मेघदूतम् · कालिदास · 2.2

अलका · every season's flower worn at once

हस्ते लीलाकमलमलके बालकुन्दानुविद्धं

ह
स्ते
ली
ला
क
म
ल
म
ल
के
बा
ल
कु
न्दा
नु
वि
द्धं

नीता लोध्रप्रसवरजसा पाण्डुतामानने श्रीः

नी
ता
लो
ध्र
प्र
स
व
र
ज
सा
पा
ण्डु
ता
मा
न
ने
श्रीः

चूडापाशे नवकुरबकं चारु कर्णे शिरीषं

चू
डा
पा
शे
न
व
कु
र
ब
कं
चा
रु
क
र्णे
शि
री
षं

सीमन्ते च त्वदुपगमजं यत्र नीपं वधूनाम्

सी
म
न्ते
च
त्व
दु
प
ग
म
जं
य
त्र
नी
पं
व
धू
नाम्

pāda a

  • हguruthe conjunct स्त that follows it
  • स्तेguruits long vowel ए
  • लीguruits long vowel ई
  • लाguruits long vowel आ
  • कlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • लlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • केguruits long vowel ए
  • बाguruits long vowel आ
  • लlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • कुguruthe conjunct न्द that follows it
  • न्दाguruits long vowel आ
  • नुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • विguruthe conjunct द्ध that follows it
  • द्धंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • yati after 4 — a compound member ends here, inside लीलाकमलम्
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — लीलाकमलमलके

pāda b

  • नीguruits long vowel ई
  • ताguruits long vowel आ
  • लोguruits long vowel ओ
  • ध्रguruthe conjunct प्र that follows it
  • प्रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • सlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • वlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • जlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • साguruits long vowel आ
  • पाguruits long vowel आ
  • ण्डुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • ताguruits long vowel आ
  • माguruits long vowel आ
  • नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नेguruits long vowel ए
  • श्रीःguruthe visarga it carries
  • yati after 4 — a compound member ends here, inside लोध्रप्रसवरजसा
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — लोध्रप्रसवरजसा

pāda c

  • चूguruits long vowel ऊ
  • डाguruits long vowel आ
  • पाguruits long vowel आ
  • शेguruits long vowel ए
  • नlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • वlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • कुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • बlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • कंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • चाguruits long vowel आ
  • रुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • कguruthe conjunct र्ण that follows it
  • र्णेguruits long vowel ए
  • शिlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • रीguruits long vowel ई
  • षंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — चूडापाशे
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — नवकुरबकं

pāda d

  • सीguruits long vowel ई
  • मguruthe conjunct न्त that follows it
  • न्तेguruits long vowel ए
  • चguruthe conjunct त्व that follows it
  • त्वlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • दुlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • पlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • गlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • मlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • जंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • यguruthe conjunct त्र that follows it
  • त्रlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • नीguruits long vowel ई
  • पंguruthe anusvāra it carries
  • वlaghuits short vowel, with a single consonant after it
  • धूguruits long vowel ऊ
  • नाम्guruthe end of the pāda, which counts the last syllable heavy
  • yati after 4 — a word ends here — च
  • yati after 10 — a word ends here — त्वदुपगमजं
  • लीलाकमलम् + अलके → लीलाकमलमलके

    म् + अ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • बालकुन्दानुविद्धम् + नीता → बालकुन्दानुविद्धं

    म् + न्

  • पाण्डुताम् + आनने → पाण्डुतामानने

    म् + आ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • नवकुरबकम् + चारु → नवकुरबकं

    म् + च्

  • शिरीषम् + सीमन्ते → शिरीषं

    म् + स्

  • त्वदुपगमजम् + यत्र → त्वदुपगमजं

    म् + य्

  • नीपम् + वधूनाम् → नीपं

    म् + व्

  • लीला + कमल → लीलाकमलम्

    आ + क्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • बाल + कुन्द → बालकुन्दानुविद्धम्

    अ + क्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • कुन्द + अनुविद्ध → बालकुन्दानुविद्धम्

    अ + अ → आ · falls inside the syllable न्दा

  • लोध्र + प्रसव → लोध्रप्रसवरजसा

    अ + प्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • प्रसव + रजस् → लोध्रप्रसवरजसा

    अ + र्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • चूडा + पाश → चूडापाशे

    आ + प्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • नव + कुरबक → नवकुरबकम्

    अ + क्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • त्वद् + उपगम → त्वदुपगमजम्

