मेघदूतम् · कालिदास · 1.4
रामगिरि · the welcome
प्रत्यासन्ने नभसि दयिताजीवितालम्बनार्थी
जीमूतेन स्वकुशलमयीं हारयिष्यन् प्रवृत्तिम्
स प्रत्यग्रैः कुटजकुसुमैः कल्पितार्घाय तस्मै
प्रीतः प्रीतिप्रमुखवचनं स्वागतं व्याजहार
pāda a
pāda b
pāda c
pāda d
स्वकुशलमयीम् + हारयिष्यन् → स्वकुशलमयीं
म् + ह्
सः + प्रत्यग्रैः → स
ः + प्
प्रीतिप्रमुखवचनम् + स्वागतम् → प्रीतिप्रमुखवचनं
म् + स्
स्वागतम् + व्याजहार → स्वागतं
म् + व्
दयिता + जीवित → दयिताजीवितालम्बनार्थी
आ + ज्
no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change
जीवित + आलम्बन → दयिताजीवितालम्बनार्थी
अ + आ → आ · falls inside the syllable ता
आलम्बन + अर्थिन् → दयिताजीवितालम्बनार्थी
अ + अ → आ · falls inside the syllable ना
स्व + कुशल → स्वकुशलमयीम्
अ + क्
no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change
कुशल + मयी → स्वकुशलमयीम्
अ + म्
no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change
कुटज + कुसुम → कुटजकुसुमैः
अ + क्
no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change
कल्पित + अर्घ → कल्पितार्घाय
अ + अ → आ · falls inside the syllable ता
प्रीति + प्रमुख → प्रीतिप्रमुखवचनम्
इ + प्
no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change
प्रमुख + वचन → प्रीतिप्रमुखवचनम्
अ + व्
no rule named — the builder's table does not hold this change
Between words the joins are quiet: स्वागतम् + व्याजहार is printed स्वागतं व्याजहार, the final म् written as an anusvāra before the व्. The interesting joining is all inside the compounds, and inside हारयिष्यन् — the causative णिच् and the vṛddhi of √हृ to हार्.
नभसि सप्तमी · locative — अधिकरण, the location
with प्रत्यासन्ने
जीमूतेन तृतीया · instrumental — करण, the instrument or cause
हारयिष्यन् प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent
प्रवृत्तिम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object
with स्वकुशलमयीम्
सः प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent
with दयिताजीवितालम्बनार्थी
प्रत्यग्रैः तृतीया · instrumental — करण, the instrument or cause
कुटजकुसुमैः तृतीया · instrumental — करण, the instrument or cause
तस्मै चतुर्थी · dative — सम्प्रदान, the recipient
with कल्पितार्घाय
प्रीतः प्रथमा · nominative — कर्ता, the agent
स्वागतम् द्वितीया · accusative — कर्म, the object
with प्रीतिप्रमुखवचनम्
प्रकरण 1 · हलन्त्यम्
प्रकरण 2 · इको यणचि
प्रकरण 3 · स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः
प्रकरण 4 · वा शरि
प्रकरण 5 · अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्
प्रकरण 7 · अतोऽम्
प्रकरण 8 · हो ढः
प्रकरण 11 · स्वरादिनिपातमव्ययम्
प्रकरण 12 · लः कर्मणि च भावे चाकर्मकेभ्यः
प्रकरण 34 · ण्वुल्तृचौ
प्रकरण 48 · शेषे
प्रकरण 59 · इवे प्रतिकृतौ
not in the abridgement
दयिताजीवितालम्बनार्थी
दयिता · जीवित · आलम्बन · अर्थिन्
दयितायाः जीवितम्
तत्पुरुष (genitive) — the beloved’s life
दयिताजीवितस्य आलम्बनम्
तत्पुरुष (genitive) — something for that life to hold on to
दयिताजीवितालम्बनस्य अर्थी
तत्पुरुष (genitive) — wanting that support
तत्पुरुष — it agrees with सः. wanting something to keep his beloved alive — he acts before the rains can kill her rather than after
uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī“dayitājīvitālambanārthī san”
स्वकुशलमयीम्
स्व · कुशल · मयी
स्वस्य कुशलम्
तत्पुरुष (genitive) — his own well-being
स्वकुशलं प्रधानं यस्याः सा
बहुव्रीहि — [news] whose substance is that well-being
