third pāda. It roots the यः clause that fills the whole first half of the stanza, hung here beneath आह as the subordinate to the main verb

यः · कर्ता — he who, यस्ते प्रियः; the relative pronoun that takes up the man, its correlative सः two pādas off, so the relative clause holds the whole first half of the stanza and the main sentence does not begin until the middle

ते · षष्ठी — your, यस्ते प्रियः; hanging on the relative beside it, and Mallinātha supplies the noun it wants, *he who is your beloved*. The verse names him with nothing but a यः … सः

लोलः · predicate nominative — all eagerness, लोलो लालसः; the word means *rolling, unsteady, going to and fro*, and Mallinātha swaps it for *craving* with a lexicon behind it — Yādava's six words for greed, लोलुपो लोलुभो लोलो लालसो लम्पटोऽपि च. This is Yādava's first appearance in the second canto

कथयितुम् · तुमुन् — to tell, कर्णे कथयितुं लोलः; the infinitive that लोलः leans on, which is what an infinitive does beside a word of eagerness or ability

वचनम् · कर्म — the word, वचनमपीति शेषः [supplied]; the thing he was so eager to whisper, never named by the verse. Mallinātha marks it as supplied, so the stanza's grammar leaves the same hole its sense wants

यत् · agreeing with वचनम् — whatever it was, अपि यत्तत्; the relative whose noun is not in the verse, its correlative तत् not written either. So the thing he was so eager to whisper is never named

अपि · — even, उच्चैर्वाच्यमपि; the hinge of the first two pādas. *Even* what could have been said aloud he insisted on saying in her ear: the concessive marks that the whispering was never about secrecy

शब्दाख्येयम् · agreeing with यत् — sayable aloud, शब्देन रवेणाख्येयमुच्चैर्वाच्यम्; a kṛtya, *what is to be told by sound, by noise*. The whole stanza turns on the अपि that follows — even what could have been said aloud he would not say aloud, because saying it quietly gave him a reason to put his mouth near her face

कर्णे · अधिकरण — in your ear, कर्णे कथयितुम्; a plain locative, and the poem's whole distance is measured between this word and the श्रवणविषयम् of the third pāda

आननस्पर्शलोभात् · अपादान — out of greed to touch her face, आननस्पर्शे लोभाद्गार्ध्न्यात्; an ablative of cause, the case for what a thing proceeds from. Mallinātha names the real object of the craving — अधरपानलोभादित्यर्थः, greed to drink her lip. The verse says *face*; the commentary says *mouth*, and the whispering in the ear is the pretext

पुरस्तात् · — in front of, सखीनां पुरस्तादग्रे; an indeclinable in -तात् that governs the genitive rather than taking a case of its own. Mallinātha glosses it with another word of the same kind, अग्रे, *at the front*

सखीनाम् · षष्ठी — of her friends, सखीनां पुरस्तात्; the genitive the indeclinable takes, and the friends are the point — there was an audience, and the thing whispered could have been said in front of it. They are the people he wanted a reason to lean past

किल · — so I am told, अभूत्किल; the particle where the speaker changes. The stanza is the cloud's, spoken in the message; the whispering it describes is something the cloud never saw, and किल is the word for what is reported rather than witnessed. Mallinātha carries it through without a gloss