    द् + उ

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

  • उपगम + ज → त्वदुपगमजम्

    अ + ज्

    no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change

Five word-final म् become anusvāra before a following consonant — Pāṇini 8.3.23 मोऽनुस्वारः: लीलाकमलमलके shows म् kept before the vowel of अलके and then बालकुन्दानुविद्धं before न्, नवकुरबकं चारु, शिरीषं सीमन्ते, त्वदुपगमजं यत्र, नीपं वधूनाम्. Two internal joins fuse vowels to their long form by 6.1.101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः: बाल-कुन्द keeps its members but कुन्द-अनुविद्ध gives कुन्दानुविद्ध, the अ and the following अ coalescing to आ. The one place a म् stands before a vowel — कमलम् अलके — it is simply kept, no rule firing there.

  • Chinnaya Sūri, Bālavyākaraṇam — సంధిపరిచ్ఛేదము; vendor/balavyakaranam-sandhi.txt
  • हस्ते सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location

  • लीलाकमलम् प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • अलके सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location

  • बालकुन्दानुविद्धम् प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • लोध्रप्रसवरजसा तृतीया · instrumental — करण, the instrument or cause

  • पाण्डुताम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object

  • आनने सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location

  • श्रीः प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

    with नीता

  • चूडापाशे सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location

  • नवकुरबकम् प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • चारु प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • कर्णे सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location

  • शिरीषम् प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • सीमन्ते सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location

  • त्वदुपगमजम् प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • नीपम् प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent

  • वधूनाम् षष्ठी · genitive — सम्बन्ध, a relation to another word

प्रकरण 1 · हलन्त्यम्

प्रकरण 2 · इको यणचि

प्रकरण 3 · स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः

  • मोऽनुस्वारः 8.3.23← बालकुन्दानुविद्धम् + नीता; नवकुरबकम् + चारु; शिरीषम् + सीमन्ते; त्वदुपगमजम् + यत्र; नीपम् + वधूनाम्
  • वा पदान्तस्य 8.4.59← बालकुन्दानुविद्धम् + नीता; नवकुरबकम् + चारु

प्रकरण 5 · अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्

प्रकरण 7 · अतोऽम्

प्रकरण 8 · हो ढः

प्रकरण 11 · स्वरादिनिपातमव्ययम्

प्रकरण 12 · लः कर्मणि च भावे चाकर्मकेभ्यः

प्रकरण 15 · दिवादिभ्यः श्यन्

प्रकरण 34 · ण्वुल्तृचौ

प्रकरण 60 · स्त्रियाम्

not in the abridgement

  • अ अ 8.4.68← बालकुन्दानुविद्धम्

लीलाकमलम्

लीला · कमल

  1. लीलार्थं कमलम्

    तत्पुरुष (dative) — a lotus for play

तत्पुरुष. the lotus they carry for play — Mallinātha resolves it with अर्थम्, लीलार्थं कमलं लीलाकमलम्, which is how a compound whose first member gives the purpose is unpacked: not a lotus of play but a lotus *for* it, the flower a woman turns over in her hand while she talks. **He then says what the flower is doing in the stanza**: शरल्लिङ्गमेतत्, 'this is the mark of autumn', and quotes a line to prove it, शरत्पङ्कजलक्षणा, 'she is marked by the autumn lotus'. It is the first of six flowers and the first of six seasons

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who resolves it लीलार्थं कमलम् and calls it the mark of autumn. `vendor/meghaduta-sanjivini.itx` opens the quotation with a stray backtick where the line wants its quote mark“haste līlārthaṃ kamalaṃ līlākamalam || śaralliṅgametat | taduktam — “śaratpaṅkajalakṣaṇā” iti”

बालकुन्दानुविद्धम्

बाल · कुन्द · अनुविद्ध

  1. बालानि कुन्दानि

    कर्मधारय — young jasmines

  2. बालकुन्दैः अनुविद्धम्

    तत्पुरुष (instrumental) — an interweaving with young jasmine

तत्पुरुष. threaded through with young jasmine — glossed बालकुन्दैः प्रत्यग्रमाघ्यकुसुमैरनुविद्धम्, 'strung with fresh Māgha-month flowers', and अनुवेध, the act, he glosses ग्रन्थनम्, stringing. **The word बाल is not decoration and Mallinātha spends four lines on it.** The kunda belongs to śiśira, late winter, by the lexicon's own words माघ्यं कुन्दम्; but it comes out in hemanta, early winter, and only comes into its own in śiśira, so by that division it can count as hemanta's — and बाल, 'young', is what makes it count that way. The stanza gives one flower to each of the six seasons and this epithet is what keeps two of them from falling to the same one