बहुव्रीहि — it refers to प्रवृत्तिम्. news that is nothing but "I am alive"
uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī“svakuśalamayīṃ svakṣemapradhānāṃ pravṛttiṃ”
कुटजकुसुमैः
कुटज · कुसुम
कुटजस्य कुसुमानि
तत्पुरुष (genitive) — flowers of the kuṭaja
तत्पुरुष. with kuṭaja flowers, which the first rain brings out
uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī“kuṭajakusumairgirimallikābhiḥ”
कल्पितार्घाय
कल्पित · अर्घ
कल्पितः अर्घः यस्मै सः
बहुव्रीहि — [the one] for whom the offering was made
बहुव्रीहि — it refers to तस्मै. to the one he had made his offering to
uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī“kalpito’nuṣṭhitaḥ pūjāvidhiryasmai tasmai”
प्रीतिप्रमुखवचनम्
प्रीति · प्रमुख · वचन
प्रीतिः प्रमुखा येषां तानि
बहुव्रीहि — [words] that have affection at their head
प्रीतिप्रमुखानि वचनानि यस्मिन् कर्मणि तत्
बहुव्रीहि — [a speaking] in which the words have affection at their head
बहुव्रीहि — it refers to स्वागतम्. speaking with affection at the front of the words
uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī“prītipramukhāni prītipūrvakāṇi vacanāni yasminkarmaṇi tat”
√सद् + क्त, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular
प्रत्यासन्ने
प्रत्यासन्न, from प्रति + आ + √सद्
come near — with नभसि it makes a locative absolute: "the month being at hand"
as-stem neuter, सप्तमी एकवचन locative singular
नभसि
नभस्
the month Nabhas — Śrāvaṇa, the one after Āṣāḍha
नभसि प्रत्यासन्ने is a locative absolute — the सति सप्तमी, a locative with a participle: “the month Nabhas being at hand”. Two words in the locative, a noun and a past participle, set a circumstance for the main sentence without joining its grammar. नभस् is an as-stem, the month Śrāvaṇa, the one after Āṣāḍha.
in-stem masculine, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular
दयिताजीवितालम्बनार्थी
अर्थिन्
wanting — an in-stem, "having a want", and the compound says what of
a-stem masculine, तृतीया एकवचन instrumental singular
जीमूतेन
जीमूत
by a cloud — Mallinātha derives the word as "the water-bundle", जीवनस्य मूतः
ī-stem feminine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular
स्वकुशलमयीम्
printed स्वकुशलमयीं
मयी
made of, consisting of — the suffix मयट् in its feminine, agreeing with प्रवृत्तिम्. It is from the suffix मयट्, "made of"
स्व कुशलम् मयी: “made of one’s own welfare”, news that is nothing but ‘I am alive and well’. मयी is the feminine of the suffix मयट्, “made of, consisting of”; it is a ī-stem feminine agreeing with प्रवृत्तिम्. Mallinātha glosses स्वक्षेमप्रधानाम्, having his own safety as its substance.
√हृ + णिच् + शतृ on the future stem, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular
हारयिष्यन्
हारयिष्यत्, from √हृ with णिच्
meaning to have [it] carried — a future participle, and a causative: not carrying it himself but having the cloud carry it
हारयिष्यन् packs two grammars into one word. It is a future active participle — the future लृट् replaced by शतृ (3.3.14), so “meaning to …, about to …” — and it is causative: √हृ with णिच्, हारि, “to have carried” rather than to carry oneself. So the yakṣa does not mean to carry the news but to have the cloud carry it. As an at-stem it takes नुम् in the strong cases.