uncheckedthe reader's reading, following Mallinātha's Sañjīvinī for the anvaya and the reading, whose commentary runs as anvaya and whose key glosses are: शब्देन रवेणाख्येयमुच्चैर्वाच्यम् for शब्दाख्येयम्, वचनमपीति शेषः supplying the noun of यत्, आननस्पर्शे त्वन्मुखसम्पर्के लोभाद्गार्ध्न्यात् with अधरपानलोभादित्यर्थः, लोलो लालसः with the Yādava line, कर्णपथम् for श्रवणविषयम्, अतिदूरत्वाद्द्रष्टुं श्रोतुं च न शक्य इति भावः, उत्कण्ठया विरचितानि पदानि सुप्तिङन्तशब्दा वाक्यानि वा with the Viśva line, इदं वक्ष्यमाणं श्यामास्वङ्गमित्यादिकम्, मन्मुखेन स एव … इत्यर्थः, and the closing list of the four विनोदस्थानानि with the Guṇapatākā verse and तत्र सदृशवस्तुदर्शनमाह. The verse has two finite verbs; the tree roots at आह, the main verb of the message, and carries the यः … अभूत् relative clause beneath it as the subordinate, hung under आह as पृच्छति's clause was hung under ब्रूयाः at 2.41; वचनम् is supplied for the object of कथयितुम्, and Mallinātha marks it so. The role exceptions are शब्दाख्येयम् a kṛtya in य (Pāṇini 3.1.97, 6.4.65), आह the substitution of √ब्रू by 3.4.84, उत्कण्ठाविरचितपदम् a bahuvrīhi whose पद Mallinātha leaves double by Pāṇini 1.4.14 and Viśva, and मन्मुखेन the द्→न् of मद् before a nasal by 8.4.45; the Pāṇini sūtras are by way of skt-data's sūtra corpus, none named by the witnesses. No figure is named. The Telugu is drawn from Vedam Venkataraya Sastri's Āndhra Meghasandeśam.

*Whatever it was that he — who, in front of your friends, out of greed to touch your face, would put it in your ear even when it could have been said aloud — he, gone past the reach of your hearing, unseen by your eyes, says this to you through my mouth, its words put together by longing.* **The stanza is one sentence measured between an ear and a continent.** The second pāda has his mouth at her ear, saying quietly a thing that did not need to be quiet, because whispering was a way of touching her face — Mallinātha is blunter than the verse and names what the greed was for: **अधरपानलोभादित्यर्थः**, greed to drink her lip. The third pāda takes both senses away: श्रवणविषयम् अतिक्रान्तः, past the ear's road, and लोचनाभ्याम् अदृष्टः, unseen by the eyes. His comment on the pair is one line — अतिदूरत्वाद्द्रष्टुं श्रोतुं च न शक्य इति भावः, being too far, he can neither be seen nor heard. **And then the messenger says *I*.** मन्मुखेन, through my mouth — the only first person in the whole message, and Mallinātha reads it as a disclaimer: मन्मुखेन स एव … इत्यर्थः, the mouth is mine and the speaking is his. The stanza that describes a man who would not raise his voice is delivered in a borrowed one, and the particle किल a pāda earlier already marks the whispering as something the speaker only heard about. **Two pronouns point at things not in the verse, and one of them the commentary fetches from the next stanza.** यत् has no noun — वचनमपीति शेषः, *the word too is to be supplied* — so what he was so eager to say is never said. इदम् points forward, and Mallinātha names the target: इदं वक्ष्यमाणं “श्यामास्वङ्गम्” इत्यादिकम्, beginning with the first word of 2.44. **He ends the comment by giving away the plan of the next four stanzas.** There are four consolations of the separated, he says — सादृश्य, seeing something that resembles her; प्रतिकृति, her likeness drawn; स्वप्नदर्शन, seeing her in sleep; and तदङ्गस्पृष्टस्पर्श, touching what her body has touched — and he quotes the **Guṇapatākā**, a title new to this commentary, for a verse that lists them. Then: तत्र सदृशवस्तुदर्शनमाह, *of these he now speaks of seeing a thing that resembles her*. 2.44 is the likenesses, 2.45 the painting on the rock, 2.46 the dream, 2.47 the wind off the deodars that may have touched her. The list is the poem's next four stanzas in order, named before they are read. **Two lexicons and a grammarian's definition.** लोल is glossed लालस with Yādava quoted for six words for craving — his first appearance in the second canto. पद is left deliberately double: सुप्तिङन्तशब्दा वाक्यानि वा, either inflected words or sentences, with Viśva's पदं शब्दे च वाक्ये च behind it; the first of the two is Pāṇini's own definition at 1.4.14 सुप्तिङन्तं पदम्. **And the verb is a curiosity neither witness remarks on**: आह is not a root but √ब्रू in disguise, substituted before the present's first five endings by 3.4.84, and those endings replaced by the perfect's — a present wearing the tense of what the speaker did not witness, in the stanza about being out of sight. No figure is named.