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses बालकुन्द with प्रत्यग्रमाघ्यकुसुम and अनुवेध with ग्रन्थन, and argues from प्रादुर्भाव and प्रौढत्व that बाल assigns the flower to hemanta“bālakundaiḥ pratyagramāghyakusumairanuviddham | anuvedho granthanam || yadyapi kundānāṃ śaiśiratvamasti “māghyaṃ kundam” ityabhidhānāt tathāpi hemante prādurbhāvaḥ śiśire prauḍhatvamiti vyavasthābhedena hemantakāryatvamityāśayena bāleti viśeṣaṇam”

लोध्रप्रसवरजसा

लोध्र · प्रसव · रजस्

  1. लोध्राणां प्रसवाः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the blossom of the lodhra

  2. लोध्रप्रसवानां रजः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the pollen of lodhra blossom

तत्पुरुष. with the pollen of lodhra blossom — Mallinātha unpacks it in three glosses, लोध्रप्रसवानां लोध्रपुष्पाणां शैशिराणां रजसां परागेण: the blossoms are lodhra flowers, they belong to śiśira, and रजस् is पराग, pollen. The instrumental is what does the work — the pollen is a cosmetic, dusted on the face, and the whole phrase says how the pallor was arrived at. He cites the Viśvakośa for प्रसव, which covers a fruit, a flower, and the delivery of a child: one word for everything a living thing puts out

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses प्रसव with पुष्प and रजस् with पराग, dates the flower to śiśira, and cites the Viśva for प्रसव. `vendor/meghaduta-sanjivini.itx` prints `loghra` for लोध्र throughout the stanza and `rajasāṃ` where the gloss wants the instrumental“lodhraprasavānāṃ lodhrapuṣpāṇāṃ śaiśirāṇāṃ rajasāṃ parāgeṇa || “prasavastu phale puṣpe vṛkṣāṇāṃ garbhamocane” iti viśvaḥ”

चूडापाशे

चूडा · पाश

  1. चूडायाः पाशः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the mass of the top-knot

तत्पुरुष. in the coil of hair on the crown — glossed with one word of the same build, केशपाशे, 'in the hair-mass'. पाश on its own is a noose or a snare; at the end of a word for hair it means nothing but abundance, a whole head of it, and Mallinātha's gloss simply swaps the first member and leaves the second standing, which is how he shows that the second is doing no work of its own. चूडा is the crown of the head and the topknot dressed on it

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who glosses चूडापाशे with केशपाशे“cūḍāpāśe keśapāśe”

नवकुरबकम्

नव · कुरबक

  1. नवं कुरबकम्

    कर्मधारय — fresh kurabaka

कर्मधारय. fresh kurabaka — an adjective and its noun, and the plainest compound in the stanza. Mallinātha does not resolve it at all; he names the season instead, वासन्तः पुष्पविशेषः, 'a particular flower, of spring'. The kurabaka is the red amaranth, and नव here is doing for spring what बाल did for early winter: the flower is dated by the epithet as much as by its name

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who names the season rather than resolving the compound. `vendor/meghaduta-sanjivini.itx` breaks the word across a space, `navakura bakaM`“navakurabakaṃ vāsantaḥ puṣpaviśeṣaḥ”

त्वदुपगमजम्

त्वद् · उपगम · ज

  1. तव उपगमः

    तत्पुरुष (genitive) — your arrival

  2. त्वदुपगमे जातम्

    तत्पुरुष (locative) — born when you arrive

तत्पुरुष. born of your coming — Mallinātha resolves it in three short steps, तवोपगमः, मेघागम इत्यर्थः, तत्र जातं त्वदुपगमजम्, and then dates it like the others: वार्षिकम्, of the rains. **The sixth season is the only one in the stanza named by the cloud rather than by a month or a lexicon** — the poem does not say वर्षा, it says 'your arrival', and the flower is dated by the person being spoken to. The last member ज is √जन् worn down to a single syllable, which is what it becomes at the end of a compound

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, who resolves तव उपगमः … तत्र जातम् and dates the flower वार्षिकम्. `vendor/meghaduta-sanjivini.itx` prints `mevAgama` for मेघागम“tavopagamaḥ | meghāgama ityarthaḥ | tatra jātaṃ tvadupagamajam | vārṣikamityarthaḥ”