i-stem feminine, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular
प्रवृत्तिम्
प्रवृत्ति
news, tidings — Mallinātha glosses it वार्ता
pronoun, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular
सः
printed स
तद्
he — the one who brooded
a-stem neuter, तृतीया बहुवचन instrumental plural
प्रत्यग्रैः
प्रत्यग्र
fresh — Mallinātha glosses अभिनवैः, newly picked
a-stem neuter, तृतीया बहुवचन instrumental plural
कुटजकुसुमैः
कुसुम
with flowers — of the kuṭaja, the hill jasmine that opens with the first rain
a-stem masculine, चतुर्थी एकवचन dative singular
कल्पितार्घाय
अर्घ
the offering made to a guest — the dative of the one it is made to
pronoun, चतुर्थी एकवचन dative singular
तस्मै
तद्
to it — to the cloud
√प्री + क्त, प्रथमा एकवचन nominative singular
प्रीतः
प्रीत, from √प्री
pleased — a past participle in an active sense, as verbs of feeling take it
a-stem neuter, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular
प्रीतिप्रमुखवचनम्
printed प्रीतिप्रमुखवचनं
वचन
speech, words — the compound stands adverbially: "so that affection led the words"
प्रीतिः प्रमुखा येषां तानि वचनानि — words that have affection at their head — then the whole made a bahuvrīhi for the act of speaking, यस्मिन् कर्मणि तत्, standing adverbially: “so that affection led the words”. It qualifies स्वागतम्, the welcome he uttered.
a-stem neuter, द्वितीया एकवचन accusative singular
स्वागतम्
printed स्वागतं
स्वागत
a welcome — literally "well come", and Mallinātha reads it as the words of one
√हृ, class 1, लिट्, parasmaipada, third person singular
व्याजहार
√हृ
he spoke — वि + आ + √हृ in the perfect, "he uttered"
व्याजहार, “he spoke, uttered”, वि + आ + √हृ in the perfect. √हृ “carry” with वि-आ before it means “address, speak”. Reduplication doubles the root — ज-हार, the velar becoming a palatal — and the prefixes वि + आ merge to व्या before it.
नभसि · प्रत्यासन्ने · दयिताजीवितालम्बनार्थी · सः · जीमूतेन · स्वकुशलमयीम् · प्रवृत्तिम् · हारयिष्यन् · प्रत्यग्रैः · कुटजकुसुमैः · कल्पितार्घाय · तस्मै · प्रीतः · प्रीतिप्रमुखवचनम् · स्वागतम् · व्याजहार
uncheckedMallinātha, Sañjīvinī, whose commentary is written as anvaya“ihānvayamukhenaiva sarvaṃ vyākhyāyate mayā”
the dependency structure
व्याजहार · क्रिया — the verb the sentence turns on
नभसि · सति सप्तमी — the month being at hand
प्रत्यासन्ने · come near
सः · कर्ता — the agent
दयिताजीवितालम्बनार्थी · wanting to keep his beloved alive
प्रीतः · glad
हारयिष्यन् · meaning to have it carried
प्रवृत्तिम् · कर्म — the news
स्वकुशलमयीम् · of his own welfare
जीमूतेन · करण — by the cloud
तस्मै · सम्प्रदान — to it, the cloud
कल्पितार्घाय · to whom the offering was made
कुटजकुसुमैः · करण — with kuṭaja flowers
प्रत्यग्रैः · fresh
स्वागतम् · कर्म — a welcome, what he spoke
प्रीतिप्रमुखवचनम् · with affection at the front of the words
uncheckedMallinātha’s Sañjīvinī for the anvaya and the reading; the Telugu drawn from Vedam Venkataraya Sastri’s Āndhra Meghasandeśam and the Bālānandinī
One sentence, one verb, व्याजहार at the very end. Its subject सः carries a long adjective and the whole causative clause “meaning to have the cloud carry news of his welfare”; the dative तस्मै with its offering, and the object स्वागतम्, gather before the verb. Find सः and व्याजहार first.
With the next month close at hand, and wanting something his beloved could keep herself alive on, he meant to have news of his own safety carried to her by the cloud. So he made it an offering of freshly picked kuṭaja flowers, and, glad, spoke it a welcome with affection at the front of every word.
uncheckedthe reader's reading, following Mallinātha's gloss
The month Śrāvaṇa near, and wanting something his beloved could keep herself alive on, the yakṣa resolves to send word of his own safety by the cloud. He treats the cloud as an honoured guest — an offering of fresh kuṭaja flowers, the first the rains bring out — and, glad, speaks it a welcome with affection leading every word. The verse is one long sentence closing on व्याजहार.
No figure is named for this verse by the commentary this reading follows, so none is shown.