uncheckedthe reader's reading, following Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī's gloss. His are: प्रियः supplied for यः and सः, पुरस्तादग्रे, आननस्पर्शे त्वन्मुखसम्पर्के लोभाद्गार्ध्न्यात् with अधरपानलोभादित्यर्थः, शब्देन रवेणाख्येयमुच्चैर्वाच्यम्, वचनमपीति शेषः, लोलो लालसः with the Yādava line, कर्णपथम् for श्रवणविषयम्, अतिदूरत्वाद्द्रष्टुं श्रोतुं च न शक्य इति भावः, उत्कण्ठया विरचितानि पदानि सुप्तिङन्तशब्दा वाक्यानि वा with the Viśva line, इदं वक्ष्यमाणं श्यामास्वङ्गमित्यादिकम्, मन्मुखेन स एव … इत्यर्थः, and the closing list of the four विनोदस्थानानि with the Guṇapatākā verse and तत्र सदृशवस्तुदर्शनमाह. That the stanza is measured between an ear and a continent, that मन्मुखेन is the message's one first person, and that किल marks the cloud reporting what it did not see, are the reader's; that the four consolations are the plan of 2.44 to 2.47 follows his own तत्र and is checked against those four stanzas in this corpus. Pāṇini 1.4.14, 3.1.97, 3.2.115, 3.4.84, 6.4.15, 6.4.65, 7.2.35, 7.3.84, 8.2.36, 8.4.41 and 8.4.45 are by way of skt-data's sūtra corpus, none of them named by him. Neither Yādava's nor Viśva's lexicon nor the Guṇapatākā is in this repository and none of the three citations can be checked; the quoted Guṇapatākā verse is corrupt in the copy and is read only for the four items it enumerates“sādṛśyapratikṛtisvapnadarśana-tadaṅgaspṛṣṭasparśākhyāni catvāri virahiṇāṃ vinodasthānāni | tathā coktaṃ guṇapatākāyām … tatra sadṛśavastudarśanam āha”

Whatever it was that he — who, in front of your friends, out of greed to touch your face, would put it in your ear even when it could have been said aloud — he, gone past the reach of your hearing, unseen by your eyes, says this to you through my mouth, its words put together by longing. The stanza is one sentence measured between an ear and a continent: the second pāda has his mouth at her ear, whispering a thing that did not need to be quiet because whispering was a way of touching her face — Mallinātha is blunter than the verse and names what the greed was for, अधरपानलोभादित्यर्थः, greed to drink her lip; the third pāda takes both senses away, past the ear's road and unseen by the eyes, अतिदूरत्वाद्द्रष्टुं श्रोतुं च न शक्य इति भावः, too far to be seen or heard. Then the messenger says *I*, मन्मुखेन, the message's one first person, delivered in a borrowed voice. Mallinātha ends by giving away the plan of the next four stanzas: four consolations of the separated — सादृश्य, seeing a resemblance; प्रतिकृति, a likeness drawn; स्वप्नदर्शन, seeing her in sleep; and तदङ्गस्पृष्टस्पर्श, touching what her body has touched — quoting the Guṇapatākā, and then तत्र सदृशवस्तुदर्शनमाह, of these he now speaks of the first: 2.44 the likenesses, 2.45 the painting, 2.46 the dream, 2.47 the wind off the deodars. The poem's next four stanzas are named before they are read. No figure is named.

  • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.43: sādṛśyapratikṛtisvapnadarśana-tadaṅgaspṛṣṭasparśākhyāni catvāri virahiṇāṃ vinodasthānāni … tatra sadṛśavastudarśanam āha

No figure is named for this verse by the commentary this reading follows, so none is shown.