  • a-stem masculine, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    हस्ते

    हस्त

    in the hand — the first of six locatives, and the six are the frame of the stanza: hand, hair, face, topknot, ear, parting. Nothing else holds the sentence together, because there is no verb in it at all. Mallinātha carries the word over unglossed, which he does with almost nothing else here

  • a-stem neuter, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    लीलाकमलम्

    printed लीलाकमलमलके

    कमल

    the play-lotus — and it is a nominative, not an accusative: the stanza has no verb to govern an object, and what holds each half-line together is an 'is' that is never written. कमल is neuter. The lotus is autumn's, which Mallinātha says outright, and it is the only one of the six flowers he backs with a quoted line rather than with a lexicon

  • a-stem masculine, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    अलके

    printed लीलाकमलमलके

    अलक

    in the hair — **the word that was the city's name two stanzas ago, in its ordinary sense.** At 1.65 अलकम् was the curls and अलकाम् the city and the two were one sound; here the pun is spent and the word means only hair. Mallinātha glosses it कुन्तले and repeats, word for word, the note he made there: जातावेकवचनम्, the singular stands for the class — अलकेष्वित्यर्थः, 'that is, in the curls'. **He also records a variant reading and refutes another commentator over it.** Some texts print अलकम्, a nominative; that, he says, would break the run of locatives the stanza is built on — सप्तमीप्रक्रमभङ्गः. Nātha adds a second objection, that it costs the word its fixed masculine gender; तदसत्, says Mallinātha, that is wrong, and cites two lines in which अलक is neuter. It is the second time in the poem he names Nātha and the first time he says he is mistaken

  • √व्यध् + क्त, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    बालकुन्दानुविद्धम्

    printed बालकुन्दानुविद्धं

    अनुविद्ध, from अनु + √व्यध्

    an interweaving — **and it is not an adjective; there is no noun in this line for it to describe.** Mallinātha says why in four words: नपुंसके भावे क्तः, Pāṇini 3.3.114 — the suffix क्त in the sense of the *action* rather than of the thing acted on makes a neuter noun. So the word is not 'threaded' but 'a threading', and what the hair has in it is the act itself. He glosses it once more as a noun, अनुवेधो ग्रन्थनम्, 'the interweaving is a stringing'. The root is √व्यध्, to pierce, with अनु: to run something through, which is what a flower on a thread does to a braid

    Six flowers stand in six places, and each belongs to a different one of the six seasons — the lotus to autumn, the jasmine to early winter, the lodhra to late winter, the kurabaka to spring, the śirīṣa to summer, the kadamba to the rains. The women of Alakā wear the whole year at once. Mallinātha dates every flower, and he stops longest on one small adjective: बाल, 'young', in बालकुन्दानुविद्धम्. The kunda, jasmine, is śiśira's by the lexicon; but it opens in hemanta and matures in śiśira, so 'young jasmine' assigns it to hemanta — and without that one word two of the six seasons would collapse into one and the design would fail. He closes with the reasoning: by naming the aggregate of what each season produces, the aggregate of the seasons themselves is established by implication, for an effect cannot come to be without its cause.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.2: bālakundeti … hemantasyeti … kāraṇaṃ vinā kāryānutpatteḥ
  • √नी + क्त, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    नीता

    नीत, from √नी

    brought — the participle agrees with श्रीः at the far end of the line, and it takes two objects: the beauty is brought, and what it is brought to is पाण्डुताम्. √नी is one of the roots that keeps a second accusative when it means bringing a thing into a state, which is why 'pallor' stands in the same case as the thing made pale would. Mallinātha does not gloss the word; he simply sets the three together, पाण्डुतां नीता श्रीः

  • as-stem neuter, तृतीया एकवचन instrumental singular

    लोध्रप्रसवरजसा

    रजस्

    by the pollen — an instrumental of means, and the one case in the stanza that is neither a locative nor a nominative. रजस् is dust of any kind, and Mallinātha narrows it to पराग, the dust of a flower. The lodhra's pollen is a face powder, so the line is describing make-up: the pallor is put on, not suffered. Which is the joke the stanza is quietly making — in the rest of Sanskrit poetry a pale face means a woman parted from her husband, and in Alakā it means the season

  • ā-stem feminine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular

    पाण्डुताम्

    printed पाण्डुतामानने

    पाण्डुता, from पाण्डु with the suffix तल्

    to pallor — पाण्डु is the pale yellow-white of ivory or of a sick face, and the suffix तल् turns any adjective into the noun for its quality: पाण्डुता, being-pale. A तल् noun is always feminine and always ends in ā, which is why an abstract in Sanskrit is a feminine word. This is the second accusative that नीता takes, the state the beauty is brought into

  • a-stem neuter, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    आनने

    printed पाण्डुतामानने

    आनन

    on the face — glossed मुखे. आनन is from √अन्, to breathe: the face is named for the mouth in it. It is the third of the six locatives, and the only one of the six whose flower is not worn but ground up and put on

  • ī-stem feminine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    श्रीः

    श्री

    the beauty — glossed शोभा. **The word is declined wrong by the generator, in the same way लक्ष्मी was at 1.34.** A long-ī feminine drops the स् of the nominative only where the ī comes from the affixes ङीप् or ङीष्; श्री is not made that way, so the nominative is श्रीः and not श्री, and as a monosyllable it puts इय् before a vowel ending — श्रियम्, श्रिया — where the नदी type puts य् alone. skt-data has the one ī-stem table and this is the other kind of stem, so the word carries no table. श्री is a monosyllable: it keeps the स् of the nominative and puts इय् before a vowel ending

    The third flower is not worn but is the face itself: श्रीः, its bloom, नीता पाण्डुताम्, 'brought to a pale gold', लोध्रप्रसवरजसा, 'by the pollen of lodhra blossom'. लोध्र is a tree whose flower-dust women used as a face-powder, and the paleness it gives is the mark of late winter, śiśira. So among five flowers a woman puts on, one is worked into her skin — the season shows on the face rather than in the hair. नीता is a past participle agreeing with श्रीः, and पाण्डुताम् its object, the state the beauty is carried to; the करण is the pollen that carries it.

    • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.2: lodhrapuṣpaparāgeṇa pāṇḍutāṃ nītā
  • a-stem masculine, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    चूडापाशे

    पाश

    in the coil of hair — the fourth locative. पाश is a noose; at the end of a word for hair it stops meaning anything of its own and means only that there is a great deal of it. Mallinātha's gloss केशपाशे keeps the second member and changes the first, which is a way of saying that the second is not the part to look at

  • a-stem neuter, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    नवकुरबकम्

    printed नवकुरबकं

    कुरबक

    fresh kurabaka — the red amaranth, spring's flower. The gender is the pattern the whole stanza runs on: a tree or a bush is masculine and the blossom taken off it is neuter, which is how कुरबक, शिरीष and नीप all come to be neuter here while the plants they name are not. The nominative and the neuter are both settled by चारु two words later, which can only be neuter. The word is masculine as the name of the plant and neuter as the name of the flower

  • u-stem neuter, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    चारु

    चारु

    prettily — an adjective of शिरीषम्, and the one word in the stanza that settles its grammar. A u-stem masculine would be चारुः; चारु can only be the neuter, and it can only be nominative or accusative — so the flowers are nominatives and the whole stanza has no object in it anywhere. Mallinātha glosses it पेशलम्, dainty, which is a word for skill as much as for looks: the śirīṣa is not merely charming at the ear, it is deftly put there

  • a-stem masculine, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    कर्णे

    कर्ण

    at the ear — the fifth locative, and the ear has been the place for a flower in this poem before: at 1.46 Pārvatī puts a peacock's feather where the blue-lotus petal would go, and Mallinātha spent that stanza on which of the two she wore. Here there is no argument, only a śirīṣa

  • a-stem neuter, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    शिरीषम्

    printed शिरीषं

    शिरीष

    the śirīṣa — summer's flower, the pale silk-tuft of the rain tree, proverbially the most delicate thing there is: Sanskrit poetry uses it for what a hard word would crush. Mallinātha names it ग्रैष्मः पुष्पविशेषः and says nothing else about it. Five seasons have now been named in three pādas. The word is masculine as the name of the tree and neuter as the name of the flower

  • a-stem masculine, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular

    सीमन्ते

    सीमन्त

    in the parting of the hair — the sixth and last locative, and the most precise: the line of scalp where the hair is combed apart, which Mallinātha glosses मस्तकेशवीथ्याम्, 'the lane of hair on the head'. वीथी is a street, and the word makes the parting a road running over the skull. He cites the Śabdārṇava, which says of the word that it is अस्त्रियाम्, 'not in the feminine' — a lexicon's way of giving a gender by ruling one out

  • अव्यय

    च

    च

    and — the only joint in a stanza of six clauses, and it comes at the last of them. Five flowers are set down one after another with nothing between them, and the sixth gets an 'and' — which is what tells the reader the list is finished, and which of the six the stanza was heading for

  • a-stem neuter, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    त्वदुपगमजम्

    printed त्वदुपगमजं

    ज, from √जन्

    born of it — ज is what √जन्, to be born, becomes at the end of a compound: one syllable meaning 'arising from'. Mallinātha resolves it तत्र जातम्, 'born there', taking the first member as a locative — the flower is born *at* your arrival rather than *out of* it, which keeps the cloud a season and not a father

  • अव्यय

    यत्र

    यत्र

    where — the second stanza running to open its sentence on this word, and Mallinātha glosses it the same way twice: यत्रालकायाम्. The relative is the Uttaramegha's whole method of description. The city is never the subject of a sentence; it is always the place where something else is the case

  • a-stem neuter, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular

    नीपम्

    printed नीपं

    नीप

    the kadamba — glossed कदम्बकुसुमम्, and it is the flower of the rains, the round orange head that opens on the first day of them. The poem has met it before: at 1.21 the deer see a nīpa green-and-tawny with its stamens half grown and know from it which way the rain is going. Here the same flower is in a woman's hair, in a city where every other season's flower is out beside it. The word is masculine as the name of the tree and neuter as the name of the flower

  • ū-stem feminine, षष्ठी बहुवचन genitive plural

    वधूनाम्

    वधू

    of the women — the last word of the stanza and the one every locative in it belongs to: their hands, their hair, their faces. Mallinātha glosses it with the plainest word again, स्त्रीणाम्, as he glossed वनिता at 2.1. वधू is properly a bride or a young wife, and the poem keeps choosing words for women who belong to somebody — which is the errand's subject, one canto early

यत्र · वधूनाम् · हस्ते · लीलाकमलम् · अलके · बालकुन्दानुविद्धम् · आनने · लोध्रप्रसवरजसा · पाण्डुताम् · नीता · श्रीः · चूडापाशे · नवकुरबकम् · कर्णे · चारु · शिरीषम् · सीमन्ते · च · त्वदुपगमजम् · नीपम् · अस्ति [supplied]

uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, whose commentary runs as anvaya. He brings यत्र and वधूनाम् to the front, since the one names the city and the other owns every locative in the stanza, and otherwise leaves the six clauses in the order the verse gives them. The verb is his: सर्वत्रास्तीति शेषः, 'an is is to be supplied throughout', and he backs it with the maxim that the third person of अस् in the sense of 'being' holds even where it is not written“yatrālakāyāṃ vadhūnāṃ strīṇāṃ haste līlārthaṃ kamalam … alake … anuviddham … ānane … rajasāṃ parāgeṇa pāṇḍutāṃ nītā śrīḥ śobhā | cūḍāpāśe … navakurabakaṃ | karṇe cāru peśalaṃ śirīṣaṃ | sīmante … tatra jātaṃ tvadupagamajam … nīpaṃ kadambakusumam | sarvatrāstīti śeṣaḥ”

the dependency structure

अस्ति · विधेय — there is; the predicate the sentence turns on, and it is not printed. The verse has no finite verb; Mallinātha supplies अस्ति by a maxim, सर्वत्रास्तीति शेषः, 'an is is to be understood everywhere', and the tree roots there

यत्र · अधिकरण — where, यत्रालकायाम्; the relative that governs this stanza as it did the last

वधूनाम् · षष्ठी — of the women; a genitive standing over the whole stanza, whose six places are the women's

लीलाकमलम् · उद्देश्य — a play-lotus, the first of the six flowers, autumn's

हस्ते · अधिकरण — in the hand, the first of the six places

बालकुन्दानुविद्धम् · उद्देश्य — a something threaded through with young jasmine, बालैः कुन्दैः अनुविद्धम्; the second flower, and बाल, 'young', is what dates it to hemanta

अलके · अधिकरण — in the hair; the second place

श्रीः · उद्देश्य — a beauty, a bloom on the face; the third, lodhra's, late winter's

आनने · अधिकरण — on the face; the third place

नीता · agreeing with श्रीः — brought, made to reach; a past participle

पाण्डुताम् · कर्म of नीता — to pallor, पाण्डुभावम्; the pale gold the face is brought to

लोध्रप्रसवरजसा · करण — by the pollen of lodhra blossom, लोध्रस्य प्रसवस्य रजसा; what does the paling

नवकुरबकम् · उद्देश्य — fresh kurabaka, the fourth flower, spring's

चूडापाशे · अधिकरण — in the coil at the crown; the fourth place

शिरीषम् · उद्देश्य — a śirīṣa, the fifth flower, summer's

कर्णे · अधिकरण — at the ear; the fifth place

चारु · क्रियाविशेषण — prettily, set with care

नीपम् · उद्देश्य — the kadamba, the sixth flower, the rains'; the one that comes only with the cloud

सीमन्ते · अधिकरण — in the parting of the hair; the sixth place

त्वदुपगमजम् · agreeing with नीपम् — born of your arrival, त्वदुपगमात् जातम्; the kadamba flowers when the cloud comes

च · समुच्चय — and, closing the list of six

uncheckedMallinātha’s Sañjīvinī for the anvaya and the reading, which supplies अस्ति by the maxim सर्वत्रास्तीति शेषः, dates each of the six flowers, and defends the locative अलके against the variant अलकम् and against Nātha; the Telugu drawn from Vedam Venkataraya Sastri’s Āndhra Meghasandeśam. The stanza has no finite verb; its tree roots at the supplied predicate अस्ति and the role says so.

Where the women have a lotus in the hand to play with, and young jasmine threaded through their hair, and on the face a beauty brought to pallor by the pollen of lodhra blossom, and fresh kurabaka in the coil at the crown, and a śirīṣa set prettily at the ear, and in the parting of the hair the kadamba that comes with your arrival. Six flowers in six places, and each flower belongs to a different one of the six seasons — the lotus to autumn, the jasmine to early winter, the lodhra to late winter, the kurabaka to spring, the śirīṣa to summer, and the kadamba to the rains. Mallinātha dates every one of them and finishes with the reasoning: by naming the aggregate of what each season produces, the aggregate of all the seasons is established by implication — for an effect cannot come to be without its cause. The women wear the year at once. **The stanza has no verb in it at all**, and he supplies one by a named maxim: सर्वत्रास्तीति शेषः, 'there is' is to be understood everywhere, since the third person of अस् in the sense of being holds even where it is not written. What the sentence has instead of a verb is six locatives, which is why the variant reading he reports matters — some texts print अलकम्, a nominative, and that would break the run the stanza is built on, a सप्तमीप्रक्रमभङ्ग. Nātha objected to the same reading on other grounds, that it costs अलक its settled masculine gender; तदसत्, says Mallinātha, and quotes two lines where the word is neuter. It is the second time in the poem he names Nātha and the first time he corrects him. He also stops on बाल, one adjective of one flower, for longer than on anything else here: the kunda is śiśira's by the lexicon, but it appears in hemanta and matures in śiśira, so 'young' assigns it to hemanta — and without that one word two of the six seasons would collapse into one. He names no figure.

uncheckedthe reader's reading, following Mallinātha's gloss; the dating of all six flowers, the कारण-कार्य reasoning, the supplied अस्ति and its maxim, the variant reading with its प्रक्रमभङ्ग, the answer to Nātha and the argument from बाल are all his“sarvatrāstīti śeṣaḥ astirbhavatiparaḥ prathamapuruṣo'prayujyamāno'pyastīti nyāyāt | itthaṃ kamalakundādi tattatkāryasamāhārābhidhānādarthāt sarvartusamāhārasiddhiḥ | kāraṇaṃ vinā kāryasyāsiddheriti bhāvaḥ”

Where the women have a lotus in the hand to play with, young jasmine threaded through their hair, on the face a bloom paled by the pollen of lodhra, fresh kurabaka in the coil at the crown, a śirīṣa set prettily at the ear, and in the parting of the hair the kadamba that comes with your arrival. Six flowers, six places, six seasons worn at one time. The last is yours: the नीप, kadamba, त्वदुपगमज, 'born of your coming', flowers only in the rains — so the one season the women cannot wear until the cloud arrives is the season the cloud is. The stanza names the year by naming its flowers, and holds one place open for the guest it is addressed to.

  • Mallinātha, Sañjīvinī — 2.2, whole-verse gloss

No figure is named for this verse by the commentary this reading follows, so none is shown.